Cocaine panzvimbo pekushaya anesthetizing uye kurapa ne mercury: vanachiremba kwemakore vakavanza kubva kwatiri chokwadi chose pamusoro pemishonga muzvipatara!
Mumakona ehupenyu hwevanhu, tinogona kuwana chokwadi chisinganzwisisiki, chimwe chinyorwa cheicho chinokonzera kushamisika kwechokwadi pakati pevanhu venguva. Saka, somuenzaniso, nzira dzokurapa, dzaimbozivikanwa nevanodzidza nezvechiremba makore mazhinji akapfuura, nhasi dzinoita sechinhu chinonyombwa chevarwere vavanenge vashandiswa.
1. Kushandiswa kwekodineine uye opium seanesesthetic
Zvechokwadi, zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvichiri kushandiswa navanachiremba mune zviitiko zvakanyanya. Asi kana ikozvino ivo vari pasi pekuverenga zvakasimba, ipapo iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa painkiller yekutanga kwezana remakore rapfuura - cocaine, yakagadzwa nokuda kwekuora mwoyo, kurwadziwa kwechidiki, kupisa kwemapurisa. Kocaine yakave yakakurumbira, nokuti muAustria optometrist Karl Kohler akawana manzwiro ake emagetsi uye akaratidza kuti zviremera zvisingatauri kutengesa cocaine kuburikidza nemapromasi pamutengo wakaderera. Mu pharmacy yeAmerica iyo inogona kutengwa masendimita mashanu, uye naizvozvo yakave yakakurumbira kunyange pakati pevarume vemavara. Vadzidzisi vavo vaifara nemashandisirwo emishonga iyi. Uye kwete ivo chete: vezvematongerwe enyika vezvematongerwe enyika vehafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechi20 vakanyora kuti:
"Cocaine inosimbisa mweya wevanhu veAmerica nekutonga kwavo nesimba."
2. Kudya mercury
Nhau yekutanga iyo mercury inoshamisa inobatsira muviri wemunhu, yakagadzirwa nevaEgipita vekare. Vakatenda kuti chinhu chinotyisa chinogona kudzinga mweya wakaipa kubva mumuviri kana kuderedza simba rayo kune uyo akakuvadzwa uye saka akamanikidza vose vanorwara kunwa mercury uye kunyange mummified mukati maro miviri yevanyori vane simba. MuMiddle Ages, mavhesi haana kuderedza: asi zvakasiyana, nekuuya kwezvirwere zvenyama, mercury sechiremba zvakare yakava mafashoni. Anonzi akabatsira kubvisa "chirwere chinotyisa" - chirwere. Ichokwadi chokuti murwere haana kubvumira kurapwa nehutu hwakasimba kwazvo, maererano navanachiremba vekare, wakaratidza chete kuti aizodzoka zvakare. Hazvishamisi kuti vanenge vanenge varwere vose vakafa, uye vapukunyuka-vakatambura nehutano hwekuora mwoyo.
3. Kubvumira
Hippocrates, mumwe wevakakurumbira zvikuru vanachiremba vekare, akauya nedzidziso yakajeka yokuti mumuviri wevanhu, mucus uye bile inofanira kugara yakaenzana. Chikonzero chezvirwere zvose zvinozivikanwa kwaari, akatenda kutyora kwechiyero ichi, icho chaifanira kutarisirwa nekuisa ropa neropa. Kunyangwe chokwadi kuti murwere haana kupona nguva dzose mushure mekunge nzira yacho isingaregedzi Hippocrates nevateveri vake vakayerera kusvikira pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nemana.
4. Hydrotherapy
Muzana remakore XVI-XVII madiki madzimai nevarume vechidiki vakawanda vakapararira nenzira iyi yekutsvaga kubva kuchikoro chekuchikoro, kusaenzana kwemhuri uye zvidzidzo, sevanonyengedza. Vanachiremba vane ruzivo vakabva vatanga nzira yekurapa vanonyengedza: murwere kana munhu anorwara akaiswa mubhoji remvura inotonhorera kana kuti akadururirwa kubva kumusoro kusvika kumakumbo. Mushonga uyu wakanyatsobudirira, asi wakabata chete nokuti hakuna munhu aida kunzwa manzwiro akadzo zvakare.
5. Kushandiswa kwemakonzo akafa uye nekugadzirwa kwepachirapa kubva kune avo
Mhuka munyika dzakawanda panguva dzakasiyana dzakashanda semushonga wevanhu. MuErizabethan nguva muEngland, vanachiremba vakasarudza kuti mapurisa akafa ane zvekudzorera uye kuporesa zvinhu. Zvigunwe zvakagadzirwa zvakashandiswa kuzarura mavanga, uye mukati mavo vakashandisa paste kubva mumakumbo avo kuti vadzidzise marwadzo oro urinary incontinence.
