Munhu chii-pfungwa dzevazivi vekare nevanofunga vakaedza kuziva kuti mune munhu pane izvo zvakadai kuti zvinogona kurondedzerwa sechimwe chinhu chakaitika, sekugara kwenguva refu ichizivikanwa kuti munhu haana kuberekwa, asi anova. Murondedzeri weRussia V. Bryusov akataura nezvehuunhu sehumwe munhu mumwe nomumwe akafanana nevamwe.
Unhu hwemunhu chii?
Ndeupi munhu - tsanangudzo yemutauro uyu yakawanda uye inogona kunge yakaita seyi: "unhu" - mutakuri wehutungamiri hwega, achizviratidza mukubatana nesangano uye nekukura mukukurukurirana nevamwe. Unhu hwakakwana hupi? Kuva munhu akadaro - kunosanganisira kupinda muukama nekuzadzisa mabasa ako evanhu, kuremekedza vanhu nekuona kune wese munhu.
Pfungwa yeunhu muhupfungwa
Izwi rokuti "unhu" unhu hunobva pa lat. persona - mask akapfekedzwa nemutambi wekare yeGreek theatre. Icho chinotarisa kuti munhu rudzi rwe "mask" iyo munhu anopfeka paanoenda munzanga. Iyi tsanangudzo yakakonzera kusiyanisa zvakasiyana-siyana mumagariro nemitemo inotevera:
- kutarisa mumuviri;
- charm;
- charisma ;
- mukurumbira;
- status.
Chii chinhu muhutano hwepfungwa - nzira dzakasiyana dzepfungwa dzinojekesa uye kuona "unhu" hunobva pakurongeka kweshoko ravo, asi pane zvose izvi pfungwa iyi inogona kurondedzerwa seinotevera:
- unhu-munhu ane chimiro chepfungwa, maitiro uye unhu hunokosha kwaari chete;
- unhu-chinhu chinoshandiswa nesangano revanhu chinotungamirira hupenyu hwayo, inokwanisa kuvaka mabasa ayo uye inonyatsokodzera mashoko nemabasa ayo
Urongwa hwehupenyu muhupfungwa
Unhu hwepfungwa mune zvepfungwa dzakasangana nematambudziko ekugadzirisa unhu uye maitiro epfungwa, ayo akawanda aripo, akaoma nekupikisana kwevepfungwa dzepfungwa dzemakakatani akasiyana pamusoro pekubatana kwehutano hwevanhu uye zvehupenyu muhupenyu hwevanhu, saka kusarudzwa kwehutano hwemunhu humwe hunopedzisa uye hunovhenekera huripo huripo .
Unhu hwehutano hweK.K. Platonov ine zvinyorwa zvina:
- Biopsychic - masikirwo, hutano, zvepabonde nezera remakore.
- Psychological - munhu mumwechete wehutano hwekuziva, kutaura kwekunzwa uye manzwiro.
- Zvemagariro - ruzivo runowedzera rwekushandurana neshamwari, kuwanikwa kwehutano hwakanaka uye mano.
- Kukurudzira - mutungamiri weumwe munhu, unosanganisira nyikaview uye worldview, zvitendero nemitemo, zvido uye kuzviisa.
Mamiriro ehupenyu hwa Freud:
- Id (Ono) - nyanzvi, nheyo dzesayenzi dzehupenyu dzinoshanda musingazivi (kudya, kurara, zvepabonde). Id inopesana, isinganzwisisiki nyanzvi simba.
- Igo (I) inokura kunze kweEid uye inoedza kuziva zvido zvinobva kwairi. Ego ndiyo inotungamirira pakuita zvisarudzo uye inopindirana pakati peIdhi uye nharaunda umo mitemo inoshandiswa. Icho chinotenderera pane chokwadi chaicho uye chinotsvaka kuzadzika kwechido mune nzira dzinopfurikidza.
