Logotherapy - kamwechete kamwe muhupenyu munhu mumwe nomumwe anoda rudzi urwu rwemapfungwa. Upenyu hune chokuita nezera hunowanzoita kuti kurasikirwa kwezvinoreva izvo munhu aigona kuvimba nazvo, uye izvi zvakafanana nehurumende apo ivhu rakabviswa kubva pasi petsoka.
Logotherapy in psychology
Logotherapy uye existential analysis ndiyo nzira dzepo existential psychology yakakura kubva mune zvepfungwa. Logotherapy inobva kuGreek. logos - shoko, therapeia - kutarisira, kutarisira. Masayendisiti-logotherapist anoona sechinhu chavo chekubatsira vanhu kuwana zvakarasika zvinoreva kana kuumba zvitsva. Zvakanyatsojekeswa logotherapy mukurapa kwevana.
Muvambi we logotherapy
Frankl's logotherapy muchidimbu: "Munhu anongogara achida kuenzaniswa kwezviito zvezviito zvake, mabasa, mamiriro ezvinhu, zviito." Logotherapy yakasimbiswa naVictor Frankl, chiremba chepfungwa cheAustria uye mupfungwa yepfungwa uyo akapfuura musasa wevasungwa weGermany. Zvose zvaanoshandisa zvinopfuura kuburikidza iye pachake uye vasungwa vakaratidza kubudirira kwavo, kuti mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu munhu anogona kupona uye anoti upenyu "Hongu!".
Logotherapy - tsvakurudzo
Zvinyorwa zveFrankl's logotherapy zvakabva pakudzidza kwake uye kumiridzirwa kwemunhu semutatu-mumiririro wemuenzaniso, muchimiro chakakosha ichi ndicho chinangwa chepfungwa uye chepanyama chomumwe munhu, uye mumhepo yakananga (noetic). Vose pamwe chete, izvi hazvisi pachena. Zvomudzimu zvinoparadzanisa munhu kubva kumhuka. Zvose izvi zvitatu zviri mune dzimwe mhirizhonga pakati mukati mehupenyu uye nyika yekunze, chido chekunzwisisa chitsva, kuwana tsanangudzo itsva munzvimbo yekusagadzikana chinangwa chevanhu.
Mitemo yelogotherapy
Mhando uye nzira dze logotherapy dzinowedzera nevateveri vaVr. Frankl, asi kusakanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakatambura uye kuongororwa mumazviuru zvevanhu zvinoratidza kuti nzira dziri kushanda uye dzinoshanda mazuva ano. mhando dzelogotherapy maitiro:
- paradoxical chinangwa;
- dereflexia;
- loganalysis.
Iyo mabasa e logotherapy
Nheyo dze logotherapy dzinoona basa rayo guru: kuwana chirevo chairo, kubatsira kuenda mberi, kusika, rudo uye kudiwa. Zvinoreva zvinogona kuwanikwa mune chimwe chezvikamu zvitatu: unhu, hunoziva, kugamuchirwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu ayo munhu asingagoni kuchinja. Kunyanya muhutano V. Frankl anopa zvisikwa, achitsanangura munhu somusiki. Uye mune zvakaitika muupenyu - rudo.
Zviratidzo zvekushandisa logotherapy
Logotherapy yakagadzirirwa vanhu vose mune hutano uye mukurwara, chinangwa chelogotherapy hachisi chokuisa pamunhu zvinoreva chiremba wacho, asi kuti abatsire kuzviwana, mutoro wose uripo nemurwere. V. Frankl akarondedzera zvikamu 5 zvekushandiswa kwe logotherapy:
- psychogenic neuroses;
- kwete kushandiswa kwemishonga pakurapwa kwezvirwere zvepamatic;
- sociogenic phenomena (kunzwa kusina tariro, existential vacuum);
- kusava nechokwadi kwevanhu (iatrogenic neuroses, kushungurudzika);
- kuora mwoyo.
