Mukushandura kubva muchiGiriki, archetype "muenzaniso". Dzidziso yeArchetypes yakagadzirwa nemudzidzi weZ Z. Freud Karl Gustav Jung. Akashandurazve psychoanalysis uye sechikonzero chakazara kunzwisisa kwakaoma kwakabuda, zvichienderana nefilosofi, psychology, mabhuku, nhoroondo nemamwe masimo evo ruzivo. Chii chinonzi archetype - munyaya ino.
Archetype - chii ichocho?
Inonzwisiswa sezvose zvakakosha zvehutano hwevanhu, izvo zvinosarudza zvinodiwa nemunhu, manzwiro ake, pfungwa uye mufambiro. Archetype yakabatana isingazivi , yakagara nhaka kubva kumadzitateguru kuburikidza nehutano. Munhu wese anosarudza mumwe wake maererano nechechi yake, anoifarira, anounza vana, nezvimwewo. Kuva nechinangwa chechimiro ichi chakanaka cheunhu, mutapi anogona kubatsira munhu kubvisa matambudziko uye kunyange kuchinja mamiriro ehupenyu hwake.
Archetypes yeJung
Pakati peArchetypes, zvinhu zvinoputika zvepfungwa, uye mifananidzo yezvinyorwa zvinogadzirwa zvepfungwa dzepakutanga, pane zvakananga. Chokutanga, munyori akaita mifananidzi, zvinozivikanwa, ndokubva ataura pfungwa yokuti mumwe anogadzira mumwe. Ive archetype yeJung ndeyevanhu vose uye inotora nhaka. Zvifananidzo zvepakutanga zvinowanikwa mumvura yakadzika isina chimiro, kunze kwemiganhu yemunhu.
Kuwedzera kwavo mupfungwa uye kujekesa kunoratidza matarenda emunhu, mano ake ekusika. Mumabasa ake, Jung zvinotarisa kuongororwa kwenhema dzevanhu vemunyika. Gare gare, anoshandisa archetype kurondedzera zvakasikwa zvachose (mythological) motifs iri pasi pemhando ipi zvayo yeurongwa. Nzvimbo yakakosha mumatongerwo ake akaitwa "mask", "anime", "mumvuri", "self". Vakawanda vakaonekwa nemunyori ane ma heroes emabasa ekunyora. "Shad" ndeyeMephistopheles Goethe mu "Faust", "Zvekare murume akachenjera" ndiZarathushtra muNietzsche.
Archetype yevakachenjera
Anonziwo anofunga, izvo izvo zvemweya zvakakosha kudarika zvinhu. Muchenjeri akadzikama uye akaunganidza, akaisa pfungwa. Kwaari, kusazvipira uye nyore zviriko zvinokosha. Archetypes yehuunhu ane rumwe ruvara rwakasiyana, saka kune munhu akachenjera izvi zvinonzwisisika, zvisingaoneki mumvuri. Kunze kwemafilosofi vangaita sevari kutonhora uye vanhu vasina kubatana, asi izvi hazvisi izvo. Vanongosarudza kutaura zvisina maturo uye zvinokuvaraidza mabasa, kutsvaga chokwadi. Vanogara vachiedza, kudzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva, kusika uye nemazano avo akachenjera anobatsira munhu wose.
Archetype Animus
Iyi ndeimwe yemasikirwo evanhukadzi - chikamu chechikadzi chepfungwa yemunhu. Iri jungian archetype rinoratidza manzwiro, mafungiro uye mafungiro emunhu, manzwiro ake. Mariri yose maitiro edzimai epfungwa anofungidzirwa - kukurumidza kushandura mafungiro, kuporofita kwepfungwa, kukwanisa kugumbidzana murudo kamwechete nehupenyu hwose. Jung akati nezveanime sekugadzirira kweka. Makore mashomanana apfuura, varume, vaine hanya neanime, vanonzi animatous. Izvi zvinotsamwisa, zvisingatauriki uye zvinonyoresa zviri nyore vamiririri vehutano hwakasimba, iyo psyche iyo inopindirana nechisimba chisina kukodzera kumasimba ayo.
Archetype Animus
Mhedziso yechipiri yehutano ndeye chikamu chechidiki chepfungwa yemukadzi. Iyi archetype yeJung inobereka pfungwa, apo hupenyu hunoita mafungiro. Kazhinji, zvitendero zvakasimba zvevakadzi hazvibvumirwi zvakananga, asi kana akasarudza chimwe chinhu ... Zvakanaka animus zvinokonzera kunzwisisa kwemukadzi, kuzvipira kwake kuzvitendero zvose. Uye iyo yakaipa inogona kuiendesa kune chiito chisina maturo. Iyi archetype inowanikwa muhukuru hunotarisana nemukadzi. Uye zvakanyanya kufanana nemumiri wehutano husina simba hunotarisa, simba rinowedzera mairi.
