Ishe Shiva - zviratidzo zvehuMwari uye zvinotyisa sei?

Mwari achitamba zvose. Tsvina sekampori, yakakura uye inotyisa, ichiparadza magiraxi nehasha dzayo, ine ngoni kune vose varombo - zvose izvi iye, Mahadev anopokana. Ishe Shiva - kurarama pane gomo dzvene Kailas, mukuru kuna vamwari vari muhedheni yeHinduism, uye Shaivism imwe yezvitendero zvakaremekedzwa zvikuru muIndia.

Shiva - ndiani uyu?

Muzvinyorwa zvechiHindu, pane chirevo cheTurmurti, kana kuti Divine Triad, iyo inowanzobatanidza hutatu hukuru hunoratidza humwe Mukuru Mukurumbira: Brahma (muumbi wezvose) - Vishnu (muchengeti) Shiva (muparadzi). Mukushandura kubva kuSanskrit शिव Shiva "ane nyasha," "zvakanaka-natured," "ushamwari." MuIndia, mwari Shiva ndomumwe wevanonyanya kuda uye vanoremekedzwa. Zvinotendwa kuti kumudana hakusi kwakaoma, Mahadev kune vose anouya kununura, iye ndiye mwari ane tsitsi. Mukukuratidzwa kwepamusoro, munhu anoita cosmic male principle uye yakakwirira yekuziva kwevanhu.

Mutsvene mutsvene weShiva Purana anomiririra Shivha, ane mazita 1008 akaonekwa apo Mwari akazviratidza kune vanhu mumagariro akasiyana. Kudzokorora kwemazita eShiva - kunogadzirisa pfungwa uye kusimbisa munhu nechinangwa chakanaka. Mukurumbira wavo ndeye:

• Pashupati (mumwe weavo akare) ndiye mutongi uye baba vezvikara;
• Rudra (anotyisa, akaregwa) - anogadzira hutsinye hunhu, anounza zvirwere, asi anoporesa;
• Mahadhiv ndiye mukuru, mwari wevamwari;
• Mahesvara - the Great Lord;
• Nataraja - Shiva ndeye mambo anogadzirwa nemutambo wekutamba;
• Shambhu - kuunza mufaro;
• Ishvara ndiIshe ane kubwinya kwaMwari;
• Kamari ndiye anoparadza zvido;
• Maha Yogi - Guru Yogi, inosanganisira mweya wekuzvidzivirira (unoremekedzwa nega yogis yenyika);
• Hara ndiye muparadzi;
• Triyambaka maziso matatu.

Mukadzikadzi hypostasis weShiva

Rutivi rworuboshwe rwemuviri weShiva rinomirira vakadzi (kushanda) simba reShakti. Shiva uye Shakti zvakasiyana. Uyu mwarikadzi ane mamiriyoni Shiva-Shakti ane chimiro cheMwari weKali ndiye anouraya vakadzi hypostasis emasimba ekuparadza eShiva. MuIndia, Kali mutsvene, chimiro chake chinotyisa: ganda-remavara, rurimi rutsvuku rwesopa rinobuda kunze, garland ye 50 skulls (kuberekwa patsva). Mune rumwe ruoko munondo, mumusoro wechipiri wakabviswa waM Mahisha, mutungamiri weAsuras. Mamwe maoko maviri anoropafadza vateveri uye vanodzinga kutya. Kali - chimiro-Amai vanosika uye vanoparadza zvose mukutamba kwake kwehasha uye nechisimba.

