Tinokupa iwe urongwa hwevakadzi vanopfira pamatambudziko, maitiro uye vasingazive 'rusaruro uye vasina kufadza zita ravo munhoroondo yenyika.
1. Elizabeth Blackwell (1821-1910)
Elizabeth Blackwell, akaberekerwa muEngland, akava mukadzi wokutanga kuwana chiremba cheDhigiri weMishonga muUnited States. Erizabheti akaedza kupinda mune zvikoro zvakasiyana-siyana zvechiremba, asi akarambidzwa kwose kwose nekuda kwechikonzero chevakadzi: vakadzi panguva iyoyo vaifungidzirwa sepfungwa dzakaderera, uye zvakanyanya zvavaigona kuwana mumunda wemishonga inobvisa pamuviri. Asi chiedza chimwe chete chakaiswa korona nechimwe chiitiko nokukurumidza - musikana wacho akatumirwa ku Geneva Medical College muNew York. Akabva asati achinzwisisa kuti zvaizova zvakaoma sei kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvevabereki veboka revapathos uye bastard wepurofesa uyo akaverenga maitiro evanhu. Munguva yehurukuro pamusoro pekuberekwa, mupurofesa akakumbira Elizabeth kuti asunungure, achitaura kuti izvi zvose zvakasvibisa pfungwa dzake dzisinganzwisisiki. Iko kushamiswa kwehupenzi kwomudzidzi kwakamubvumira kwete kungogara muvateereri, asiwo akachinja maonero evakawanda pamusoro pake.
Zvakanaka, pamagumo, kupfira matambudziko ose, Beth akava mutezi anozivikanwa munyika yose.
2. Annie Smith Peck (1850-1935)
Zvichida, haugoni kuwana mifananidzo imwe chete iyo inoratidzira kuratidza kufara kupfuura mufananidzo wekumhanya Annie Smith Peck. Akakunda mizinda yose yeEurope, iyo kuSouth America, umo muna 1908 Annie akava munhu wokutanga kukunda nzvimbo yakakwirira yePeru, Gomo Huascaran, iro rakaita kuti iye azivikanwe munyika yose.
Akanaka zvikuru uye ari musayendisiti ane simba-akanyora mabhuku akaverengeka uye akanzwa munyika yose. Annie akaenderera mberi achipinda mugomo, kunyange pazera remakumi masere nemaviri.
Uye, nenzira, haana kupfeka jira, sezvazvaiva zvakakodzera mukadzikadzi panguva iyoyo.
Uye vanhu vakaita, "Oh, Annie ..!" Iwe unotyisa sei iwe! ".
Asi zvakanga zviri kwaari here?
Izvozvo, Annie here?
Lol. Kwete, hazvisi.
3. Mary Lou Williams (1910-1981)
Mary Lou Williams, uyo akafananidzirwa wechitatu kuruboshwe, akava mumwe wevanonyanya kutinhira nemimhanzi yeheyday ye jazz. Akatanga kuita zvepamhizha pazera remakore gumi nemaviri, aine simba guru pakuputika uye bi-bop, akanyora mimhanzi yemhando dzakasiyana uye yaiva zana zana rearedevil yenguva dzose.
Uye heino zvakare zvakare, asingadi kupedza chikamu pane zvose zvisina maturo zvakapoteredza.
4. Mutorwa Chokwadi (1797-1883)
Mukadzi wechikumbiro wechiito pakurwisana nekusarurwa kune vakadzi, Sojourner Chokwadi, akambosangana neshoko rakasimba nevana vaduku vanokwana Harriott Stanton Blatch.
Harriot Stanton Bletch: "Sozhorner, chii chausingagoni kuverenga?"
Sozhorner Chokwadi: "Hungu, mudiwa, ini handiverenge mashoko acho zvakanaka, asi ndinoverenga vanhu zvakanaka kwazvo."
SODZHORNER.
5. Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)
Ada Lovelace aiva nyanzvi yemasvomhu (uye iyo ichiri spender), inonyanya kuzivikanwa pakusikwa kwepurogiramu yekutanga yepakombiyuta. Akashanda naCharles Babbage pachiratidziro chekombiyuta yemazuva ano, "inyanzvi". Babbage kamwe akambonyengetera kwaari achiti:
"Rakanganwa nyika nematambudziko aro ose uye zvinyorwa zvakawanda, muchidimbu, zvose, kunze kwechimiro chezviverengero." Ichokwadi, izvo zvaireva:
"Hammer pane zvose."
6. Beatrice Potter Webb (1858-1943)
Beatrice Potter Webb akanga ari mutungamiriri wezvekugarisana nevamwe, nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika uye munyori wenhoroondo. Vose pamwe chete nemurume wavo vakapinda mumushandirapamwe wekuvandudza mararamiro evarombo varombo, vakagadzira mitemo yekutanga pamusoro pemari shoma, vakagadzira bato rebasa mu UK, vakazova munyori wezana remabhuku uye vakabatanidza sangano reLondon School of Economics, vasingatauri nezvemaonero evamwe.
