Dzidza nezvemamwe emifananidzo yakakurumbira yatakagona kuona nekujekesa "pasi pasi".
Vazhinji vanyori vanoisa mumapapiro avo chimwe chinhu chakavanzika, chakavanzika kana chirahwe iyo vatsoropodzi nevamwe vadzidzisi vanoedza kududzira nguva.
1. Hieronymus Bosch, Garden of Earthly Delights, 1500-1510.
Jerun van Aken akasaina mapeji ake "Hieronymus Bosch". Akanga ari munhu anoita zvakanaka uye aiva nhengo dzehama dzeKaturike dzaamai vaMwari. Asi zvisinei, zvichida kumashure kwekunze kwaErun van Aken akachengeta minwe yake ikayambuka, nokuti maererano nemafungiro evanyori vezvakaitika kare, Bosch aive muhedheni uye aiva weboka reAdhamu uye naizvozvo aive chido cheku Qatari chitendero.
Mumazuva iwayo, Chechi yeKaturike kwose kwose yairwisana neCathars, uye munyori wacho aifanira kuviga zvaaidavira. Zvisinei, maererano nevatsoropodzi vehupopoteredza nyika yose, mufirimu "Garden of Earthly Delights" ndiyo chaiyo chitendero chake chakavanzika chevanyengeri, umo anotaura pamusoro pezvinodzidziswa neCathars, iyo yakave yakavharwa. Asi kana vanhu venguva yake vaifungidzira izvi, zvino Bosch, asina kodzero yekururamiswa, aizotsva padanda.
2. Tivadar Kostka Chontwari, Old Fisherman, 1902
Kuti tinyatsonzwisisa pfungwa yemufananidzo uyu, taifanira kuisa girazi pakati. Munguva yehupenyu hwomunyori, iyi haisi pikicha yemwana uye haikwanisi kuiona. Asi apo vatsoropodzi vemazuva ano vakauya kuzofunga nezvekushanda negirazi, vakashamiswa nezvavakaona, sechimwe chifananidzo chakaratidza zviso zvitatu kamwechete. Yokutanga ndiyo chiso chaicho cheredzi wekare, wechipiri uye wechitatu uhu hwake hwakavanzika: dhimoni (rinoratidzwa pafudzi roruboshwe) uye kunaka (kunoratidzwa pafudzi rorudyi).
3. Hendrik van Antonissen, Maonero emhenderekedzo yegungwa ye Scheveningen, 1641.
Apo ngarava yaipinda mu musimusi sechipo kubva kune mufundisi uye chikamu chenguva yakaunganidza mu 1873, ipapo mumufananidzo vanhu vakaungana mumamiriro ekunze akaipa vakatarisa kungova mugungwa. Izvi hazvina kukanganisa ruzivo rwevanyori, sezvo zvakanga zvisinganzwisisi zvinogona kukwezva vanhu kumahombekombe mumamiriro akaipa emamiriro okunze.
Chakavanzika chakaratidzwa gare gare nekudzorerwa kwakanyatso. Apo akajekeswa nema X-rays, mufananidzo wacho wakaratidza chitunha chewhale, chakakandwa pamahombekombe aya. Uye zvakabva zvava pachena kuti yakakwezva vanhu vose ava. Mushure mekudzorerwa, whale yakaonekwa pamifananidzo iyo, uye iyi nyanzvi yakave yakanyanya kufadza, saka yakapiwa nzvimbo inokudzwa kupfuura yaimbova. Nokuda kwekudzorera vatongi, whale yaigona kupukunyuka uye yakanyatsorongedzwa nemufananidzo iyeye, uyo aifunga kuti havasi vose vanozofunga kufungidzira chisikwa chegungwa chakafa pamufananidzo.
4. Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, 1495-1498.
Apo muenzi wacho akaumba iyi inyanzvi, zvikuru yezvose akarerechedza kune mifananidzo huru - Kristu naJudhasi. Akange asina kukwanisa kuwana vatambi vakakodzera kwenguva yakareba, asi rimwe zuva akasangana nomusikana muduku muchechi yeyaire uye akatevedzera mufananidzo waKristu kubva kwaari. Zvisinei, aifanira kutarisa murume nokuda kwechimiro chaJudhasi kwemamwe makore matatu, kusvikira munyori wacho akasangana newadhadha akarara mumvura.