6. Kuisa mapepa kubva kumhuka
Muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechi20, chiremba wechiremba wokuRussia Serge Voronoff akamanikidzwa kuenda kuFrance, nokuti avo vaaishanda naye muTsarist Russia havana kugoverana maonero ake pakuvhiya. Serge akatenda kuti akagadzira nzira yake yekutsvaga nhengo dzomukati dzevanhu, kupa vamiririri vehutano hwakasimba kune wechipiri wechidiki. Pakutanga akaedza kudhinda mapepa eavo vakatongerwa kufa nevapfumi, asi vakakundikana mumubhedha varume, asi nzira yacho yakanga isingashandisi. Serge akatamira kuParis, uko iye pachake akaparadzira rondedzero yokuti kudengenyeka kwematsetse kuchagadzirisa muviri uye kuwedzera huwandu hwehutano. Iye zvino akaisa mapepa emamonke, asi varwere vakatsamwa vakaona nekukurumidza zvokuti zvishamiso hazviitiki.
7. Orgasmotherapy
Vibrator pakutanga yakagadzirwa kwete yevakadzi varaidzo. Muzana remakore rechina, vanachiremba vakatenda zvakasimba kuti kugutsikana kwepabonde kunogona kuporesa mukadzi ane hutsinye uye kugumburwa. Pakutanga vaishandisa mafuta emafuta pamakumbo emarwere uye akaaputira kusvikira vasikana vasvika kanagasgasm. Asi zvino vanachiremba vakatanga kunyunyuta zvikuru kuti nzira iyi yakanyanya kuvhiringidza kwavari - uye masayendisiti akauya kuzovabatsira. Mechanical, uye gare garewo magetsi ezvepabonde emagetsi akadzivisa kukosha kwe "basa".
8. Nyoka yegomba
Kwemazana emakore akawanda, chirwere chipi zvacho chisinganzwisisiki, vanachiremba vakabata zvekudaidzira, vachifunga kuti, kunze kwekunge mabudisa mweya yakaipa, unogona kuunza zororo kumunhu anotambura. Kuti vavhunduke, varwere vakanga vasina kungodira nemvura yechando kana kuti vakapiwa mercury: hapana chaive chichizivikanwa chaive nzira yekuchengetedza munhu pamusoro pegomba ane nyoka ine uturu. Zvaifungidzirwa kuti midzimu yaizovhunduswa navo uye inobva mumuviri wevarwere nokukurumidza.
9. Kushamiswa kwemagetsi
Electroconvulsive therapy inotyisa kwazvo zvokuti inogona kuonekwa mune rimwe nerimwe rekutyisa firimu. Yakanga ichibukira muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechi20, apo varwere muzvipatara zvepfungwa vakagara pasi pakuparidzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi kuburikidza nemuviri. Kupa chiito ichi kushandiswa, vanachiremba vaiva nounyengeri - vakaita kuti zvive nyore ivo pachavo, kwete kune vanorwara. A "mazuva" kurapwa "nekutengesa kwegetsi akachinja vanhu vakave vasina simba, avo vaisafanira kutarisa nekushandisa mari pamishonga inodhura kwavari.
10. Lobotomy
Nhasi, zvakaoma kudavira kuti lobotomy, uyewo electroshock therapy, yaimboonekwa seipi nzira inofambira mberi yekurapa. Kuna chiremba uyo akachiumba, vaEgustan vaEgash Monish vakatopiwawo Nobel Prize. Akakwanisa kuita kuti sangano rose rezvesayenzi ribvise kuti kuburikidza nekubvisa lobes yepamberi yeuropi zvinogona kugadzirisa dambudziko rezvirwere zvehutachiona.
Chiremba weAmerica Walter Freeman akagamuchira pfungwa yake uye akatanga kutyaira nyika yose pane "lobotomobile", achipa maitiro anotsvaga kune vose vanotambura nekuora mwoyo uye zvimwe zvinetso zvehutano hwemitsipa. Walter haana kutema lobes yepamberi: akaisa banga kuti aparadze ice iri kuburikidza nejecha reziso uye akacheka maitiro ehutachiona. Mune rimwe guta muguta reAmerica raakashanyira, pane vanhu vaiita sevanofamba vafa, vasingakwanisi kufunga kweuchenjeri. Mushure mekunyadzisa kukuru, nzira yacho yakakurumidza kupera.