HIV ndeyo inonzi subspecies yekuwana immunodeficiency syndrome. Parizvino, nhamba yevakadzi vanotapukirwa neHIV vane makore ekurera vana iri kukura zvikuru. Chirwere ichi kazhinji chinowanzosvibiswa, kana chikavhiringidzwa nehuwandu hwekuya. Kazhinji, amai vanguva yemberi vachawana nezvekurwara kwake, vachipa mukukurukurirana kwevakadzi kurongwa kwakaitwa HIV. Iyi nhau, chokwadi, inokanda pasi kubva pasi petsoka dzako. Kune huwandu hwekutya: kana mwana wacho achirwereka, zvisinei kuti haazosiyi nherera, izvo vamwe vachataura. Zvisinei, mufambiro wakarurama wemukadzi ane pamuviri, pamwe chete nekuvandudzwa kwezvinoitwa mumishonga, inoita kuti zvive nyore kudzivirira mwana kuti asawana utachiona kubva kuna amai.
Kuongororwa kweHIV mumadzimai ane pamuviri
Chirwere chekuongorora HIV chevakadzi mumamiriro ezvinhu chinoitwa 2-3 nguva yenguva yose yekudzivirira. Kupa ichi kuongororwa kunodikanwa kune amai vose vari mberi. Izvo zvakatanga kufungidzirwa kunoitwa, nemikana yakawanda yekuberekwa kwemwana ane utano.
Kazhinji kacho, vakadzi vanopiwa immunoassayard yeHIV panguva yekuzvitakura. Ropa rinotorwa kubva mumhino, mune serum iyo zvirwere zvinotapukirwa zvinotarirwa. Ichi chidzidzo chinogona kupa mhedzisiro yakanaka uye yenhema. Nhema dzeHIV dzakanaka munguva yekuzvitakura dzinowanikwa kune vakadzi vane nhoroondo yezvirwere zvisingaperi. Mhedzisiro yakaipa yenhema yekudzivirira muviri inokwanisika nehutachiona huchangobva kuitika, apo mutumbi usati watanga zvirwere zve HIV.
Asi kana kuongororwa kwomudzimai weHIV kune hutano mukudzivirira, zvidzidzo zvakanyatsodzidziswa zviri kuitwa kuitira kujekesa chiyero chekudzivirira utachiona uye chimiro chechirwere.
Kuberekwa uye utachiona hweHIV
Kuvharirwa kwemwana kubva kuna amai vane utachiona kunogona kuitika muna 20-40% mukushaiwa kwemishonga. Kune nzira nhatu dzekutapurirwa kwehutachiona hweHIV:
- Kuburikidza ne placenta panguva yekuzvitakura. Kana yakakanganiswa kana inopisa, basa rekudzivirira relacenta harina kunaka.
- Nzira inowanzoitika yekuparidzirwa kwehutachiona hweHIV inenge ichipfuura kuburikidza nekuberekwa kweamai. Panguva ino, mwana achangoberekwa anogona kuonana neropa raamai kana kuti kuvharwa kwechikadzi. Zvisinei, chikamu chekudzivirira hachisi chivimbo chaicho chekuberekwa kwemwana ane utano.
- Kuburikidza nemukaka wamazamu mushure mekusununguka. Amai vane utachiwana hweHIV vachazorega kuyamwisa.
Kune zvikonzero zvinowedzera kukwanisa kwekutapukirwa neHIV panguva yekuzvitakura kumwana. Izvi zvinosanganisira huwandu hwakawanda hwehutachiwana muropa (kana uine hutachiwana nguva pfupi asati awana pamuviri, chirwere chakakomba chechirwere), kusvuta, zvinodhaka, kuita zvepabonde zvisina kudzivirirwa, pamwe chete nemamiriro ehutusi pachayo (kusagadzikana kwezvirwere zvemuviri).
Utachiona hweHIV mumadzimai ane pamuviri hahunovhiringidzi mhinduro yekuzvitakura pachayo. Zvisinei zvipingamupinyi zvinogona kuitika pachikamu chetachiona chechirwere - AIDS, uye pamuviri kunogona kuguma nekuberekwa, kusati kwazvarwa kuberekwa nekuda kwekubuda kwemuviri uye kuputika kweamniotic fluid. Kazhinji mwana anoberekwa ane mashoma mashoma.
Kurapa kweHIV mukudzivirira
Apo HIV inowanikwa, vakadzi vane pamuviri vanorayirwa kurapwa, asi kwete kugadzirisa mamiriro emukadzi, asi kuti kuderedza kuvepo kwehutachiwana hwemucheche. Kubvira pakatanga semester yechipiri, imwe yemishonga inorayirwa kumadzimai emangwana ndeye zidovudine kana azidothymidine. Chirwere ichi chinotorwa muhutano hwose uye pakuberekwa kunosanganisira. Iyo mishonga inopiwa kune mwana achangoberekwa pazuva rokutanga rehupenyu hwake, asi muchimiro chesirasi. Chikamu cheCesarea chichaderedza mikana yekutapurirwa kweHIV munguva 2. Nekuberekwa kwechisikirwo, vanachiremba vanodzivisa kuvharwa kwepineineum kana kuputika kwechidzitiro, uye chirwere chokuberekwa chemukadzi chinogara chichirapwa nemishonga inodhaka. Utachiwana hweHIV panguva yekuzvitakura hausi mutongo. Zvisinei, amai vari mberi vanofanira kutora mutoro wekuraira vanachiremba kudzivirira utachiona hwemwana.