Frankl's Logotherapy - nheyo dzemitemo
Frankl's logotherapy yakaratidza kubudirira kwayo mumatambudziko anoita seasingakanganwiki apo kusuruvara kwemunhu kwaiva mutsara wehutano hwepfungwa. Frankl aidavira kuti kunyange iyo yakagadziriswa yehuunhu ine chikamu chakanaka, uye kusvikira kune chikamu cheunhu hunoita kuti kuderedza chirwere chacho, uye kunyange kuchidzikinura kuregererwa, uye pane zvakanakisisa zvinotungamirira kugadzirisa.
Mitemo ye logotherapy:
- Rusununguko rwekuda . Munhu akasununguka kuita chero zvasarudzo, aita sarudzo yakasarudzwa mumutungamiri wehutano kana hutano, achiziva izvi, chero upi hupi hunoonekwa hahuri mutongo, asi kutsvaga zvinoreva chikonzero chechirwere ichi chakasimuka, pane zvavanoda kuratidza.
- Achafunga . Rusununguko chinhu chinenge chisina zvarinoreva, kusvikira munhu akazadzisa chido chekutaura uye anovaka chinangwa. Zvinetso zvose zvinokonzera zvinopiwa nechinangwa ichocho.
- Zvinoreva upenyu . Iyo inogadziriswa nemitemo miviri yekutanga uye imwe neimwe inomunhu oga, kunyange zvazvo munhu wose ane pfungwa yakafanana yehutsika. Chinangwa chinonyanya kukosha chehupenyu ndechokuti uzviitire iwe zviri nani, uye kune vamwe zvichava chikonzero chekuwana zvinoreva iwe uye unoedza kuvandudzwa kwehumene iwe pachako.
Nzira dzaFrankl dzelogotherapy
Nzira dze logotherapy dzakaratidza ivo pachavo mukurapwa kwepabbias dzakasiyana, neuroses, kuzvidya mwoyo kusingazivikanwi kwakabva. Kunyanya kugadzirisa kwe logotherapy kunouya apo munhu anovimba nemutapi anoenda pamwe naye mubasa rekusika. Pane nzira nhatu dze logotherapy:
- Paradoxical chinangwa . Munhu anotya chimwe chinhu chinomesa upenyu hwake. Iyi nzira inobatsira kusangana chiso nechiso nekutya kwako, kumusangana naye, kuita zvinotyisa, kusimbisa pfungwa yako yekutya kune chinonyanya kukosha, pindura mubvunzo uyu: "Ndeipi chinhu chakaipisisa chingaitika kana ndikasarudza / ini handisi?"
- Dereflexia , nzira yakagadzirwa pakurapa hyperreflexia nekudzivirira, inoshandiswa zvakanakisisa kubata chirwere chemai chinonzi anorgasmia, kuchinja kubva kune mumwe, kufunganya uye kushungurudzika kune mumwe wako, kune doro mudambudziko yekufananidza zvinotarisirwa nevamwe uye kubudisa hyper control.
- Loganalysis inotsanangurwa yehupenyu hwomunhu, achibvumira logotherapist kuti awane zvinoreva mumwe munhu. Neuroses, kuzvidya mwoyo uye kutya zvinopera.
Logotherapy - Kudzidzira
Logotherapy inzira inobatsira ichinyatsojeka mativi akajeka ehupenyu hwomunhu, izvo zvaanokwanisa kushandisa kuti abve mugomba risina chigadziko chekurasika zvinoreva upenyu. Logotherapy - maitiro uye maitiro ekufungidzira (fantasy, mafungiro, kusarura), shanda nemifananidzo:
- Moto . Chiratidzo chemoto zvose upenyu nerufu. Ndeipi moto wemunhu munhu anoona mumafungiro ake, zvichida inongova kenduru kana chiedza mumumvuri werima, kuvhara huni mumoto kana moto? Pane vaya varipo vari kutarisa pamoto-yese idzi sangano dzinogona kutaura zvakawanda pamusoro pemafungiro emunhu wacho.
