Mune vamwe vanhu, iyo enamel ine mavara asina kukwana uye sangano rakasiyana-siyana, rakafukidzwa nemavara, chips nezvimwe zvikanganiso. Ichi chirwere chinonzi fluorosis, ine chisingagumi. Pathology inowanikwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo, saka inogona kudziviswa munguva yakakodzera.
Fluorosis - classification
Kune marudzi mashanu ehurwere iri pasi pekufungisisa, iro rinopesana muzviratidzo uye kuoma kwechikoro. Iyo yekutanga mafomu matatu e fluorosis inoyerera nyore uye haashatise kurasikirwa kwemavara emeno, mamwe maitiro anotungamirira kurasikirwa kwayo. Urongwa hunosanganisira zvinotevera zvechirwere ichi:
- dashed;
- taona;
- mellovid-mottled;
- erosive;
- kuparadza.
Dashed form of fluorosis
Rudzi urwu rwakave rwuri kurwara hunosiyana nerwendo rwuri nyore, haruwanzocherechedzi muzvikamu zvaro zvokutanga. Dashed form ye fluorosis inoratidzika nechitarisiko pameno, zvikurukuru incisors yepamusoro, yezvikanda zviduku zviduku. Pakutanga ivo vanenge vasingazivikanwi, asi pakupedzisira vanobatana mune imwe nzvimbo. Kana iwe uchichitarisa, unogona kuona zvakajeka zviroto. Kurwara kwakadaro kwemazino kunogona kuporeswa nekurapa kwenguva yakakodzera uye yakarurama. Urwu rudzi rwechirwere harukonzeri matambudziko uye kuparadzwa kweeamel.
Kutarisa fomu ye fluorosis
Iro rudzi rwechirwere runofambidzana nekuonekwa kwechiedza chinonzi chiedza chinowanikwa pamusoro pemeno akawanda, kunyanya kumusoro uye pasi pasi. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvinotsanangurwa eamel fluorosis inopfuurira, maduku maduku akabatana pamwe chete, achiumba maitiro makuru. Dzimwe nguva vanoshandura ruvara kubva kune chena kusvika kune ruvara kana kuti tsvuku. Ihwo hunhu hwemhando inoratidzirwa yezvirwere - enamel munzvimbo yakatarisa yakanyatsonaka uye inopenya.
Melotic-mottled maitiro e fluorosis
Rudzi rwakarangarirwa rwehutano runoratidzwa nezviratidzo zvakasiyana, izvo zvinowanikwa zvakajeka uye zvinokonzera kusagadzikana kwepfungwa. Zvakakosha kuti tangotanga kurapa zvakadai se fluorosis - fomu yemafiti-motokari inofambidzana nekuumbwa pameno ose ezvitsvene zvakatsanangurwa, machena kana mavara machena ane matte pamusoro. Pasina nguva yekurapa, iyo enamel inoparadzwa. Iyi dental fluorosis mune zvimwe zviitiko inosanganiswa nekuonda kwayo kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Inoratidzika kunge isina kujeka inenge inenge 0,1-0.2 mm yakadzika nepamusoro we1-1.5 mm.
Nzira yakashata ye fluorosis
Nehutachiona hwechirwere ichi, eamel ine chirevo chekuti huri tsvuku kana tsvuku. Mukurwisana nemashure emagetsi, nzvimbo dzine zviremera zvakakura zviri pachena. Dendaase fluorosis yefomu yakatsanangurwa inoita kuti kuve nekuwedzera kwekukura kwepasi. Kana iwe usingatori mishonga ipi zvayo yezvokurapa, iyo enamel inokurumidza kubviswa, uye ikozvino dentin inoparadzwa. Dzimwe nguva kufambira mberi kwehutano kunopera mukurasikirwa kwemazana makuru emeno.
