Kuendeswa kune dzimwe nguva nemadonhwe emhepo, kunze kwemavara akasiyana-siyana, anogona kutapukirwa nekutarisana nemurwere. Kunewo kuputika kwechirwere chinonzi diphtheria, umo mazvirwere zvakagadzirirwa mumukaka, mavara ekugadzira uye mhizha dzakadaro. Bata chirwere ichi nekuisa antitoxin chaiyo serum.
Diphtheria causative agent
Chirwere chacho ibhakitiriya mune zvakasikwa uye chinokonzerwa ne diphtheria bacillus (Corynebacterium diphtheriae). Diphtheria mabhakitiriya anooneka (pasi pe microscope) yakaonda, zviduku zviduku, 3-5 yakareba uye yakareba kusvika ku3.3 micrometer. Nemhaka yehutano hwekuparadzaniswa, mabhakitiriya anowanzorongwa nenzira yehuta V kana Y.
Mafomu uye zviratidzo zvedimphtheria
Nguva yekudzivirira iyo chirwere inosvika kubva pa2 kusvika ku7, muzviitiko zvisingawanzo - kusvika mazuva gumi. Mune nzvimbo yekuratidzwa, diphtheria ye oropharynx inoratidzika (90-95% yezviitiko zvose zvechirwere), mhino, kuputika, maziso, ganda uye nhengo dzebereki. Kana nhengo dzakawanda dzakatambudzwa, saka zvakasiyana-siyana zvinonzi zvakabatanidzwa. Uyewo, chirwere chacho chakakamurwa kuva chimiro-chinowanikwa uye chakasviba, uye zvakasimba-kuva chiedza, chikati uye chakaremera.
Zviratidzo zvikuru zve diphtheria ndezvi:
- Subfebrile kutsetse (kwenguva refu, mukati ma37-38 ° C).
- General kushaya simba.
- Svetwa nehuro, kuoma kunomedza.
- Kuwedzera matani.
- Edema yezvinyoro zvinyoro mumutsipa.
- Kuwedzera kwemidziyo yeropa uye edema ye nasopharyngeal mucosa.
- Kuumbwa kwemaranda (kakawanda-machena uye mawere) mufananidzo wefirimu, kuburikidza nechirwere chacho uye akawana zita racho (diphtheria - kubva muchiGiriki "diphthera" - firimu, chidimbu). Ne diphtheria ye-nasopharynx (yakanyanya kufanana), iyo firimu inobatanidza toni, asi inogona kupararira kumatenga, kumativi emadziro epa pharynx, larynx.
- Kuwedzera kwemiromo yecervical lymph nodes.
Vaccination
Zvichipa kuti diphtheria chirwere chine ngozi, ine maitiro akaoma anogona kutungamirira kurufu, kurwara nguva dzose kunowanikwa munyika dzakawanda pasi rese kudzivirira utachiona nekuhuparadzira. Huchivha kubva ku diphtheria inoitwa kuvana kubva pamakore matatu. Iye zvino, chikamu chemishonga inobatanidzwa, yakadai seAdP, ADS-M (kubva ku diphtheria uye tetanus) uye DTP (kubva ku diphtheria, tetanus uye pertussis).
Kuvhara kwokutanga kunoitwa katatu, uye kupera kwemazuva 30-40. Mune ramangwana, chirwere chacho chinofanira kudzokororwa kwemakore gumi nerimwe. Zvinotendwa kuti chirwere hachipi kupa 100% kudzivirirwa pakurwereka, asi njodzi yechirwere ichi inonyatsoderedzwa, uye kune varwere zvishoma.
Pamitachiona inoshandiswa, DTP ine zvimwe zvinopesana nemigumisiro yakaipa nekuda kwezvinhu zvinoputika. Ichi chirwere chinopiwa kune vana pasi pemakore manomwe emakore. Mishonga ASD uye ASD-M inoshandiswa kurwisa vana vakwegura kupfuura makore manomwe. Kupindirana kwezvirwere kune hutachiona hwakawanda, zvirwere zvisingaperi zvepachirwere chekuwedzera, kushaya simba kwekuzvidzivirira, kuberekwa kwekuberekwa, kutadza kusati kwasvika kune chirwere chekare, kuvapo kwemwana kana nhengo yemhuri yezvirwere zvinotyisa kana kuputika, zvirwere zvinopisa zvepachirwere, chirwere chepfungwa uye mwoyo, kurwara mumhando ipi zvayo.
Zvinetso zve diphtheria
- Kushungurudzika kunotyisa. Inogona kukura nehupfukidzi dhihtheria mudanga rakaoma. Inowanikwa kana pazuva rechipiri chechirwere, apo zviratidzo zvechirwere zvisati zvanyanyisa, kana kuti 3-5, pachirwere chechirwere. Nezvinetso izvi, zvipembenene zvinonzi adrenal, chiropa uye mwoyo zvinonyanya kukanganiswa. Nekuvandudzwa kwehutsinye hunotyisa, huwandu hwekufa hukuru.
- Myocarditis iko kuputika kwemutsipa wemwoyo (myocardium). Kubudirira kwezvinetso izvi kunobva pakukura kwechirwere chacho, uye mumhando dzakasvibisa kupfuura 85% yematambudziko anoonekwa.
- Polineuropathy ndiko kukundwa kwemakumbo emhepo, izvo zvinotungamirira kukurudzirwa kwepresis uye kupora.
- Asphyxia - nemhaka yedema yemarara.