- I-superego (iyo Self kumusoro ) inokurudzirwa muhutano hwehukama - hutsika uye hutsika hwomunhu hunosanganisira hana uye zvakanaka. Hana inoumbwa pasi pesimba revabereki, kuranga nekusateerera, uye ego-yakanaka inokura, pane zvinopesana - kubva pamvumo.
Mhando dzeunhu muhupfungwa
Unhu hwehutano hwepfungwa hwepfungwa hunovakirwa pane kugoverwa kwehumwe humwe hunhu hweunhu. Kuenzanisa uye kugoverwa mumarudzi kune zvakawanda, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti zvikamu zvose zvakagadziriswa uye zvinongoratidzira chete kuenzanirana kwekukosha, saka hapana mavara akachena, munhu anozviona ari mumagariro anotsanangurwa mune chimwe chinhu chinokodzera zvaanotaura zvinotsanangurwa, mune imwe nzira zvishoma.
Rudzi rweunhu nehutano (nheyo yeHippocrates):
- kunyauka - kunowedzera kuora mwoyo, kuora mwoyo;
- sanguine - a cheerful optimist , kuenzanisa, kushanda uye nguva dzose mukutsvaga basa;
- choleric - "bilious" yakasiyana nemunhu wakajeka, unongowedzera kutsamwa nekutsamwa;
- plinggmatic - kuenzanisa, kugadzikana, kuratidzira kunonoka, inertia, kwete kuparadzanisa manzwiro nemanzwiro.
Mhando dzehutano Holland:
- rusununguko - chinangwa chekubatana neshamwari;
- chiito - mutungamiri wemurume, akadanwa kuti atungamirire, achitungamirira boka;
- Unyanzvi -hukwezva kutarisa, kuchinja uye kubudisa manzwiro nemanzwiro;
- nyanzvi - munhu-scientist, muongorori wematauriro akasiyana ezvisikwa, zvinhu, zviitiko;
- anochengetedza - anoda sarudzo, systematization;
- Ichokwadi - murume wezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, anogadzira kana anoshanda nezvinhu zvezvinhu, teknolojia.
Unhu hwehupenyu hwepfungwa
Chii chingazivikanwa kana ini ndichichirondedzera muimba? Zvinonyanya kukoshesa unhu hwepfungwa zvinotsanangura zvinhu sechinhu chakachengeteka chepfungwa, chinokanganisa mabasa evanhu uye chinoratidzira kubva kumagariro evanhu-mupfungwa. Zvinhu zveunhu ndezvi:
- maitiro - kubatana kwezvinangwa, zvido, zvido, zviito kune chinangwa;
- zvinoda - izvo izvo munhu wacho anoda, anozvikurudzira kuti zviite kugutsa zvido izvi zvekunyama kana zvekunamata;
- chinangwa - chikonzero chemukati chemunhu kuti aite chiito, zvinyorwa zvechinangwa zvinoenderana nezvinangwa zvinangwa.
Nzira dzekudzidza unhu mune zvepfungwa
Dambudziko rehupenyu muhupfungwa hwepfungwa rakabva kubva pakuti nzira dzose dzinoratidza huwandu hunokosha, uye chidzidzo chega chega chinobatsira uye chinotyisa. Unhu hwemunhu hwakawanda uye haugoni kuiswa mumhando ipi zvayo, iyo yakagadzirirwa nenzira dzakasiyana, kuongororwa nekutsvakurudza, saka basa rekuvaziva nderokuda, mano, uye maitiro.
Nzira dzehupenyu tsvakurudzo:
- Kucherechedza . Zvinhu zvakasikwa zvinowanikwa muhupenyu hwemamiriro ezvinhu. Munda - unotora mamiriro ezvinhu ekuedzwa mukati meimwe basa.
- Kubvunzurudzwa (kubvunzurudzwa) . Yakagadziriswa - mibvunzo yakakosha, isina kusimbiswa yakabva pamibvunzo yakazaruka, inokurudzira zvakawanda kutaura pamusoro pavo pachavo .
- Matanho akaenzana . Kudzidza kweunhu hunoenderana nemhinduro dzemibvunzo pamusoro pekuedzwa ("hongu", "kwete", "handizivi").
