Intrauterine kukura kwe fetus dzimwe nguva inotadza, iyo inotungamirira kuchinja kwehutano mune humwe humwe nhengo. Inenge 1% yevana vanoberekwa nehutano hwepfungwa. Iyi iboka rezvirwere zvinotyisa zvinoda kurapwa kwakanyanya panguva yakakodzera.
Sei vana vakaberekwa vane chirwere chemwoyo?
Chinhu chinonyanya kukonzera dambudziko riri pasi apa nderokuzvarwa (chinonzi geni kana chromosomal change). Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kusagadzikana kwekunze kwemamiriro ezvinhu kunokonzera kukanganisa kwekuchinja. Congenital chirwere chemoyo muvana - zvikonzero:
- kutarisana nemirairo yeioni;
- kushandiswa naamai vanouya doro doro kana zvimwe zvinokonzera mishonga yemakemikari;
- kusvuta;
- kugara mune imwe nzvimbo ine hurombo hwezvisikwa;
- kushandisa mamwe mishonga panguva yekuzvitakura;
- age webaba uye amai vanopfuura makumi mashanu;
- chirwere chakakomba che toxicosis munguva yekuita gestation;
- basa reumhizha, zvisina kunaka kuchinja utano hwevabereki.
Zvichida kuora mwoyo kwepfungwa kunokonzera vana, vane amai vane zvirwere zvinotevera:
- chirwere cheshuga mellitus;
- rubella ;
- adenoviruses;
- chicken pox;
- serum hepatitis;
- herpes simplex;
- listeriosis;
- syphilis;
- tuberculosis;
- cytomegal;
- toxo- uye mycoplasmosis;
- endocrine zvinetso;
- systemic lupus erythematosus;
- phenylketonuria.
Mwoyo kukanganiswa kwevana - maitiro
Cardiologists vanoparadzanisa zvinorondedzerwa zvirwere mumapoka matatu. Yokutanga inosanganisira chero chirwere chemwoyo muvana, chinoratidzwa nekuvapo kwechipingamupinyi ku kubviswa kweropa kubva mumhepo. Nzira dzinowanzosarudzwa ndeyemapuraneti arteri kupinza, congenital stenosis uye kubatana kwe aorta. Mamwe mapoka maviri anosanganisira nhamba yakawanda yezvirwere, inoda kuongororwa zvakadzama.
Chirwere chepfungwa
Rudzi urwu rwechirwere runonziwo chena. Nekakadaro congenital pathologies, ropa rakaipa rinosanganiswa neropa reropa, rinobudiswa kubva kuruboshwe rwomwoyo kusvika kurudyi. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- zvikanganiso zve interatrial uye interventricular septa;
- kuvhura duct arterial;
- congenital AV kukurukurirana;
- zvirevo;
- isolated pulmonary stenosis;
- septal defects;
- dystopia .
Vana vakaberekwa vane urombo hwemhando yemhando yakatsanangurwa, yakasara mushure mekukura mumuviri, kunyanya muchitsiko chepasi chedu. Pedyo nevekuyaruka (10-12 makore), vanotanga kunzwa kurwadziwa kwakanyanya kwemajeri mumagumo uye mumimba, vanotambura nechezzinesi uye dyspnea. Chirwere ichi chirikufambira mberi nekukurumidza uye chinoda kugadzirisa zvirongwa zvekuita.
Chirwere chemwoyo chebhuruu
Zita reboka iri re congenital pathologies rinosanganiswa nechechi inoratidzika mukati mekukura kwechirwere. Kana mwana akaberekwa ane chirwere chemwoyo chechimiro chiri mubvunzo, ane cyanotic miromo uye chiso, mumvuri mutsva we violet. Urwu rudzi rwechirwere runosanganisira zvinetso zvinotevera:
- Eisenmenger complex;
- triad, tetralogy ye Fallot;
- kugadzirisa kupera kweiyo midziyo huru;
- the Ebstein anomaly;
- kazhinji arterial trunk;
- atresia yevagus valve.
Chirwere chepfungwa mumwana - zviratidzo
Chipatara chekuratidzwa kweboka rinoratidzirwa rezvirwere zvinotaridzirwa nemhando yavo, nguva yekufambira mberi nekuvandudzika kwekuvhiringidzika kwemhepo uye mararamiro ehemodynamic. Congenital mwoyo kusakwana kwevana vaduku vane zviratidzo zvinotevera:
- cyanosis kana pallor yeganda uye mucous membrane;
- kuzvidya mwoyo;
- kurega chifuva;
- kuneta kwakakurumidza mushure mekutanga kwekuyamwisa;
- kuora kwehutano hwekurara;
- nguva dzose kuchema;
- cold extremities
Zviratidzo zvechirwere chemoyo muvana zvinowedzera nezera. Kana mwana akwegura anova, zvakanyanya kuzivikanwa zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi:
- rakasununguka pakukura muviri;
- kurwadziwa mubhokisi, musoro;
- kuzvimba;
- moyo rate jumps;
- kupfupika kwemhepo;
- sweating;
- tachycardia;
- arrhythmias;
- kunyunyuta kwemidziyo yekervical;
- kududzirwa kwebhokisi;
- kusagadzikana kweropa;
- chizoro;
- kusava nehanya nekunyengera;
- musimba simba.
