Nzira yaMaria Montessori ndeimwe yenzira dzakakurumbira uye dzakagadziriswa dzakabatana dzekuvandudza kwekutanga. Anonzi mushure musiki wayo, mudzidzisi uye chiremba wesayenzi yezvokurapa, iyi yekudzidzira yakatanga kushandiswa muna 1906 uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya munyika yose, ichibvumira zvinoshamisa.
Misimboti yekutanga yeMetessori
Nzira yacho inobva pachirongwa chekuti mwana wose akasiyana uye anoda nzira inokosha mune dzidzo nekudzidziswa. Idzidzisiro inosanganisira zvinhu zvitatu: mudzidzisi, mwana uye nzvimbo. Inobva pamitatu mitemo inokosha:
- rusununguko rukuru rwemwana, kusarudzwa kwenzira uye mazinga ekufambisa nekudzidza;
- kusikwa kwepurogiramu yekudzidzisa yega;
- kunyatsopindira kwemufundisi nekushayikwa kwehutongi hwemadzitateguru nezvemigumisiro yekudzidza.
Chikoro cheMontessori chinoita sei?
Kukura uye kudzidzisa mwana muMontessori, unoda kuronga nzvimbo yakapoteredza nenzira inokosha. Kirasi umo makirasi anoitika anoparadzaniswa kuita zvikamu zvishanu zvemahedheni, imwe neimwe yakazadzwa nezvinhu zvakanamatirwa zvakadai:
- Nzvimbo yehupenyu chaihwo . Pano mwana anodzidza kuedza kudzidzira zviito izvo zvichabatsira kwaari muupenyu - kushambidza, kupfeka zvipfeko, kuchera miriwo, kuchenesa pamwe naye, kushambidza shangu, kusunga shoelaces uye kubhatisa mabhodhi. Kurovedza isingabatsiri, mune fomu iri kutamba.
- Nzvimbo yekunzwa uye motokari inobudirira . Inounganidza zvinhu zvedzidzo, zvakagadzirirwa kudzidzisa mwana kusiyanisa maitiro akasiyana-siyana, zvinhu, maumbirwo uye mavara. Mukufanana, chiratidzo, kunzwa, kurangarira, kutarisa uye unyanzvi hwakanaka hwemotokari huchakura.
- Chikamu chemasvomhu chinosanganisira zvinhu, izvo izvo mwana anodzidza pfungwa yehuwandu. Mukuwedzera, kuva munharaunda iyi, anoumba manzwiro, kutarisa, kushanda uye kurangarira.
- Nharaunda yemutauro yakagadzirirwa nenzira yakadai iyo mwana anogona kudzidza mavara, mazano, kudzidza kudzidza nekunyora.
- Nharaunda yepakati inotarisirwa kuzivana nenyika yakapoteredza, zviitiko zvezvisikwa uye zvirongwa.
Kuzivikanwa kwemhando yekutanga yaMontessori iri kukura, uye vadzidzisi vekugadzira vari kuedza nekuwedzera kwezvikamu zvitsva zvekuvandudzwa kwakawanda kwechecheche, somuenzaniso, nzvimbo yezvigadzirwa, motokari, mimhanzi. Kana zvichidiwa, vabereki vanogona kudzokorora kirasi yeMontessori kumba, kugovana makamuri munzvimbo dzakakodzera.
Madeactic materials
Zvinhu zvakashandiswa pakudzidza nevana muMontessori zvakagadzirirwa kutora maitiro evanhu anthropological, uyewo nguva dzavo dzisinganzwisisiki, iyo Maria Montessori pachake akasarudzwa nemhando yebasa rinotungamirira panguva ino. Zvinhu izvi zvinomutsa mumwana kufarira mukucherechedza, shandisa nzira yekuzvidzora, kubetsera kuronga ruzivo rwakagamuchirwa kubva kunze. Mukugadzirwa kwemotokari uye kunzwisisika, mwana anosimba mumweya, uye mitambo yakasununguka yevana vane Montessori zvinhu vanovakagadzirira kuva nehupenyu hunoshingaira uye huzvimiririra.
Montessori mudzidzisi
Basa guru remufundisi mumutambo wekuvandudza mwana weMontessori ndeye "kuzvibatsira". Izvi zvinoreva kuti, anongogadzira mamiriro ezvinhu emakirasi uye maziso kubva kune rumwe rutivi, apo mwana anosarudza zvaachaita-kukura kwehutano hwemhuri, mathematics, geography. Inopesana nehutano chete kana mwana asingazivi chekuita neyekuita zvinhu zvaakasarudza. Panguva imwe chete, haafaniri kuita chimwe chinhu pachake, asi kungotsanangurira mwana izvo zvakakosha uye kuratidza muenzaniso muduku webasa.