Iyo yekupedzisira inogona kutora pamabasa uye pamwe chete hana. Mafungiro eve animus anogara ari pamwe chete uye anomira pamusoro pekutonga kwemunhu oga. Iko rudzi rwe "kambani yemitemo" yeArchetype ndiyo munhu weiyo animus. Iye uye anovandudza, pasi pesimba rekuti mukadzi anoshandisa mazwi asingazivikanwi mumutauro wake, anoshandisa mazwi okuti "anozivikanwa", "saka ita zvose", kuunganidza ruzivo kubva mumabhuku, kunzwa nezvekukurukurirana, nezvimwewo. Kufunga kwepfungwa kunogona kuchinja nyore nyore.
Archetype ye Self
Jung akafunga kuti iye ndiye archetype mukuru-archetype wehutsika hweunhu, hukuru. Iyo inobatanidza vanoziva uye vasina chavanoziva, vanowiridza kukwana kwezvinhu zvinopesana zvepfungwa. Kuziva archetypes yemunhu nekutsvaga humwe hutumbi hwehutano, Jung akawana hupenyu hwepakutanga, achifunga zvose-kusanganisira. Icho chiratidzo chekushandura kwakasimba uye chibvumirano chekupesana. Iyo pachayo inogona kuzviratidza pachayo mukurota sechifananidzo chisina basa. Muvanhu vazhinji, hazvina kusimbiswa uye havazivi chinhu pamusoro payo.
Shadow Archetype
Jung anomuti "anti-I". Izvi ndizvo zviito zvehutano izvo munhu asingazivi uye haadi kuwona. Ive archetype yemumvuri maererano naJung ndeye rima, rakaipa, chikamu chemhuka cheunhu, iyo iyo mutakuri anoderedza. Izvi zvinopesana nezvido zvisingagamuchirwi nemafungiro, zviito zvechisimba. Muenzaniso uyu une archetype iyi: kana basa guru riri munhu wepanyama anenge achida kusimba manzwiro, ipapo mumvuri wake uchava mhando yekufungidzira iyo panguva yakareba isingatarisiri inogona kuzviratidza semadhiabhorosi kubva mubhokisi.
Mumvuri unokura apo mumwe anokura uye anozviziva, munhu wese anotanga kunzwisisa pamusoro pake pachake mukuderera kwehupenyu hwake. Kutarisana nemumvuri kunogona kuva nekuzvipa kune mumwe nomumwe uye mune izvi zvinoremekedzwa Makatorike eKaturike, mukureurura kwechimwe chinhu chakadai. Munhu wose anofanira kunzwisisa uye kunzwisisa kuti panguva ipi zvayo akagadzirira kuita zvakaipa uye zvinangwa.
Archetype munhu
Muchirevo chakareruka, iyo masikisi iyo munhu anosungirira kuita chimwe chinhu. Marudzi eArchetypes anosiyanisa munhu sechikamu chepfungwa, akatarisana nekunze uye anoshumira mabasa ekugadzirisa. Iyo masikisi inoratidzirwa nekubatana, saka iyo inhengo yeboka rose re psyche. Munhu wacho anoita sechinhu chisina kukanganisa pakati pevanhu uye sangano. Kuisa pane mask, munhu ari nyore kuyanana nevamwe. Avo vasina kumbovaka munhu vanonzi vasinganzwisisiki sociopaths. Asi mamiriro akasiyana zvachose haana kunaka, sezvo inoparadza unhu hwemunhu.
Archetype Mwari
Muteveri wechidzidziso cheJungian ndiGen Shinoda Bohlen, uyo akadzidza vakadzi nevarume vemaArchetypes mumhepo. Kune mifananidzo yevarume vemachinyorwa yaakashandura kuti vaiti vaMwari vanotevera:
- Zeus - ane simba-anoda uye ane simba, kuzvivimba .
- Hadhesi - yakanyarara uye isina chakavanzika, yakasununguka.
- Apollo - akakura uye anonzwisisa, ane njere.
- Hephaestus ari kushanda nesimba uye akasimba.
- Dionysus - yakadzika uye isina kupesana.