Yaiva murume wechidiki, uyo maitiro ake akatsausa kudhakwa kwekudhakwa. Uye apo, mushure mekunge madhaini achinetseka akatanga kunyora pamwe naye mufananidzo waJudhasi, mudhakwa akati akanga atomubvunza kare makore 3 apfuura. Zvakabva zvaitika kuti murume uyu akawa akanga ari mucheche wechidiki uyo akakumbira mufananidzo waKristu.
5. Rembrandt, Night Watch, 1642
Mufananidzo mukuru wemuongorori wakawanikwa chete muzana remakore reXIX, mushure mekunge akashanyira mahofisi akakurumbira enyika pasi peti "Night Watch". Akagovera musoro kune mifananidzo nokuti yakaita sokuti zviyero zviri kuita maererano nemasikati, izvo zvinoreva - usiku. Uye chete nechepakati pezana remakore rechimakumi maviri rezvekudzorera vakaona kuti mifananidzo nguva nenguva yakafukidzwa nesheji yejasi. Mushure mokubvisa chimiro ichi, zvakava pachena kuti chiitiko chinoitika masikati, sezvo mumvuri unowa kubva kuruoko rworuboshwe rweKaptain Cock unoratidza kuti nguva yechiito chacho inenge 14.00.
6. Henri Matisse, Bhowa, 1937
Muna 1967, mufananidzo waHenry Matisse "Bhowa" ra1937 yakaratidzwa muMuscow yeNew York. Zvisinei, shure kwemazuva makumi maviri nemaviri, mumwe wevanyori akacherechedza nezvekuti mufananidzo wacho unogona kunge wakaiswa "kumusoro". Zvinhu zvinokosha zvemufananidzo ndezvi 2 zvikepe, chimwe chazvo chinoratidzwa mumvura. Saka, muchirongwa chakanaka, ngarava huru inofanira kuva yakakwirira, uye nharaunda yayo inofanira kutarisa kune chinangwa chepamusoro kona yekona.
7. Vincent van Gogh, Self-portrait ne tube, 1889.
Panzeve yakateurwa yevan van Gogh, nhau dzatoenda. Vazhinji vanoti akazvicheka iye pachake, asi shanduro yepamutemo yakatendwa yakagamuchirwa, kuti nzeve yakatambudzwa nemuenzi muhondo shoma nemumwe muenzi - Paul Gauguin. Chakavanzika chemufananidzo uyu ndechokuti mufananidzo wacho aive achizvionera pikicha yake kubva muchiratidziro muchionioni: nzeve yakarurama yakasungirirwa mumufananidzo, asi chaizvoizvo yakakanganiswa nenzeve yake kuruboshwe.
8. Grant Wood, American Gothic, 1930
Mumufananidzo weAmerica, mufananidzo uyu, uye zviso zvakasuruvara uye zvinosuruvarisa zvevanhu veIowa, zvinonzi inosuruvara uye inodzvinyirira. Mushure mokunge tambo yakaratidzwa muChicago paArt Institute, vatongi havana kumupa mubairo mukuru pakarepo uye vakaverengwa sechimiro chemufananidzo. Zvisinei, muchengeti wemuyu museum akashamisika uye akatenda kuti mifananidzo yevagari vekumaruwa panguva iyoyo inoratidzwa pano. Akakonzera mugumisiro wekutsvaga kwekupedzisira, uye pakupedzisira Grant Wood akawana mubayiro we $ 300, mushure mokunge musamuziyamu akazotenga mufananidzo uyu. Saka mufananidzo wakawira pamapepanhau.
Zvisinei, ichi chifananidzo hachina kukonzera kukudzwa kwakadaro, sekunyorwa kwemu museum, pakati pevagari venyika yeIowa. Pane zvakasiyana, gungwa rekutsoropodza rakawira pamusoro pebasa iri, uye Aiovtsi vakagumburwa zvikuru, kuti mufananidzo wacho akavaratidza mumatambudziko akadai uye akaora mwoyo. Gare gare, munyori wacho akatsanangura kuti achipfuura nenyika yeIowa, akasangana neimba inofadza yakachena, yakagadzirwa nenzira yekuveza Gothic, uye akasarudza kugadzira vagari vayo paaifunga, uye haana kuda kugumbura vagari venyika ino.
