Mitemo yekutanga yekufunga kwakanaka yave ichizivikanwa kubvira panguva yaAristotle. Uye zvisinei kuti iwe nemudzimai wako mave nemakore mangani, mabasa enyu ndeapi, mitemo yemagariro evanhu uye kunyange izvo zvamunofunga pamusoro pemagariro evanhu vazhinji, mitemo iyi inoramba ichishanda uye haigoni kuchinjwa kana kubviswa.
Tinoshandisa mitemo yekufunga kwakanaka zuva nezuva. Uye kunyange vasingazivi nguva dzose vanocherechedza kana pane imwe nguva vanoputsika. Kubva pakuona kwepfungwa, kusachengetedza kwemitemo yekutanga ndiyo dambudziko rekufunga .
Mutemo wehuzivi
Uyu mutemo unoti chero chero pfungwa inofanana nayo. Mutsara wega wega unofanirwa kuva nechinangwa chisinganzwisisiki, chinonzwisisika kune interlocutor. Mashoko anofanira kushandiswa chete muzvokwadi yavo, chinangwa chinangwa. Kugadziriswa kwemashoko, puns zvakare kunoreva kukanganisa kwemitemo inokosha yekufunga kwakanaka. Apo imwe nyaya yekukurukurwa inotsiviwa neimwe, rutivi rumwe runoita pfungwa yakasiyana, asi hurukuro inonzwisiswa sekukurukura kwechinhu chimwe chete. Kakawanda, kushandiswa kunoitwa nemaune uye kune chinangwa chokutsausa munhu nekuda kwechimwe chakanaka.
Mumutauro weRussia kune mazwi mazhinji akafanana mukurira uye kunyange kupereta, asi zvakasiyana mukureva (homonyms), saka zvinoreva mazwi akadaro zvinoratidzwa kubva mumugariro. Semuenzaniso: "Nguvo dzemucheka kubva munyama" (tiri kutaura nezvehuni) uye "Dug mink" (kubva pakurongeka zviri pachena kuti mumutsara uyu zvinoreva burrow yemhuka).
Kugadziriswa kwezvinoreva chirevo kunokonzera kukanganisa kwemutemo wekuzivikanwa, nekuda kwekusava nekusawirirana kune chikamu chekubatana, kukakavadzana kana kusarudzo kwakaipa.
Kazhinji mutemo wekuzivikanwa unoputsika nekuda kwechirevo chisina kujeka chezvinoreva kukurukurirana. Dzimwe nguva shoko rimwe mumufananidzo wevanhu mumwe nomumwe rinoreva zvakasiyana zvachose. Semuenzaniso, "erudite" uye "vakadzidza" vanowanzoonekwa sechinyatsofanana uye vasingashandisi mukureva kwavo.
Mutemo wekusapesana
Kuenderera mberi kubva pamurairo uyu, zvinotevera kuti ne chokwadi cheimwe yemafungiro anopesana, mamwe ose angave ari nhema, pasinei nenhamba yavo. Asi kana imwe yemafungiro acho ndeechokwadi, izvi hazvirevi kuti zvakasiyana zvichave zvechokwadi. Somuenzaniso: "Hapana munhu anofunga kudaro" uye "Munhu wese anofunga saizvozvo". Muchiitiko ichi, kuora kwepfungwa yekutanga hakusi kuratidza chokwadi chechipiri. Mutemo wekusapesana unoshanda chete kana mutemo wekuzivikanwa uchicherechedza, kana zvinoreva zvekukurukurirana zvisingaverengeki.
Pano panewo pfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana dzisingarambi. "Vakabva" uye "vakauya" zvinogona kushandiswa mumutsara mumwe chete nekuchengetwa kwenguva kana nzvimbo. Somuenzaniso: "Vakasiya cinema ndokuuya kumba." Asi panguva imwe chete hazvibviri kusiya uye kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo. Hatigoni kuitika panguva imwechete tichitaura chiitiko uye tinoramba.
Mutemo weiyo isina kubviswa kwechitatu
Kana imwe chirevo chiri nhema, zvinyorwa zvinopesana zvichava zvechokwadi. Muenzaniso: "Ndine vana," kana kuti "Handina vana." Nzira yechitatu haigoni. Vana havagoni kuve dzidziso kana zvinyorwa. Uyu mutemo unoreva kusarudzwa kwe "kana-kana" kana ". Zvose zvinopesana nemashoko hazvirevi nhema, uyewo hazvigoni kuva dzechokwadi panguva imwe chete. Kusiyana nemutemo wekare wekufunga kwakarurama, pano tiri kutaura kwete nezvekupikisa, asi pamusoro pemafungiro akasiyana.
Mutemo wechikonzero chakanaka
Mutemo wechina wekufunga kwakarurama wakawanikwa munguva pfupi kupfuura yapfuura. Izvi zvinotevera kuti chero fungiro inofanira kuve yakarurama. Kana mashoko acho asina kunyatsosimbiswa uye asina kuonekwa, zvingasazofungidzirwa, nokuti ichaonekwa sere. Kusiyanisa kune maitiro uye mitemo, nokuti yakatosimbiswa nemakore mazhinji ehupenyu hwevanhu uye inoonekwa sechokwadi iyo haisisina chero uchapupu.
Hapana chirevo, hapana chikonzero kana chikonzero chinogona kuonekwa sechokwadi kunze kwekuti vane uchapupu hwakakwana.