Kuongororwa kwehutano hwepfungwa mumoyo muvana
Nhasi kutsvakurudza kunobatsira kunobatsira kuziva chinetso chiri kuongororwa. Zvichienderana nechinangwa chechirwere chechirwere, kuongororwa kwechirwere chemwoyo muvana kunosanganisira:
- electrocardiogram;
- Ongorora redhiography;
- echocardiography (dzimwe nguva ine dopplerography);
- magnetic resonance imaging uye computed tomography;
- phonocardiography;
- angiography;
- sounding.
Nzira yekurapa chirwere chemwoyo muvana?
Nzira dzose dzerapi inotsanangurwa neboka rezvirwere dzinopatsanurwa kuva radical uye yekuchengetedza. Kurapa kushandiswa kwekukanganisa kwepfungwa yemwoyo muvana ndiyo inowanzova nzira chete yekuchengetedza hupenyu hwemwana, saka kuvhiyiwa kunoitwa kunyange panguva yekuvandudzwa kweprauterine uye pakarepo mushure mekuberekwa. Muzvakawanda zvakaoma uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutachiona, kuiswa kwechirwere cheutano kunodiwa.
Kurapa kwechirwere chepfungwa muvana chiratidzo chechirwere kana chechipiri pamusana pokupindira kwekuvhiya. Nzira yekuchengetedza inoshandiswa zvikuru inoshandiswa nemhando dzakashata dzechirwere, dzimwe nguva nzira dzakananga dzinofanira kutorwa nguva dzose. Chete chirwere chemapiritsi chinokwanisa kugadzira chirongwa chakarurama cherapa uye kutora mishonga inoshanda.
Upenyu hwevana vane chirwere chemoyo
Izvo zvinodarowo mumamiriro ezvinhu zvinoenderana nekugadzirisa kwekuonekwa kwechirwere uye nekutanga kwerapi. Maererano nehuwandu hwekufa pakati pevana vegore rokutanga rehupenyu, congenital moyo kukanganiswa kwevana vanogara panzvimbo yakakwirira, kubva pane hutachiona vanenge 75% yevana vanofa. Kana chirwere ichi chikaonekwa pane imwe nguva yekutanga, uye nyanzvi yemapurisa yakaronga kurapwa kwakanaka, zviporofita zvinofadza.
Kuchengetedza vana vane urombo hwemoyo zvakarongeka mune imwe nzvimbo yezvehutano. Mwana wacho akaiswa muhurongwa hwekuchengetedza zvakanyanya pamwe nekugona kwekudzivirira uye kwakanyatsoiswa. Kuti urambe uine hutano huripo:
- kudyisa nepurogiramu;
- oxygen (kana zvichidikanwa);
- kuchinja kwemuviri nzvimbo maawa maviri;
- nguva dzose kuongororwa kwekushisa kwemuviri, kushamwaridzana, moyo wepamusoro uye kufamba kwekupemha.
Pamba, vabereki vanofanira kutarisa kugadzikana kwomwana kudzivirira matambudziko eDyspnoea uye cyanosis. Kudyisa vana ava kunowanzofanira uye zvishoma nezvishoma, kushandisa kuchero kana kupa bhodhi pakutanga kwekuzara nenzara. Zvakakosha kushandisa mbiru dzakanaka dzakagadzirirwa vana vasati vasvika. Izvo zvinodiwa kakawanda kubatsira rubric regumbit, kunyanya kana zvikafu zvekudya.
Kudzivirira kuberekwa kwepfungwa mukati memwana
Nzira huru yekudzivirira kusimbiswa kwechirwere ichi chinouya mumuchechi ndiko kubviswa kwezvinhu zvose zvinotarisana nezvengozi. Amai vanouya vanofanira:
- Chengetedza mararamiro ehupenyu hwakanaka.
- Kuchengeta kubva kuhutachiona hwehutachiona.
- Nyatsoronga kuronga kwako .
- Enda kune dzimwe nguva zvirwere zvekuberekwa.
- Rega (kana zvichibvira) kubva kunwa mishonga.
Kana mumwe wemitezo yemhuri ine chirwere chakafanana kubva kumukadzi kana murume, njodzi yekuberekwa kwemwana pamwe nehosha inofungidzirwa yakanyanya kwazvo. Kakawanda vana vakadaro vanoberekwa vasati vasvika, uye chirwere chemwoyo chepenital muvana vasati vasvika hachiwanzoitiki mukurapa. Dzimwe nguva vanachiremba vanokurudzirwa kuti vaongorore uye vafunge zvakanyatsofunga nezvekudiwa kwekuberekwa.