Muenzi uyu akazarura mazita evatters kubva kwaakanyora mifananidzo: musikana ari mubhandi risingagadziki ainyora kubva kune hanzvadzi yake, uye murume akadzama ane utano hwakaoma ndiye chiremba wemazino, uyo muhupenyu haataridzi zvakadaro. Zvisinei, hanzvadzi Wood yakaramba isingagutsikani, yakataura kuti mumufananidzo angave akanganisa nokuda kwomudzimai kaviri murume mukuru. Nokudaro, chete nemashoko ake inofungidzirwa kuti chitubu chinoratidza baba nemwanasikana, asi munyori haana kutaura pamusoro payo.
9. Salvador Dali, mhandara mhandara inopa kuSodhoma chivi nekubatsirwa nenyanga dzaro dzakachena, 1954.
Kusvikira musangano neGala weSalvador Dali waiva museki uye muzana-time model hanzvadzi yake Anna Maria. Uye muna 1925 mifananidzo "Mufananidzo neWhenow" yakabudiswa. Asi rimwe zuva munyori akashinga kubva pamashoko ekutuka pane rimwe remabasa ake pamusoro peiamai vavo: "Dzimwe nguva ndinopfira mate mufananidzo weamai vangu, uye zvinondifadza." Nokuda kwekunyengera uku kunotyisa musikana haana kukwanisa kumuregerera, shure kwaizvozvo ukama hwavo hukaderera.
Uye apo Anna Maria muna 1949 akabudisa bhuku rake rinonzi "Salvador Dali kuburikidza neSista's Eyes," haana kutsanangura kukudzwa kwemuenzi wacho, izvo zvakaita kuti El Salvador pachake ashatire. Uye, maererano nenyanzvi, mukuzvitsivira kwehanzvadzi yebhuku muna 1954, munyori akakanganisa akaumba mufananidzo "Mhandara mhandara inopa kuSodhoma chivi nekubatsirwa nenyanga dzayo dzakachena." Mumufananidzo uyu, nzvimbo yekunze kwehwindo, zvitsvuku zvakatsvuka uye hwindo rakazaruka zvakanyatsopindirana nemufananidzo "Mufananidzo kunze kweWhenow."
10. Rembrandt Harmens van Rijn, Danae, 1636-1647
Munguva yekudzorera basa mumakore makumi matanhatu ezana remakore rechi20, mufananidzo wacho wakatsvairwa ne X-rays, mushure mezvo wakazozivikanwa kuti Danae ane zviso zviviri. Pakutanga, chiso chemukadzi wacho chakanyorwa kubva mumufananidzo wemudzimai wemufananidzo Saskia. Zvisinei, mudzimai wake akafa muna 1642, uye mushure mekufa kwake, Rembrandt akatanga kugara nahosikadzi wake Hertie Dirks. Nokudaro, mufananidzo wacho wakapedzerwa nemufananidzo wacho atobva kwaari, uye chiso chaDanae chakashanduka, chakafanana nemufananidzo waDilks.
11. Leonardo da Vinci, Mufananidzo waMadame Lisa del Giocondo, 1503-1519.
Munyika yose, Mona Lisa anoonekwa akakwana, uye kunyemwerera kwake kune tsitsi uye kunoshamisa. Chakavanzika chemwemwemwemwe uyu chakanga chakaedzwa kuti chigadzirise unyanzvi hwemifananidzo uye panguva imwecheteyo mazino maAmerican Joseph Borkowski. Maererano nenyanzvi yake, maonero akaiswa mberi kuti "Mona Lisa akaisvonaka" anosemwerera zvisingazivikanwi nokuda kwechikonzero chimwe chete - harina meno akawanda. Achidzidza zvidimbu zvakapararira zvemuromo wake, Josefa akatotarisa zvikomba zvakamupoteredza, saka anotaura kuti chimwe chinhu chakaitika kune heroine, sechikonzero chekuti akarasikirwa nemeno akawanda. Uye kunyemwerera kwake kunowanikwa kune murume asina mazino apamberi.