7. Lillian Bland (1878-1971)
Mutori wenhau uye mutyairi, Lillian Bland, akararama hupenyu hwakazara nekushamisika. Muna 1910, muIreland, akazvigadzirira ndege yake. Uye zvose zvaizova zvakanaka, asi zvisikwa zvake zvaisava netangi refuta, saka Lillian akazviita kubva muhombodo isina chinhu ye whisky uye aural tube yainini vake. Ndege yacho yakamhanya makiromita makumi matatu-kureba kunofadza nezviyero.
Uyu mukadzi aida martial arts, motokari, haana kurega fodya-imwe, akashongedza kupfeka shangu uye achiita zvivimbiso kurudyi uye kuruboshwe. Mushure mokunge apedza basa, akatamira kuCornwall, kwaakakwevera, akatamba kubhejera uye akanwa zvakanyanya, uye zvechokwadi haana hanya nemafungiro evamwe.
8. Ethel L. Payne (1911-1991)
Ethel L. Payne aiva mutapi wenhau, aifunga, uye akatungamira American Movement of Civil Liberties uye International Relations. Sezvo ari nhengo yezvinyorwa zvemashoko mu White House, iye akambodzinga Mutungamiri Eisenhower pachake nemibvunzo yake pamusoro pekuregererwa kwekufamba kwemukati, achimumanikidza kuti asazvinyararire pamashure ehurukuro dzezvematongerwo enyika. Muhupenyu hwake hwose huri mutori wenhau, Ethel akanyora nyaya pamusoro pezvose zviri kuitika munyika nekuda kweChicago's Defender, uye akava munyori wekutanga muAfrica-America weSouth Africa yakakurumbira miterevhizheni mumakore ekuma1970. Vamwe vaifarira zvishuvo vakanyunyuta pamusoro pekusimbisa kwake munguva yehurukuro. Nenzira yakanaka, iye haana hanya neavo mazdiots.
9. Murasaki Shikibu (973-1025)
Murasaki Shikibu akanga ari mutongi wenzira mudare reJapan rekumambo panguva iyo mumakore eJapan ainzi Heian. Zvinotendwa kuti ndiye akanga ari munyori wevhuku rekutanga munhoroondo yevanhu: "Tale of Genji."
Baba vaMurasaki havana mubvunzo kuti vakayemura pfungwa yavo, asi panguva imwechete vakazvidemba kuti akazvarwa musikana. Mutsara yake musikana anonyora kuti: "Ndakadzidza mutauro wechiChinese, ndakateerera zvidzidzo zvababa vangu kuburikidza nemukova, nokuti vakadzi vakadziviswa kudzidza mutauro uyu ...". Zvisinei, haana kunyatsotarisa pamusoro peizvi.
10. Nellie Bly (1864-1922)
Nelly Bly aiva munyori ane simba uye ane simba. Nellie akanga asingatyi kunyora nyaya huru pamusoro pehuori hwehupfumi uye hurombo. Pane imwe nguva akanyengedza magwaro kuenda kuchipatara chepfungwa muNew York uye akanyora nyaya pamusoro pekubatwa zvisina kunaka kwevarwere mukliniki, iyo yakakonzera kusunungura kukuru munzanga uye yakamanikidza hurumende kutora matanho anodiwa ekuvandudza hupenyu hwevarwere. Vakwikwidhi vechipfuva vakanga vasingatauri pamusoro pebasa rake, asi Nellie, zvirokwazvo, haana kuterera kune izvi zviduku, nguva dzose zvinongoridza zvigaro.
Uye, nenzira, Nelli akaita rwendo rwepasi-ruka-nyika rwemazuva makumi maviri nemaviri. Sei? Hongu, kungoti nokuti.
11. Zinga Mbandi Ngola (1583-1663)
Zinga Mbandi, Queen Ndongo (mazuva ano eAngola), akanga ari nyanzvi chaiyo. Akauya kuzova nesimba muna 1624 mushure mokufa kwehanzvadzi yake Ngola Mbandi uye akabva awana kuzivikanwa kwenyika dzose kuburikidza nehutano hwakakosha mune zvematongerwo enyika, mauto echiuto uye puffigism yakakwana. Unyanzvi hwake hwehondo, hutsinye, hutengeserano, kubatana uye zvekunamata zvakamubatsira kudzivisa ukolonike hwePortugal.
Zinga, uri mukadzikadzi chaiye.
12. Hedi Lamarr (1914-2000)
Ndiyo mutsara unoita kuti muAustria (mushure mekuAmerica) mutevedzeri wemuiti uye muumbi weHedi Lamarr, paasina hanya. Uye sezvo achigara achipfira pazvinhu zvose, unogona kuita mhedziso inonzwisisika iwe pachako. Hedi akagadzira teknolojia ye "kuruka-famba", iyo yakashandiswa mukukurukurirana maitiro uye mumitambo inotungamirirwa neredhiyo munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Sezvazvakazoitika gare gare, teknolojia iyi yakagadzira hwaro hwezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvakadai seSatellite navigation system uye Wi-Fi. Mukuwedzera kune zvose, iye akanga ari nyanzvi yefirimu.
Uye nei kwete?