Chiratidzo cheShiva

Mifananidzo yeMahadev yakazara nezviratidzo zvakasiyana siyana, zvese zvinoratidza kuonekwa kwake zvine zvazvinoreva. Chinonyanya kukosha chiratidzo cheShiva - the lingam. MuShiva Purana, the lingam is divine phallus, iyo inobva kune zvose zviripo muzvinhu zvose. Chiratidzo chinomira pachitendero che yoni (chibereko) - kufanidza Parvati, mudzimai nemukadzi wezvinhu zvose zvipenyu. Mamwe maitiro-zviratidzo zvaMwari zvakakosha:

1. Aya maziso matatu eShiva (Zuva, Mwedzi, Chiratidzo cheMoto) hafu-yakazaruka-kuyerera kwehupenyu, apo mafungiro akavhara, anoparadzwa, zvino nyika dzirizve kugadzirwa, maziso anozaruka - mutsva mutsva wehupenyu hwepasi.
2. Bvudzi - rakakanganiswa mumubatanidzwa weJatu, kubatana kwesimba muviri, mupfungwa, mumweya; Mwedzi uri mumvere - kutonga pamusoro pemafungiro, Rwizi rweG Ganges - rinobviswa kubva kuzvitadzo.
3. Damaru (drum) inomuka kune yose, inzwi rose. Muruoko rworudyi rweShiva, munhu anoedza kurwisana nekusaziva anopa uchenjeri.
4. Cobra - yakapoteredzwa pamutsipa: yapfuura, yemazuva ano, yeramangwana - kusingaperi pane imwe nguva.
5. Trident (trishula) - chiito, ruzivo, kumutsa.
6. Rudraksha (ziso raRudra) mucheka wezvibereko zvemuti wakazara wegreen, tsitsi uye kusuruvara pamusoro pevanhu.
7. Tilaka (triphpur), marita matatu emadota pahuma, huroti uye zvose mapepa chiratidzo chekukunda ruzivo rwenhema pamusoro pewe, Maya's (illusions) uye chimiro che karma.
8. Bull Nandi mutendi akatendeka, chiratidzo chepasi nesimba, motokari yemwari.
9. Ganda rekondo ndiko kukunda kuchiva.

Shiva yakaratidzwa sei?

Kuberekwa kweShiva kwakazara nehuzhinji hwezvakavanzika, magwaro ekare eShivaite Puranas anorondedzera zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvekuonekwa kwaMwari:

1. Panguva yekuonekwa kwaBrahma kubva mumabvuri aMwari Vishnu , madhimoni akanga ari pedyo uye akaedza kuuraya Brahma, asi Vishnu akanga atsamwira, aive nemapurisa Shiva akaonekwa kubva pakati-nepamusoro uye asuras akaurayiwa nechetatu.
2. Brahma aiva nevanakomana vana vakanga vasingadi kuva nembeu, ipapo mwana ane ganda rebhuruu akaonekwa pakati pemaziso evana vakatsamwa Brahma. Mukomana akachema uye akakumbira zita, nzvimbo yemagariro evanhu. Brahma akamupa mazita 11, maviri acho aiva Rudra naShiva. Makumi gumi nemana akabatanidzwa, mune imwe yei, Shiva - mwari akakurumbira kubva mumutungamiri wevakuru, pamwe naBrahma naVishnu.
3. Brahma, mukufungisisa kwakadzama, akakumbira kuonekwa kwomwanakomana, akafanana mukukwirira. Mukomana uyu akafugama pedyo neBrahma ndokutanga kumhanya achikomberedza muumbi kuti akumbire zita racho. Rudra! "Brahma akati, asi izvozvo hazvina kukwana kumucheche, akamhanyira ndokudanidzira kusvikira Brahma akamupa mamwe mazita gumi uye akawanda akabatanidzwa.

Amai Shiva

Mhemberero yeShiva mune zvinyorwa zvakasiyana ndeyetsika dzinotaurwa pamwe chete nezita raVishnu neBrahma. Kudzidza Shaivism uye zita rinofananidzwa nemwari-muparadzi, bvunza nezveamai veShiva. Ndiani iye? Muzvinyorwa zvitsvene zvekare zvakasvika kuvanhu, hapana zita rekadzikadzi hypostasis wemwarikadzi uyo angava nechokuita nekuzvarwa kweMahadev mukuru. Shiva akazvimiririra kubva pahuma ye Musiki weBrahma, haana amai.