12. Ferdinand Victor Eugene Delacroix, Rusununguko Pamitambo, 1830
Munyori wenhau dzakaitika kare Etienne Julie anotenda kuti mufananidzo weRuberty wakanyorwa kubva mukurumbira mukurumbira wenguva iyo Anna Charlotte, uyo aivewo wevanhu vakawanda uye wainzi washerwoman nebasa. Uyu mukadzi akaora mwoyo akaenda kumigero uye akauraya mazana mapfumbamwe eumambo. Pakutsunga kwakadaro kwakashinga, kufa kwehanzvadzi yake, iyo yakawira mumaoko evarindi, akamumutsa. Chifukidzo chisina chinhu muRusununguko mumufananidzo zvinoreva kuti demokarasi uye rusununguko pachavo zvakafanana nemunhu anogara asingashandisi corsets.
13. Kazimir Malevich, Black Suprematist Square, 1915
Vamwe vanhu vanotaura kuti simba rekunzwisisa kuBlack Square yeMalevich. Zvisinei, sezvazvakaitika, munyori haana kuisa chero magizimu mumufananidzo uyu, uye mufananidzo wacho chaizvoizvo wainzi "Hondo yeNigroes muGomba Remafu". Mutsara wakadaro wakawanikwa nevadzidzisi veTrtyakov Gallery.
Nzvimbo yacho yakashandurwa kuti isiri yakakosha, sezvo hakuna rumwe rutivi rwakafanana kune rumwe, asi harusi kuregererwa kwechimiro, asi chido chake chekuumba fomu yepamusoro yefomu. Uye dema ndeye mugumisiro wekusanganisa mavara emhando dzakasiyana. Zvingangodaro, Malevich akaita saizvozvo pamufananidzo wemumwe muvakidzani Alfons Alla, uyo akanyora ruvara rutsvuku rwakakwana, achidana basa rokuti "Hondo yevaNigro muGomba Remainini Mukati Musiku."
14. Gustav Klimt, Mufananidzo weAdele Bloch-Bauer, 1907
Pasi pechakavanzika chemufananidzo uyu pane rutsinhanho rwe rudo pakati pekadzikadzi weBloch-Bauer, murume wake uye Klimt. Chinokosha ndechokuti pakati pemudzimai weshuga magnate uye muveki anozivikanwa mumakore iwayo, rudo rwakavhiringidzika rwakapoteredzwa, uye zvichida vese veVienna vaiziva nezvazvo.
Apo iyi nhau yakasvika kumurume waAdele Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer, akasarudza kutsiva kune vadikani vake nenzira isingawanzoitiki.
Akabatwa nekutengeswa kwemudzimai wake, VaBloch-Bauer vakatendeukira kumudiwa wake Gustav Klimt nemurairo: kunyora mufananidzo wemudzimai wake. Uyu munyengeri akafunga kuti aizoramba mafananidzo emudzimai wake, uye muenzi wacho aifanira kuita mazana ezvipi zvitsva. Uye izvi zvakakosha kuti muenzi wacho anongobva kubva mumuenzaniso Adele Bloch-Bauer. Ipapo Adele anofanira kuona kuti Klimt's passion for her fading away, uye inoveli ichasvika pakaguma.Somugumisiro, chirongwa chinonyengera chaFerdinand chakashanda sezvaakange agadzirira, uye mushure mokunge vanyora vatevedzeri vekupedzisira vemazamu vakaparadzana nokusingaperi. Zvisinei, Adélie akanga asingazivi kuti murume wake aiziva nezvekuita kwake rudo nemuiti.
15. Paul Gauguin, Takabva kupi? Ndivanaani isu? Tiri kuenda kupi?, 1897-1898.
Ichi chifananidzo chaiva chinhu chakashandura muhupenyu hwomunyori, kana kuti, zvakamunomutsa kumweya, mushure mokunge azviuraya. Akanyora basa muTahiti, kwaaimbowanzotiza kubva kumagariro. Asi nguva ino zvinhu hazvina kubuda zvakanyatsojeka: urombo hwakaramba huchiunza mufananidzo wekufungidzira kune kuora mwoyo kwakadzama.
Akapedza kupora sechinyorwa kuvanhu, uye apo chimiro chakanga chapera, munyori akaoma akaenda kune makomo nebhokisi re arsenic kuti apedze hupenyu hwake. Zvisinei, haana kuverenga chiremba uye, achipikisa nemarwadzo, akadzokera kumba ndokuzorora. Mushure mekumuka nekuziva kwechiito chake, mufananidzo wacho akadzokera kunheve yake yekare yehupenyu, uye paakadzokera kumusha zvinhu zvose zvaive zvakasikwa, chigadzirwa chekusika chakatanga, uye zvinhu zvakakwira.
