Mhirizhonga yeColombia

Kupfuura munharaunda yeColombia , makomo eAndes achipfuura. Muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba kwenyika, massif mapazi mumasango matatu akafanana, anonzi Eastern, Western uye Central Cordilleras. Iyi nharaunda inozivikanwa nekusimudzika kwepamusoro uye nhamba huru yemakomo, kupera uye kushanda. Izvozvo zvinokonzera kukanganisa kukuru kune zvekurima uye vanhu.

Kupfuura munharaunda yeColombia , makomo eAndes achipfuura. Muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba kwenyika, matavi akabatanidzwa ari mumapata matatu akafanana, anonzi Eastern, Western uye Central Cordilleras. Iyi nharaunda inozivikanwa nekusimudzika kwepamusoro uye nhamba huru yemakomo, kupera uye kushanda. Izvozvo zvinokonzera kukanganisa kukuru kune zvekurima uye vanhu.

Miputi yakakurumbira zvikuru yeColombia

Munyika kune mitsutso yakawanda, iyo ine makomo emakomo ane makanda. Iko chikamu chemapaki uye mapurisa emarudzi , uye pamatope avo ipapo vanogara mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana uye vanokura michero ishoma. Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinokurudzirwa nevanokwira uye vanodikanwa vakashanyira. Miputi yakakurumbira zvikuru yeColombia ndeyi:

  1. Nevado del Huila (Nevado del Huila) - iri mumatare eTolima, Uila neCauca. Iko gomo guru, iyo yakakwirira iri pahupamhi hwe 5365 m.Iine chimiro chakakomberedzwa uye chakafukidzwa nechando. Gomo racho rakavata kwemakore anenge 500, uye mugore ra2007 rakatanga kuratidza basa nenzira yemadota uye kudengenyeka kwenyika. MunaEpril kwakange kune kuputika kweNevado del Huila: kwakanga kusina vakuvadzwa, uye vanenge 4000 vagari vati vabva munzvimbo dziri pedyo.
  2. Kumbal inonzi stratovolcano inoshingaira, inonzi inofanirwa nechokumaodzanyemba munyika uye ndeyeDhipatimendi reNariño. Kureba kwayo pamusoro pegungwa ndiko 4764 m, uye masitope anofukidzwa nemhando dzakawanda uye maruva anoyerera. Chimiro chegomo ndecheko yakagadzirwa, yakavezwa korona ye extrusion ya dacite.
  3. Cerro Machín - iri mukati kumadokero chikamu chehurumende, chikamu cheNational Park Los Nevados uye inhengo yedhipatimendi reTolima. Stratovolcano ine mapuranga akawanda, yakakwirira kupfuura iyo inosvika 2750 m pamusoro pegungwa. Iine chimiro chekoni uye inoumbwa nematanda akawanda ehutu, tephra uye rakaoma rava. Munharaunda yakawanda yemisha, saka gomo iri nderimwe dambudziko rakawanda panyika. Basa rayo rakawedzera muna 2004, uye kuputika kwekupedzisira kunoitika pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi13.
  4. Nevado del Ruiz (Nevado del Ruiz kana El Mesa waHerveo) - inotanga kutanga pakati pezvipembenene zvinopisa zvikuru kuSouth America. MuColombia inonzi "inouraya", sezvo muna 1985 mhirizhonga yakareva upenyu hwevanhu vanopfuura 23 000 (Tragedy Armero). Ikoko kune gomo munzvimbo dzeTolima neCaldas, nzvimbo yakakwirira inosvika 5400 m pamusoro pegungwa. Yakaputirwa mumazana emakore-glaciers akare, ane chimiro chekoni, ndeyomutauro wePlinian uye ine zvikamu zvakakura zve tephra, pyroclastic rocks uye rakaoma lava. Nguva yeNevado del Ruiz inodarika 2 mamiriyoni emakore.
  5. Azufral (Azufral de Tuquerres) - stratovolcano, iyo iri munharaunda yedhipatimendi yeNariño. Nharaunda yayo inosvika 4070 m. Pedyo nemakomo dambudziko reimba yevava uye makata ane chidimbu chemakiromita maviri nemaviri kusvika ku3 akaumbwa. Vakasimuka munguva yeHolocene (anenge makore 3 600 apfuura). Kune rumwe rutivi rweAzufral ndiLake Laguna Verde. Muna 1971, kwaiva nokudengenyeka ikoko (kanenge makumi matanhatu), uye basa re fumarolic rakanyorwa pamatope.
  6. Cerro Bravo (Cerro Bravo) - iri munharaunda ye National Park Los Nevados uye ndeyedunhu reTolima. Stratovolcano yakaumbwa panguva yePleistocene, inonyanya kunyorwa nema dacite uye inosvika pakakwirira mamita 4000. Nguva yekupedzisira yakatanga kuitika mukati memazana emakore XVIII-XIX. Hapana chirongwa chakanyorwa chakachengetedzwa, asi izvi zvinoratidzwa nehudhiocarbon. Nhasi, gomo rinoratidzika ne ejection ye pyroclastic inoyerera, semugumisiro wekuti dome yakaumbwa pano.
  7. Cerro Negro de Mayasquer (Cerro Negro de Mayasquer) - iri muDhipatimendi reNariño, pamuganhu pamwe nenyika yeEcuador . Pamusoro pegomo kune kona, uko kune kemhara, inozarura kumavirazuva. Munharaunda yakaumbwa dziva duku, pedyo nemhenderekedzo kune dzakawanda fumaroles. Nguva yekupedzisira stratovolcano yakatanga muna 1936. Ichokwadi, masayendisiti haasi kunyatsoziva kuti basa racho rakaratidzwa neCroro Negro de Mayasker, kwete reventador yakavakidzana.
  8. Doña Juana - iri muDhipatimendi reNariño, ine 2 calderas uye inosvika kumaodzanyemba-kumaodzanyemba nekuchamhembe-kumabvazuva. Icho chinoputika ne-andesite-dacite, iyo hurukuro iyo inobatanidza huwandu hwemvura. Akanga achishanda kubvira muna 1897 kusvika muna 1906, apo kukura kwedome kwakange kune pamwe nekukura kukuru kwepasi. Panguva yekuputika kwevanhu, vanhu vanopfuura zana vakafa kubva mumisha yakapoteredza. Gomo racho rinoramba richionekwa sechishanda.
  9. Romeral (Romeral) - iyi ndiyo yekuchamhembe stratovolcano munyika ino, iri pedyo neguta reAransasu muDhipatimendi reCaldas. Iyo ndeyomuRuiz Tolima massif, uye dombo regneous rinosanganisira andesite uye dacite. Iyo mhepo inoputika inoratidzika nokuputika kweplynian, iyo yakaguma mune zvinyorwa zvepumice, zvakaparadzana nehupamhi hwevhu.
  10. Sotara (Volcán Sotará) - iri muruwa rweCauca, pedyo neguta rePapayán uye ndeyeCentral Cordillera. Iyo yakakwirira yegomo iri 4580 m pamusoro pegungwa. Iine 3 calderas, iyo inopa iyo isina kumira yakafanana. Pamusoro pemitenho kune chitubu cheRwizi Patia. Gomo iri rine basa rekushongedza uye fumarolic, uye nzvimbo yekucherechedza inogara ichinyora zvakare basa rekusimudzira.
  11. Galeras (Galeras) - iri muDhipatimendi reNariño, pedyo neguta rePasto. Inzvimbo ine simba uye yakakura ine mhirizhonga yakakura uye yakareba 4276 m.Upamusoro hwaro hwaro hunopfuura makiromita makumi maviri, uye chikamu chacho chakaenzana nemamita 320. Gungwa rakaumbwa mairi rakadzika rinenge mamiriyoni 80. Panguva yekuputika kwekupedzisira muna 1993, vanhu 9 vakaurayiwa pamusoro (6 vatsvakurudzi nevatashanyi vatatu). Mumakore akatevera, hapana kuurayiwa kwaionekwa, asi vanhu vakabudiswa kaviri kubva munzvimbo yengozi.
  12. Nevado del Tolima - yakaumbwa makore makumi mana emakore apfuura, nekuputika kwekupedzisira kwakaitika muna 1600 BC. Stratovulkan iri munharaunda ye National Park Los Nevados, muDhipatimendi reTolima. Masango ayo akafukidzwa nemasango nemafuro, pane zvipfuwo zvinodyisa. Ndizvo zvakanakisisa kuenda kugomo kubva kuguta reIbague.
  13. Purase (Puracé) inoputika mhepo inoputika iri munharaunda ye National Park yezita rimwechete muCentral Cordillera, mudunhu reCauca. Nzvimbo yacho yakakwirira iri pahupamhi hwema 4756 m. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yegomo iri yakavharwa nechando uye ine maitiro akafanana. Nharaunda yacho inoratidzwa nehuwandu hwe fumaroles uye sulfuric thermal springs. Muzana remakore rechi20, maiva nemapapiro gumi nemaviri.