- Kuedza . Iyo nzira inoshandiswa kakawanda muboka uye nguva dzose inotevera basa rakadaro, somuenzaniso, kuongorora humwe mumamiriro ezvinhu ehondo.
- Correlation method . Kugadzira ukama pakati pemarudzi. Iyo nzira inobatsira kuziva hukama uye kupindura mibvunzo inobvunzwa.
- Projective nzira . Nhamba yavo yakasiyana-siyana: mifananidzo yekuenzanisa uye yekuyananisa, nzira yemashoko asina kushandiswa.
Unhu hunokurudzirwa chii?
Unhu hupi hwakasimba - mubvunzo uyu unogadzirirwa nevanhu vakatanga nzira yekuzvigadzirisa uye ruzivo, avo vakasarudza kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo. Unhu hunobudirira hunotanga muhuduku uye hunoenderana nekurima uye kukurudzirwa kwehumwe hutano mumunhu, izvi zvinotungamirirwa nedzidzo nekudzidziswa. Unhu hunoenderana hunowedzera zvakakwana: mumuviri, mupfungwa, mutsika uye mumweya.
Chii chinonzi hukama hwevanhu?
Unhu hwepfungwa hahupindirani nehutano hwevanhu, hunomiririra hutano hwekufananidzwa nemunhu wemitemo, mitemo, zvinyorwa uye zvinodiwa zvevanhu pamwe nekukwanisa kwevanhu mumasangano nenzira yekushandurwa kwakasiyana-siyana uye kukura kwomunhu pachake. Ndeipi nzvimbo yehupfumi yemunhu chinhu chinoita basa guru muhutano hwevanhu, zvinoreva kuti kuiswa mune rimwe boka revanhu, kana sangano - zvinogona kuva nemitemo yakawanda.
Chii chinonzi hutano hutsinye?
Mafungiro ehupenyu hwomunhu aisazove akakwana kudai hupenyu hwake hwakakwana, hwakagadzikana hwakakanganiswa. Kune zvikonzero zvinoverengeka, kune kutsauka kubva pane zvisizvo, zvinofungidzirwa nevarapi vezvepfungwa sechirwere kana psychopathology. Dzimwe nguva pfungwa dzekugara uye hutachiona dzakasvibiswa. Unhu hunokonzera hutano hunokonzera kusagadzikana kwehutano uye kuparadzwa kwehutano hwomunhu.
Chii chinonzi kuparadzaniswa kweunhu
Dissociative disorder kana hutano huzhinji - psychopathology, umo vanhu vanoverengeka vanogara mumuviri womunhu kamwechete. Mumwe muenzaniso ndiBillly Milligan anozivikanwa, uyo "ane" vanhu 24, vaviri vavo vakazvibata zvakasiyana. Unhu hupi hwakaparadzaniswa - zviratidzo:
- kuvapo kwehuviri kana humwe humwe huri mukati memunhu;
- Munhu mumwe nomumwe ane unhu hwake, chiyeuchidzo, uye haazive pamusoro pekuvapo kweumwe, izvi zvinotsanangura kukundikana kwekuyeuka panguva ye "kutora" uye kutonga kweimwe yehuunhu;
- nezera, nhamba yehupenyu inowedzera.
Chii chinosvibisa unhu?
Unhu hunyanzvi mune zvepfungwa hunoenderana nekukura kwayo, hunoenderana nehupenyu hwezvinhu zvakasikwa uye matarenda. Unhu hwakakwana hunogara huri mukugadzirisa. Unhu hupi mukugadzirisa? Kusvibiswa inzira yekudzivirira kwehutano hwehuchenjeri, mano, mabasa, kusuruvara kwemanzwiro uye manzwiro. Inokura zvishoma nezvishoma, danho rokupedzisira rekuora mwoyo ndeye marasmus . Zvinokonzera:
- kudhakwa, kudhakwa kwezvinodhaka;
- chirwere chepfungwa;
- severe craniocerebral damage;
- pathological age change.