Marudzi eArchetypes maererano naJung pakati peMwari-vakadzi ndea:
- Artemis akasimba uye ane ngozi. Haatenderi mitemo.
- Athena akachenjera uye ane simba-anoda, anogona kukanganisa manzwiro uye kuongorora chokwadi chete.
- Aphrodite isimba uye ine tsitsi.
- Tyuf - inopesana, ichiedza kuratidzira hukuru, asi panguva imwechete isingagoni kupa migumisiro yezviito zvavo.
- Hecate muhombe mukuru. Vaya vanofanirwa kune rudzi urwu vanowanzoita zvemashiripiti.
Munhu mumwe nomumwe unobatanidza maviri kana matatu kana kupfuura archetypes. Vanomanikidzana mumwe nomumwe, vanokunda mumwe kune mumwe, vachidzora vatakuri vavo, vachitarisa kuwanda kwezvavanoda, kutungamirirwa kwebasa ravo, kubatisisa kune zvimwe zvinangwa. Aya maMwari ndiyo nzira inogona kugadzirisa yehutsika, asi zvizhinji zvichaenderana nekurera, kukwanisa kwevanhu kugadzirisa, kusangana uye kugadzirisa zvinotarisirwa nevamwe.
Jung ndiye archetype amai
Izvi ndizvo zvakaipa zvezvinhu zvose uye kutanga kwezvinhu zvose. Iyi archetype yepfungwa inonyanya kusiyanisa, nokuti mune chero upi zvake hwepfungwa, chimiro ichi chinowedzera. Panguva imwecheteyo, inogona kuzviratidza sechinhu uye ipapo mutakuri wayo achava nematambudziko mukubata nezvinhu. Kana archetype inokanganisa mhuri uye hukama hwemagariro evanhu, ipapo kukanganisa kupi zvayo kuchazviratidzira mumatambudziko ekugadzirisa, kutaurirana. Zvakanaka, chiitiko chechitatu chechibereko chinoita kuti munhu anotakura ave nemimba, atakure uye abereke, kana mukana wekupedzisa basa.
Mwana Archetype
Iyi archetype in psychology inonzi Divine. Uye zvose nokuti ine simba rose remweya, simba rose rezvisikwa uye pamwe chete hazvizivi. Kune rumwe rutivi, mwana asingagoni kuzvidzivirira anogona kuparadzwa nemumwe munhu, asi kune mumwewo, unoratidzwa nesimba guru. Kuziva kwomutakuri kunogona kubvamburwa nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana anopesana, asi mhemberero yekutengesa yomwana inovabatanidza.
Muchenjeri wechenjeri naJung
Ichi ndicho chimiro chinoshamisa kwazvo, chinomiririra kukosha kwezivo neruzivo. Mukadzi akadaro angave anofarira zvakavanzika zvekuva, chitendero uye esotericism. Anozvikomberedza nemapenzi, anotakura zvinyunyuti uye kazhinji maziso. Kune vatakuri ve archetype yakadaro, intuition yakakosha zvikuru inhu. Mienzaniso yeJung archetypes inosanganisira Mary Poppins. Izvi zvakaratidzwa mufirimu "Muse". Saka vanoshevedza chiedza chechiroyi. Rutivi rwenyama runoratidzwa mukukwanisa kufungidzira nekunyengera, kuchenjerera, kutungamirira, kumutsa chido.
The archetype yejester naJung
Ichi ndicho chigadziro chekugadzira archetype, inofunga kuti isingaoneki maonero ezvinhu. Dzidziso yeArchetypes inosanganisira zviratidzo zvizhinji, asi izvi chete zvinotidzidzisa kuti tibate nyore upenyu tisingafungi nezvinofungwa nevamwe. Benzi semwenje wekuedza mukusaziva kwemazuva ano uye kusakosha kwemazuva ose ehurumende. Anounza mhirizhonga munyika yakarongeka uye anoita kuti kurota uku kuzadzike. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekushuva uye kurara, kutamba, izvo munhu angakwanise kuzvipa muhucheche chete.
Archetype yebenzi inobatsira vanhu kuti vaende mumvura, vabve mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Vakasununguka uye vane ushamwari, uye vanokwanisa kuchinja kunyange basa rakawanda uye basa rinokuvadza mukugadzirwa kwekusika, kuti vauye kugunzva kwekufara uye kunakidza. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiSemyon Semyonovich mufirimu "The Diamond Arm". Charlie Chaplin uye musikana anonakidza Tosya kubva mufirimu "Girls" zvakare vane vamiririri ve jester.