Basa re endocrine system rinenge risingaoneki kuvanhu, asi rinokosha pakushanda kwehupenyu hwose. Kuti uongorore basa rayo, zvakakosha kunyatsoongorora mahomoni ehutori - chimiro chezvipikisi izvi zvinowanzoratidzwa mune pepa nemigumisiro yekuongorora. Asi kududzirwa kwakarurama kunojekesa ruzivo rwehumwe hunyengeri hwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu zvakashanda, chinangwa chavo.
Norm uye pathology muzviyero zve enzyme uye hormone dzehutano
Pamberi pekuongorora izvi zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti chirwere chetachiona chinogadzira mahomoni maviri chete:
- T3 - triiodothyronine (iyo hormone huru);
- T4 ndi tetraiodothyronine kana thyroxine.
Izvo zvakakosha kune kutungamira kwemasimba emetabolism mumuviri, pamwe nekudzora basa rezvinhu zvakadai se:
- kupesana kwemoyo;
- kutengesa mafungiro pamwe nemagetsi;
- kuparara kwemukati;
- evaporation yemazamu kubva pasi peganda nevamwe.
TSH (thyreotropic hormone) inonyatsobudiswa mupituitary (inharaunda yenharaunda), uye kwete muhutachiona hwetachiona. Inosanganiswa muchidzidzo ichi, nokuti TSH inofanirwa kuchengetedza maitiro eT3 neT4 - apo rutivi rwavo runoderera, chirwere chepituitary chinobudisa hutori-hunokurudzira hormone zvakanyanya.
Kana uchitarisa huwandu hwe triiodothyronine uye thyroxin, hutsika dzakasununguka dzeT3 neT4 dzinokosha zvikuru, dzinoti dzinobudisa zvinodhaka zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu.
Zvakakosha kuti kwete chete utachiona hwehomoni hune hutano, asiwo hutachiona hwemagadzirirwo emakemikari ayo, mapuroteni nemaviri. Izvi zvinoratidza kuiswa kwezvirwere (AT) kune zvinhu zvinotevera:
- TPO (thyroperoxidase) ndiyo enzyme yakakura yeganda ye thyroid;
- TG (thyroglobulin) - protein ye-iodine, yakagadzirisa T3 neT4;
- thyrotropin hormone receptors.
Mukuwedzera, tsanangudzo yakatsanangurwa inotsanangura:
- calcitonin - oncomarker;
- TSH (thyroxine-binding globulin) ipuroteni yekutakura.
Pamusana pekuongororwa kwehuwandu hwemusoro huri pamusoro pehupenyu hunoshandiswa, zviitiko zvakawanda zvinogona kuonekwa:
- unyengeri uye hyperplasia wechirwere chekupedzisira;
- thyrotoxicosis ;
- autoimmune thyroiditis;
- hypothyroidism ;
- chiremara chakaipa.
Ndezvipi zvinowanzoita mahomoni ehutori?
Nokuda kwekutenda mumigumisiro yekudzidza, zvinodikanwa kugovera ropa muma laboratori emazuva ano ane midziyo yakanyanya kunaka.
Chimbofunga miganhu yakagadzirirwa yechinangwa chimwe nechimwe.
Maitiro ehutachiona hutachiona hweH3 (nmol / L):
- chizere - 1.06-3.14;
- pasina - 2.62-5.77.
Kupera kwakasimba muna T3 kunoratidza hypothyroidism, kuneta kwechirwere chemuviri, kunogona kuratidza chirwere.
Chimiro chemahomoni echirwere chetachiona uye chetachiona TTG uye T4 inorongwa mumakamuri akasiyana - MED / L uye nmol / L, maererano.
Mitemo inogamuchirwa yeTSH iri pakati pe 0.47 kusvika 4.15 uchi / l.
Miganhu inowirirana yeT4:
- chizere - 71.23-142.25;
- vakasununguka - 9,56-22,3.
Uyewo, paunotsanangurira migumisiro yemuongorori wezvinoenderana nehutachiona hwehutachiwana muropa, zvinokosha kuziva mitemo yeAt for TPO, TG, uye thyrotropic hormone receptors:
- antibodies to thyreperoxidase - pasi pe 5.67 U / ml;
- zvirwere zvinoshandiswa kumakumbo ako thyroglobulin - titer
- ma antibodies kusvika pTTG - pasi pe4 U / l.
Nzira dzakarurama dze thyroxin-binding globulin dzinobva 222 kusvika 517 nmol / l.
Nekuda kwekusarudza kwekunyanya kweku calcitonin sechikwata mu medullary (C-cellular) kenza yehutachiona, inoitwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasarudzwa. Iyo yakatendeseka ndeyekutsvaga kwakasimudzirwa, umo ropa rinotorwa mushure mekutengeswa kwemaitiro e calcium gluconate solution (10%). Kuwedzera kuduku kudarika ku calcitonin, kunyange ne 0.5 zviyero zvakasara kupfuura chikamu chepamusoro chechimiro, zvinogona kuratidza kufambira mberi kwechirwere chinouraya.