Nzira inoparadza ye fluorosis
Rudzi rwechirwere runoratidzika runofungidzirwa sarudzo yakaoma zvikuru. Kusingaperi kuparadza fluorosis kunokonzera kuve kwakasimba kwemajeri, iyo inowanikwa tsvina yejena kana kuti yakaoma ruvara rwemavara. Pamusoro penzvimbo yayo, pakarepo akaona zvipembenene zvakawanda, kuputika, tsvina uye zvimwe zvikanganiso. Kuparadza zvirwere zvemazino zvakafanana zvinokonzera kuparadzwa kwezvinhu zvavo. Mutumbi unoedza kubhadhara izvi nenzira yekuparadzanisa kubvisa dentin, asi izvi hazvina kukwana. Meso anova akaoma, anowanzoputsika pasi pekumanikidzika.
Chikonzero che fluorosis
Iyo inorondedzerwa chirwere inotanga kukura kunyange kusati kwambobuda kwemazino anogara . Kupera kwechirwere ichi chinokanganisa vanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzakakwirira dze fluoride mumvura. Iyo yakanyanyogadziriswa yeiyi chinhu inonzi 1 mg / l, yakawanda - 1.5 mg / l. Kana mwana achishandisa mvura nehuwandu hwe fluorine kwemakore anopfuura matatu anotevera, chirwere che fluorosis chiri kutokuvadza mazino ake anogara nokusingaperi, kunyange kana asina kukura. Kazhinji kazhinji chirwere chinokonzera mukaka enamel.
Mumwe munhu mukuru akatamira kune imwe nzvimbo ane zvakawanda zvinokonzera fluoride inogadziriswa mumvura haisi kuratidzwa kune fluorosis. Dambudziko rekugadziriswa kwekugadziriswa kwekuchengetedzwa kwemaoko kunongowanikwa chete kana huwandu hwemakemikari akataurwa hwakapfuura 6 mg / l. Mukana wekurwara ne fluorosis unobva pahuwandu hwe fluoride mumvura. Nhamba yevanhu vanovhiringidzika munharaunda yakaoma maererano nekusanganiswa kweiyo element:
- pasi pe 1 mg / l - 10-12%;
- 1-1.5 mg / l - 20-30%;
- 1,5-2 mg / l - 30-50%
- kupfuura 2 mg / l - kupfuura 50%.
Fluorosis - zviratidzo
Zviri nyore kutarisa kutanga kwekuwedzera kwehutano kunyange mumatanho ekutanga. Iyo fluorosis yemeno uye kuoma kwechimiro chechipatara ichi chinotarisana nekuoma kwechirwere. Kana zvakanyanya kukuvara kwepamusoro pemapfupa emapfupa, zviri nyore kuti uongorore chirwere chacho. Zviratidzo zvemuviri zvinokonzerwa ne fluorosis zvinosanganisira enamel kukanganisa pane zvakasiyana-siyana, mazino anorema anterior:
- zvisungo;
- madamba;
- kurohwa;
- inotyisa;
- kudengenyeka;
- hollows;
- chips nevamwe.
Zvikamu zve fluorosis
Mukurapa mazino, chirwere chiri mumubvunzo chinosarudzwa kuita zviyero 5 zvekuoma:
- Chiedza chaizvo. Kuratidzwa kwe fluorosis hakoshi uye kunenge kusingaoneki. Mucherechedzo weeameri unenge usingachinji.
- Easy. Pa meno asina kuroora, pane mashoma mavara-machena mavara kana mashomanana mafupi. Nzvimbo yose yejecha iri kusvika ku25% yehuwandu eameri.
- Moderate. Kurohwa, mavara uye zvishoma zvinyorwa zvinonyatsooneka zvakajeka. Nzvimbo yekorona yezino yakanganisa inenge 50%.
- Avhareji. Mukuwedzera kumachena matte defects (melovid), kune maruva uye mavara ane mavara, dzimwe nguva makuru. Pamusana pekudzikisa kweeamel uye kubudiswa kwedentin, kukanganisa kuora kwezino uye zvimwe zvirwere zvemukati zvinowanikwa.
