Petro ini ndaive munyengeri akaba uye akaisa musungwa chaiyo weRussia tsar. Izvo kune izvi zvakasvika vakatsvakurudza biography yemutongi.
Nhoroondo yenyika chero ipi zvayo inonyatsoziva zvishoma zvishoma nevanomiririra venhema vekutonga dynasties. Sangano rakafanana nechinzvimbo chevamiririri vehutongi hwekutonga kana kuvanza kwekufa kwavo kwakabatsira kune "gadhi makadhi" - mushure me-zviitiko zvematongerwo enyika, avo vaine simba guru kune vatongi kana vaida kuritsvaga. Mune nhoroondo yeTsarist Russia, nzvimbo yakajeka yekuti tsar ndiyo mapatya aPeter I, uyo akabudirira kutonga nyika kwemakore mazhinji. Kubva pamashoko ezvakaitika kare hazvisi zvakaoma kuita runyora rwehumwe hunopupu hwehumwe hunopindira.
1. Kudzoka kweMenshikov
Muna 1697-1698, Petro akatungamirira nhume yehurumende yainzi Great Ambassy, yakabva kuRussia ichienda kuWestern Europe. Vamwe pamwe chete naye vakuru vakuru makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nevatatu vakapinda mazviri, Alexander Menshikov chete akangogara ari mupenyu. Vamwe vose vakaurayiwa pasi pemamiriro asina kufanira, pamusoro payo apo Petro ini ndakaramba kutaura nevanofungidzirwa nevafundisi kusvikira pakuguma kwezuva. Vanhu ava vose vanoziva tsar zvakanaka mukati mega uye vanogona kusimbisa kuti mumwe munhu akadzokera kuRussia panzvimbo yake.
2. Kushamisa kunoshamisa munguva yerwendo
Vatsigiri vakafa vamambo vaizooma zvakaoma kuti vaone kuti munyengeri uye mutongi wavo wekare mumwe munhu. Sezvo uchapupu hwekushandurwa kwekuiswa panzvimbo, iwe unogona kufananidza mafananidzo maviri akaitwa pamberi pokubva kwaPeter I uye pakarepo mushure mokunge adzokera kunyika yekwake. Akasiya nyika semurume uyo akatarisa makore makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemaviri, ane chigamba pasi peziso rake rekuruboshwe uye chiso chakakomberedza. Petro ini ndaive nekukura pamusoro pevheji uye musina kuchena.
Pairi rwendo pamwe chete naye, kushandiswa kusingazivikanwi kwakaitika: kukura kwake "kwakatambanudzwa" kusvika mamita maviri 4 masentimita, akakurumidza kushama uye "akachinja" chimiro chechiso. Murume ari muchitarisiko, uyo akanga asipo pamba kwegore chete, makore makumi mana ekuonekwa. Mushure mokunge asvika, vatorwa vakawanda vakatanga kutaura pachena vachiti:
"Mambo Wedu!"
3. Kuramba kwemhuri uye hondo nehanzvadzi
Zvechokwadi, avo vakatsiva Petro I vakamanikidzwa nehama dzavo, avo vaigona kuziva mutengesi pamusangano wekutanga. Hanzvadzi yaTsar, Sophia Alekseevna, aiva neruzivo rwokutonga nyika uye akabva aziva kuti Europe yakatumira nzvimbo kune mukoma wake kuitira kuti ive nemasimba kune imwe nyika yakakura. Sophia akatungamirira kupandukira kwaStreltsy, sezvo mumakwikwi e streltsi pane vanhu vakawanda vakaita savo vane nguva yokutaura nemubatsiri tsar uye ivo pachavo vakavimbisa kuti akanga asina kufanana naPeter I. Kupandukira kwakabviswa, Princess Sophia akatumirwa kumusha wemamiti, uye kune munhu wese akafunga kutaura pachena mambo wezvakaipa-mambo, akagadzwa chirango chenyama uye kusungwa.
Petro itsva nemudzimai wake havana kuita zvisiri izvo zvaaifunga kuva. Evdokia Lopukhina ndiye pamwe chete munhu uyo tsar aivimba naye. Panguva yeBambamende Yakawanda, iye anenge zuva rimwe nerimwe akafananidza naye, asi ipapo kukurukurirana kwakaguma. Panzvimbo pokuda murume, Yevdokia akaona munyengeri ane utsinye uyo pakarepo mushure mekunge asvika akauya naye kumusha wemamongi uye haana kupa chero chekumbira kwake kwakawanda kuti aratidze zvikonzero zvechiito ichocho. Petro ini handina kumboteerera kune vafundisi, avo vaimbova nemasimba akakura kwaari uye vakanga vasingapindi mujeri reEvdokia.
4. Chiyeuchidzo chakaipa chechiso
Sophia Sophia nevanocheka havasi ivo voga vasina kumbozivikanwa namambo akadzoka kumusha. Akange asingakwanisi kuyeuka zviso zvevamwe hama uye vadzidzisi, aigara achivhenganiswa mumazita uye haana kurangarira chimwe chinhu che "upenyu hwekare". Shamwari dzake dzinonzi Lefort naGordon, uyezve vamwe vanhu vakasiyana-siyana vakakurumbira, avo vakaramba vachitsvaka kukurukurirana nevaTsar, vakaurayiwa pasi pemamwe mamiriro mashoma mushure mekunge vasvika. Izvo zvinoda kuziva kuti Tsar "akanganwa" mushure mekusvika pedyo nenzvimbo yeraibhurari yeIvan the Terrible, kunyange zvazvo nharaunda dzaro dzakatamiswa zvakanyanya kubva kuTsar kuenda kuTsar.