Chakavanzika chemufananidzo uyu ndechekuti chinofanira kuverengwa kubva kurudyi kusvika kuruboshwe, semagwaro ekunyorwa kwemafirimu ayo munyori wemufananidzo akafadzwa nenguva iyoyo. Basa rinotaura nezvehupenyu hwemweya uye hwemuviri hwomunhu kubva pakuberekwa kusvika pakufa (muzasi kwekona yekona mwana anotorwa sechiratidzo chekuberekwa, uye muzasi yekona yakasara - kukwegura uye shiri inobata saridhi sechiratidzo chekufa).
16. Peter Bruegel mukuru, chirevo cheDutch, 1559
Ichokwadi ichi chinonyanya kuve nechokuita chaicho chaicho kana zvishoma, asi nezvemarevo 112. Vamwe vavo vanotaura nezvoupenzi hwevanhu. Zvakawanda zvakakosha kusvikira nhasi: "akazvigadzirira kumeno", "fambisa nepamusoro pezvino."
17. Paul Gauguin, Breton Village pasi peChando, 1894.
Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza kufara kwemafungiro evanhu, sezvo unyanzvi hunogona kuonekwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Kwenguva yokutanga iyo yandeji yakatengeswa mushure mekufa kwemutiri wekunyorwa kune imwe nyika inoshungurudzika madanchi manomwe anonzi "Niagara Falls." Izvo zvakaitika nokuti mutori wenheta akaiisa kumusoro nemakumbo ake uye akaona mvura inowanikwa mumufananidzo, uye kwete musha, wakafukidzwa nechando.
18. Pablo Picasso, Blue Room, 1901
Mhinduro yemufananidzo uyu yakanga iri kubudirira kune vanyori vezvakaitika kare mu 2008, mushure mokunge yanyatsojekeswa nemirairo ye infrared. Mushure mokudaro, mufananidzo wechipiri kana, zvichida, wekutanga wakawanikwa. Pasi pemufananidzo mukuru wemukadzi ari muimba yebhuruu, chimiro chomunhu akapfeka suti uye butterfly, achiisa musoro wake neruoko rwake, akaonekwa zvakajeka.
Maererano nenyanzvi Patricia Favero, apo Picasso akafuridzirwa, akabva atora brashe ndokutanga kutora. Uye zvichida, pamusika unotevera, apo museki wacho wakamushanyira, muenzi wacho akanga asina chando chisina chinhu chaipo, uye akatanga kutema mifananidzo mutsva pamusoro peimwe, kana kuti Pablo akange asina mari yezvitsva zvitsva.
19. Michelangelo, The Creation of Adam, 1511
Mufananidzo uyu unogona kunzi chidzidzo chemaatomy. Saka, maererano nenyanzvi dzeAmerica muuropeatomy, mifananidzo inoratidza uropi hwakakura hunoonekwa huri pachena, semuenzaniso, chirwere chinonzi pituitary, cerebellum, maziso emagetsi uye kunyange mazamu, izvo zvinoratidzwa sedhiabhoni yakajeka.
20. Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Lutnist, 1596
Mufananidzo uyu wakaratidzwa muHermitage kwenguva yakareba pasi pezita rokuti "Lutnistka". Zvisinei, muhafu yekutanga yemakore makumi maviri, vanyori vezvakaitika kare uye nyanzvi vakaona kuti chifananidzo chinoratidzira jaya, kwete musikana. Pachirevo ichi vaisimudzwa nemanotsi ari pamberi pechifananidzo chemunhu. Vanogona kuona chikamu chechikamu cheMadrigal Jacob Arkademt "Unoziva kuti ndinokuda." Saka, hazvigoneki kuti mukadzi aizoita sarudzo yakadaro yekuimba.
Mukuwedzera, panguva yehupenyu hwemhizha iyo yose mutezo uye violin, iyo inoratidzwa mumakumbo, yakarongedzerwa chete zviridzwa zvevarume. Mushure mekupedzisira, mufananidzo wacho wakaratidzwa pasi pezita rokuti "Lutnist".