- Heavy. Zvinopfuura makumi manomwe kubva muzana zvezvigori zvezino zvakaparadzwa. Pigmentation yeeamel inonyanya kuzivikanwa, ine uncharacteristic yero kana kuti maronda. Dambudziko repamusoro rinokurumidza kuwedzera uye rikava kudengenyeka kwakakura. Iyo enamel inobviswa uye yakasvibiswa, mazino acho akaoma uye anowanzoparadzwa. Kana iri fluorosis padanho rino richifambira mberi, zvinetso zvinomuka. Dambudziko rakafanana kurasikirwa kwemeno uye kukanganisa kumapfupa emasaga.
Fluorosis - Kuziva
Kuona kukuvadzwa kweeamel pamusana pekuwedzerwa kwefluoride mumutumbi hakugoni kungoita madzinza chete, asiwo chiremba wevana uye mushonga. Zviratidzo zvechirwere uye kukohwa kweamamnesis kubatsira kuburatidza pachena. Kusiyana kwechirwere chechirwere chinonzi fluorosis chinodikanwa paunenge uchifungidzirwa caries mune tsvina. Kusiyanisa zvirwere izvi zvakajeka zvikuru nezvimwe zvikamu.
Fluorosis inokonzera vestibular uye zvinyorwa zvese zvemazino, zvinoratidzwa nemakumbo akawanda eeamel. Caries inowanikwa munharaunda uye munharaunda yekervical, inoratidzika seyo imwe chete yakachena mavara ediki duku. Chimwe chiitiko che fluorosis - kuratidzika pakarepo mushure mekuputika kwemazino anogara. Caries inowanikwa pamapfupa efupa.
Fluorosis yemeno - kurapa
Kurapa kwekuvhiringidzwa kweeamel kunokurudzirwa kufungisisa fomu uye nhanho yemararamiro. Kana kukanganisa kana kuparadza fluorosis kunoratidzwa, kurapwa kunosanganisira kudzorerwa kwechimiro uye ruvara rwekorona chikamu chemazino nekubatsirwa kwe:
- Zvinyorwa zveOrthopedic ( veneers );
- composite filling materials;
- Kugadzira zvipfeko nemakona ekugadzirira.
Dashed, melovid-mavara-mavara uye mavara-mavara fluorosis eino rinowira rinosangana nechinangwa mumumvuri weeamel chete, kazhinji kacho pane zviduku zvishoma kumusana wayo wakaonda. Kurapa maitiro akadaro ehutachiona, pane zvakakwana zvekudzivirira kwemahara uye kugadzirisa, izvo zvinotungamirirwa nezvikamu zvakatevedzana zvidzidzo muhofisi yamazino.
Inoshandiswa ne fluorosis
Utano hwehupi hunokosha zvikuru mukurapa kwechirwere ichi. Imwe yenzira dzinobatsira yekurapa fluorosis ndiyo kushandiswa nguva dzose kwezvimwe mazino. Zvinhu zvakadai hazvifaniri kunge zvine fluoride, zvinodikanwa kuti zvinenge zviri nyore kudya digsium calcium, kuchenesa zvinhu uye zvinhu zvinodzivisa kufambiswa kwemahara . Yakurudzirwa mazino emagetsi emeno anobatwa ne fluorosis:
- Mutungamiri Wega. Iine pantothenate, lactate uye calcium glycerophosphate - makemikari anosimbisa uye anovandudza enamel. Kunyangwe mune zvakakanganiswa pane papain, kuputsa plaque, uye xylitol, iyo inononoka kuumbwa kwayo, uye inokonzera mamiriro ezvinhu acidic mumuromo wemuromo.
- SPLAT Maximum, Biocalcium. Vose vafundisi vane papain uye polydon, iyo inobatsira pakubvisa zvishoma asi zvinobudirira kwepaki. Calcium inowanikwa nenzira ye hydroxyapatite uye lactate - zviri nyore kudya digestible. SPLAT Maximum kuwedzerawo ine dambudziko re enzymes, zinc citrate uye chikwata che licorice, kupa ruzivo rwakazara rwemuromo.
- Asepta. Muchengeta hapana chinhu chakashata-hydroxyapatite calcium, papain uye potasium citrate. Chigadzirwa chinobatsira kuvandudza hurumende, inodzivisa kuumbwa kwemavara uye kunoderedza kunzwisisika kwemeno.