- Mvura . Fungidzira dziva iri: gungwa, rwizi, runogona kugungwa. Ndeupi marudzi emvura uye kudengenyeka kwemhepo ine simba kana kugadzikana pamusoro pemvura - kunyange kune vanhu vane zvinetso zvekufungidzira, mufananidzo wemvura unomiririra nyore. Mukusangana nemvura iyo munhu aripo: kumhenderekedzo, kana kumire mumvura, ichikwira? Ndezvipi manzwiro ? Kuita muviri kunobatsira kuporesa uye kuwana mafungiro akanaka uye chaiwo tactile kunzwa.
- Muti . Munhu akafanana nemuti, saka zvakakosha rudzi rwechiratidzo chemuti anoona. Icho chiri chimiro chakaonda, chinotinhira mumhepo, kana muti wakakura kwazvo, wakadzika midzi mukati memvura yakadzama yemidzi yawo, uye uchikwira kumusoro nekorona inopararira here? Ndiyo yoga here, kana kuti kune vamwe varipo? Zvose izvi: mashizha, trunk, korona nyaya. Mufananidzo wacho unogona kuchinjwa uye kuwedzerwa, zvichibatsira munhu kusimbisa.
Maitiro emapoka e logotherapy:
- "Ndiri kufara apo ..." ramba uchiita nenzira yakanaka, zvinotaurwa zvakanyanya, zviri nani, murume anoshandiswa zvakanaka uye anorega kumucherechedza, basa racho rinobatsira kuwana izvi zvakanaka zvakare muupenyu hwake.
- Maonero akanaka uye iwe nevamwe. Nhengo imwe neimwe yeboka inofanirwa, pamwe nezvose kurumbidzwa pachake nokuda kwechimwe chinhu, zvino ita rumbidzo kune munhu akagara, izvi zvinofanira kuratidza kutendeseka.
Logotherapy - mabhuku
Victor Frankl "Logotherapy uye existential zvinoreva. Zvinyorwa uye hurukuro ยป- bhuku iri rinotaura nezvekwakabva uye kugadzirwa kwe logotherapy seyo nzira yepfungwa. Mamwe mabhuku emunyori:
- " Iti upenyu" Hungu! "Chiremba wepfungwa mumusasa wevasungwa ." Basa rinoonekwa sekuru uye rinokurudzira kuguma kwevanhu. Kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kufanira emusasa weNazi, mumwe anogona kupona nekuda kwehutano hwemweya uye kuwana zvayo zvaanoreva.
- " Munhu ari kutsvaga chinangwa ." Ndezvipi zvinorehwa nehupenyu nehupenyu hwemunhu kana zviitiko: rudo , kutambura, mutoro, rusununguko, chitendero-ichi ndicho icho V. Frankl anotenda mubasa rake.
- " Kutambura kubva kusina maturo ehupenyu. Nyaya dzepfungwa dzepfungwa ". Bhuku rino richabatsira kune avo vakarasikirwa nehupenyu muupenyu. V.Frankl anotsanangura zvinokonzera kurasikirwa kwezvinoreva uye anopa mapepa nekuda kwekubvisa maonero anorwadza echokwadi.
Mabhuku evateveri vaVr. Frankl:
- " Logotherapy yezvesa rubatsiro. Basa rehupfumi rakazara nechinangwa. "D. Guttman. Purofesa wepological psychology anotungamirira hupenyu hune chinangwa zuva rega rega, achienderera mberi nebasa raVr. Frankl, achibatsira vanhu vazhinji kuti vatende kuti upenyu hwavo chipo, uye zviitiko zvose mairi zvakazara nechinangwa chikuru.
- " Logotherapy: zvidzidzo zvinyorwa uye mienzaniso inoshanda " A. Battiani, S. Shtukarev. Iyo nzira yekurapa ye logotherapy muchiito, kuti inoitika sei, ndeapi nzira dzinoshandiswa-bhuku rino rinotaura pamusoro peizvi zvose.