Chii chakaipa kuna mwari Shiva?

Chimiro cheMahadeva ndechechipiri: Muiti anouraya. Zvinhu zvose pamugumo wekufamba-famba zvinofanira kuparadzwa, asi kana Shiva ari mwari mukutsamwa, zvose zvinokonzera kuparadzwa chero nguva. Saka ndiyo yaiva apo mudzimai waSati akapiswa mumoto. Shiva akasika huMwari hunopa ropa. Vakawanda-vane mwari akazvigadzirirwa Siva mu hypostasis yeVirohadra vakazobudiswa mumazviuru akafanana naye ndokuenda kuimba yamambo yaDadshi (baba vaSati) kuti vatsamwise. Nyika "yakanyura" muropa, Zuva rakapera, asi apo kutsamwa kwakapfuura Shiva akamutswazve vose vakafa, panzvimbo yemusoro wakavharwa weDadsha akaisa musoro wembudzi.

Mukadzi wemwari Shiva

Shakti isimba revakadzi, rakasiyana kubva kuShiva, pasina iyo iye Brahman, asina unhu. Mudzimai waShiva Shakti muzviitiko zvepasi pano. Sati anonzi ndiye mudzimai wokutanga, nekuda kwekunyadziswa kweShiva nekunyadziswa nababa vake Daksha, akazvipira kuburikidza nokuzvipira. Sati akaberekwazve muParvati, asi Mahadev akanga asuruvara zvikuru zvokuti akanga asingadi kubva kunze nekufungisisa kwemakore akawanda. Parvati (Uma, Gauri) akaita chisimba chakasimba pane kukunda mwari. Mune zvayo zvinoparadza, Parvati inomiririrwa nemwarikadzikadzi Kali, Durga, Shyama, Chanda.

Vana veShiva

Mhuri yeShiva ndiyo maitiro eShitank, iyo inyanzvi inofarira nyika. Vana veShiva neParati vanoita kuti pave nehuwandu hwezvinhu uye zvemweya:

1. Skanda (Kartikeya) mwanakomana weShiva - mwari matanhatu wemusoro wehondo , akaberekwa akasimba kwazvo zvokuti pazera remakore matanhatu akakunda Asura Tarak.
2. Ganesha ndiMwari ane musoro we nzou, anoremekedzwa semwari wepfuma.
3. Mwanasikana waNarmada, Shiva, mupfungwa yemafungiro: mukufungisisa zvakadzama pagomo reArutakut, Mahadev akaparadzaniswa kubva kune imwe chikamu chechiedza chakashandurwa kuva mhandara Narmada, rwizi rutsvene kuvaHindu.

Legends of Shiva

Kune dzakawanda nhoroondo uye nhoroondo pamusoro peShiva mukuru, kubva pamagwaro kubva kune zvitsvene kumagwaro echiHindu eMahabharata, Bhagavad-gita, Shiva Purana. Imwe yenyaya idzi inoti: kana ichikwira mukaka wegungwa, mudziyo une chepfu wakabuda kubva mukati. Vamwari vakanga vachitya kuti uroyi hwaizoparadza hupenyu hwose. Shiva, kunze kwekunzwa tsitsi, akanwa chepfu, Parvati akamubata nemutsipa kuti achengetedze potion kuti ipinde mudumbu. Mutsipa wakaita senyeredzi yaSiva mutsipa mubhuruu - Nilakantha (sineshey), yakava rimwe remazita aMwari.

Shiva muBuddhism - pane nhoroondo pamusoro peizvi, iyo inotaura kuti mune chimwe chezviitiko zvake Buddha (Namparzig) akadzidza nezvehuporofita: kana akazoonekwazve sechimiro cheBodhisattva - izvi hazvingabatsiri nyika, asi zvakagadzirirwa sechimiro cheMahadev - pachava nekudenga guru zvakanaka. MuTibetan Buddhism, Shiva ndiye mudziviriri wemadzidziso uye anoita tsika ye "Initiation Shiva."