- ROCS Chinhu chinoshandiswa chakashandiswa ndeche calcium glycerophosphate, iyo inonyorerwa nyore nyore uye yakabatanidzwa munzvimbo dzakakanganiswa dzeeamel. Kuchengetedza kuumbwa kwemavara uye kuumbwa kwepari muhutanda kunosanganisira bromelain uye xylitol.
- New Pearls. Chinhu chakanakisisa chine mari ye fluorosis. Mune hurumende iyi hapana ma enzymes anochera uye anobvisa zvinhu zvinopisa, asi pane "shamwari" inonyanya kudiwa "calcium" - citrate.
Meso anopenya ne fluorosis
Bvisa zvisikwa zvinoonekwa kubva paeamel chete muhofisi yamazino. Unyanzvi hwekudzivirira ropa ne fluorosis hunoitwa mune imwe nzira 3:
- The laser. Chokutanga, mazino akafukidzwa nejeri inotungamirirwa neHidengen peroxide. Kuti uratidze ruvara rwechimiro cheeamel, ivo vanovhenekerwa nereeramiti.
- Nemakemikari zvinoreva. Sezvokuvhenekera, zvinokonzerwa necarbamide peroxide uye hydrogen, inorganic acids (hydrochloric, phosphoric) zvinoshandiswa. Pakarepo mushure mekugadzirisa, mazino anoyevedzwa ne calcium gluconate kana Remodent, aine fluorine-lacquer kupfeka.
- Shlifovkoy. Iyo yakakwirira pamusoro peeamel inobviswa uchishandisa ganda rinokosha rinokonzerwa ne carborundum, hydrochloric acid uye silicon gel. Mushure mekugaya, korona inobatwa yakafukidzwa ne perhydrol uye inogadziriswa nemwenje we quartz. Pakuguma kwekugadzirisa, kugadziridza kunoitwa.
Kana pane imwe sangano yeimwe yenzira dzakanyorwa, hazvizogoni kunyatsozadza mazino. Pakushanyira kunoitwa chiremba wemazino, kushandiswa kwekushanda kunoshandiswa chete munzvimbo dzakaoma zvikuru dzeeamel, asi kuti zvibudirire zvidikanwi zvaunoda, 3-20 manipulations inotarisirwa (muyero unoenderana nehuwandu hwe fluorosis uye ruvara rwekukanganisa). Chirwere chinodzokorora chinofanira kuitwa mushure memwedzi 6-8, iyo iyo mazino anokurudzira kutora glycerophosphates uye calcium kugadzirira mukati, kunyatsoteerera mitemo yehutano hwehupi.
Kudzivirira kwezino fluorosis
Matanho ekudzivirira anogona kuva munhu mumwe nomumwe uye pamwe chete. Muchiitiko chekutanga, kudzivirira kwe fluorosis kunosanganisira:
- kugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemishonga ne fluoride (sipinashi, hove dzegungwa, mafuta emhuka);
- kudzora kwehutano uye kuumbwa kwemvura yekunwa;
- kuwedzera kwekudya nemavhitamini C, D, calcium gluconate;
- kushandiswa kwemazino mazino pasina fluoride;
- kushandiswa nguva dzose kwezvigadzirwa zvemisi.
Zvinonyanya kukosha kudzivirira chirwere mumwana mutsva munzvimbo dzakaoma. Vabereki havafanire kutanga kutanga kukosha, zvinodiwa kuti urege kudzika mazamu. Inokurudzirwa kupa mvura kubva kubva mumabhodhoro, kana kuisimudza nemukaka, jisi. Sezvo mwana achikura, vanachiremba vanokurudzira imwe neimwe yezhizha kuti vamutore kwemwedzi 2-3 kusvika panzvimbo yakachengeteka (maererano ne fluoride concentration).
Zvekuita mabasa ekudzivirira dental fluorosis muhuwandu, inobata hurumende yega. Kudzivirira kunoda:
- kushandiswa kwemvura kune vatengi;
- kuderedza kwehuwandu hwe fluoride nekusvibiswa kunokosha;
- Kusanganiswa kwemvura kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana (semuenzaniso, matsime nematsime).