5. Musungwa mune chigamba chesimbi
Pakarepo mushure mokubva kwaPeter I kubva kuEurope, musungwa anowanikwa mujeri reBastille, iro zita rake chairo raizivikanwa kuna Mambo Louis XIV chete. Vakuru vakuru vakamutumidza kuti Michael, iyo inoreva zita rechiRussia raPeter Mikhailov, iro mambo akazvifungidzira payaifamba achida kuramba asingazivikanwi. "Iron Mask" akanzi pakati pevanhu, kunyange mask, ayo aifanira kupfeka kusvikira afa, aiva velvet. Voltaire akanyora kuti anoziva kuti ndiani musungwa, asi "saiye munhu wechiFrench chaiye," iye anofanira kuramba akanyarara. Kuonekwa uye kuumbwa kwemusungwa kwakakodzerwa zvakasikwa pakuonekwa kwaPeter I ndisati ndaenda kuEurope. Hezvino izvo zvaunogona kuwana mumabhuku ehurumende yejeri pamusoro pevasingazivikanwi musungwa:
"Akanga akareba, akabatwa noruremekedzo, akarayirwa kuti amubate somunhu wekuzvarwa kwakanaka."
Uye ndizvo zvose. Akafira muna 1703, mushure mokuparadzwa kwemuviri, imba yacho yakanyatsotsvakurudzwa, uye mitoo yese yehupenyu hwake yakaparadzwa.
6. Kukurira kuchinja kwemavara
Kubvira pauduku, vaTsar vaida zvipfeko zvekare zveRussia. Aipfeka mafiripu emutauro weRussia kunyange pamazuva anopisa, achidada nemafambiro ake uye nenzira ipi zvayo inogona kuisimbisa. A latinite akadzokera kuRussia achibva kuEurope, achimudzivisa kuti azvipfeke nguo dzeRussia, uye asingambopfeki zvepfeko zvoumambo, pasinei nekunyengetedza kwevadiki nevanopupura. Kusvikira pakufa kwake, kunyengera-Petro akapfeka nguo dzeEurope chete.
7. Kuvenga kwezvinhu zvose zveRussia
Zvisingatarisirwi, Peter ndakange ndichivenga maitiro echiRussia chete, asi zvose zvaive zvakabatana nenyika yekwavo. Akatanga kutaura zvisina kunaka uye anonzwisisa chiRussia, izvo zvakakonzera kuvhiringidzika pakati pevakomana pamusoro pezano uye zvekunamata. VaTsar vakati munguva yehupenyu hwake muEurope akakanganwa kunyora mumutauro weRussia, akasarudza kurega kuchengetwa kwezvivako zvisinei neaimbova unamwari uye aisakwanisa kuyeuka chinhu pamusoro pezvinhu zvose zvesayenzi zvaakadzidziswa semumiri wevarume veRussia. Asi akawana unyanzvi hwechigadzirwa chemhizha, chinotaridzirwa kunyange chinopesana neTsar.
8. Kurwara kwakasimba
Chiremba wamambo haana kugona kutenda maziso ake, mushure mokudzoka kubva rwendo rurefu, mutongi akatanga kutambura nekurwiswa nguva dzose kwekusingaperi feveric fever. Anokwanisa kuzvibata, achifamba nemumhenderekedzo yekumaodzanyemba, ayo Peter I asina kumboona. Iyo ambassy yakakura yakafamba nechokumaodzanyemba kwegungwa, kuitira kuti mukana wekutapurirwa wakange usingabatanidzwi.
9. Hondo itsva yekurwa
Kana pakutanga mambo akanga achigadzirira kurwisana kwetsoka uye hondo dzebhiza, Europe yakashandura nzira yake kune imwe nzira yehondo. Haana kumboona hondo dzegungwa, Petro akaratidza chiitiko chakanakisisa chekugadzirira hondo pamusoro pemvura, iyo yakashamisa zvose zivo yehondo. Unyanzvi hwake hwekurwa, maererano nemashoko akanyorwa, waiva nezvinhu zvaungawana nekurwisana nezvikepe kwemakore mazhinji. Nokuti waimbova Petro ini zvakanga zvisingagoneki mumuviri: ucheche hwake uye huduku hwakapfuura panyika, iyo yakanga isingakwanisi kusvika kumakungwa.
10. Rufu rwaZerevich Alexei Petrovich
Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich, mwanakomana wedangwe waPeter naEvdokia Lopukhina, vakaguma kuva vanofadza kune mutongi wenhema apo mwanakomana wake pachake akazviratidza. Mutsva Peter I akatanga kumanikidza Alexei kuti atore maratidziro, kuratidza kusagutsikana nechimwe chinhu chokuva kwake mudare - mwanakomana, umo asina kumbobvira aine mweya. Alexei Petrovich akatizira kuPoland, kwaakaronga kuenda kuBastille (pachena, kuti abudise baba vake chaivo) kune dzimwe nyaya dzevanhu. Vatsigiri venhema-Petro akamubata mumugwagwa ndokuvimbisa kuti pakudzoka kwake aizotora chigaro nechigaro chavo. Mushure mokuuya kuRussia, Tsarevich yakabvunzurudzwa naPeter I ndokuurayiwa.