Chii chiri kuzvidzidzisa? Kune munhu, chero nguva ipi zvayo, zvaakawana nesimba rake, unyanzvi uye kutsungirira nguva dzose zvaikosha. Basa rekuzvidzidza mukugadzirwa kwehupenyu ndiro rinokosha zvikuru: kuratidza munhu kune nyika mune zvakasiyana uye zvakasiyana.
Kudzidzira-chii?
Kudzidzira-dzidzo ndiyo yekuziva kuda kwevanhu kune chinangwa uye nekuzvimiririra kuziva zvaanogona, zvakapiwa nenzira yakasikwa. Nokuda kwekuzadza zvizere zvakakosha kuva neruzivo rwakadzika pamusoro pako, kukwana kwehuunhu huno, hurikudzidzira hunodiwa hunodiwa, kukwanisa kugadzirisa kufunga . Ndezvipi dzidzo-ino nyaya yakanyatsotsvakurudzwa nevanyori, mafilosofi, vadzidzisi, mafirologists kubvira kare kare.
Psychology of self-education
Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinotaura kuti mweya wevanhu ndiyo simba rinokurudzira kusimba kwayo. Iko pfungwa yekuzvidzidzo inosanganisira maitiro akawanda ezvimwe zvinhu: kuumbwa kwehutano, simba, kukurudzirwa kwemutsara wekuzvibata. Erich Fromm - German psychoanalyst uye mufilosofi wezana remakore rechi20, mumashoko ake akataura nezvehupenyu hwehupenyu hwemunhu-kupa upenyu kwaari, kuva izvo zvaanogona. Chimwe chinonyanya kukosha chekuedza ndiko unhu hwake. Zvinokonzera zvinangwa zvinoumba mafungiro emunhu kuti azviite pachedu.
Chii chakazvidzivirira pachako?
Kuzvidzidza muhupenyu hwevanhu vakuru - chinangwa chayo chinonyanya kutsvaga basa rakadzama remunhu pamusoro pemunhu wake uye rinosanganisira:
- kukurira mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma nemamiriro ezvinhu - izvi zvinongomutsa munhu;
- kushanda kunze kwekunhu hwakanaka uye kukudziridza zvakanaka;
- kudzidziswa mukugadzirisa nekudzora manzwiro - kukwidziridza hutano hwekunzwisisa mupfungwa ;
- kunyatsoteerera nzira yemunhu muhupenyu.
Sei uchida kuzvidzidza?
Kuzvidzivirira kweumwe munhu inzira inokosha yekugadzirisa kupesana uye kukakavadzana kunoenderana nekudiwa kwevanhu kuti vachinje ivo pachavo. Kubvumirana haisi nguva dzose inofadza, asi zvinodikanwa nokuda kwechikonzero chakanaka. Munhu anoziva maitiro avo asina kunaka, anotarisana nemanzwiro asina kunaka eine mhosva, utsinye, shungu - izvi zvinorwadza, uye panguva imwechete, kuporesa mhedziso. Kuzvidzivirira uye kubudirira kunobatsira:
- kuti ufare iwe pachako uye kuvanhu vanovapoteredza;
- mufaro wekukunda unotanga kuve neutongi, chido chekuuya kune rubatsiro rweavo vanoda
- kuti aone kuzviratidza kuzviratidza;
- kuti kubudirire.
Nzira dzokuzvidzidza
Chii chinonyatsokwanisa kuzvidzidza uye ndeipi nzira dzekuzvidzidza? Chirevo chinozivikanwa: "Age of Life - Age of Learning" inoratidza zvakanaka nzira yekuzvidzidzisa iwe pachako. Munhu akaisa tsoka pamugwagwa uyu anoramba achivandudzwa "kuburikidza neminzwa kune nyeredzi". Nzira dzinobatsira kuronga zvinhu munzira yekuzvidzidza:
- Kuzvisunga : kuzvitaurira iwe pachavo nekuvatevera, kuburikidza nekuyeuchidza nguva dzose uye kutsvaga kuzadzika - izvi zvinotungamirira pakuumbwa kwemitiro wakagadzikana.
- Kunzwira tsitsi - kuwirirana nemanzwiro evamwe, "kuzviona" panzvimbo yeumwe - kunobatsira kuunza unhu hunhu. Munhu kubva kunzwiro wekunzwira tsitsi anogona kuzviona iye kubva kunze, sevanhu vanovapoteredza vanoona.
- Kuzvipira-kana kuratidzira- kudzidzisa - kudzidzisa kuda uye zvishoma nezvishoma kusava neunhu hunofadza kunopedzwa.
- Kuzvipira - nekuda kwekusachengeta mitemo nemitoro, chirango chinogadziriswa, icho chinoratidzwa tisati tatora zvido.
- Kuzvitsoropodza - kupesana kwepakati kunotungamirira kumabasa pakuzvivandudza.
- Kuzvidzora kunobva pakuzviremekedza. Nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kuti dzinodzokorora kudarika kwavo zvinonzwika, saka ivo pachavo vanokwezva kune izvo zvinoda kuitwa.
- Kuzvitsvakurudza (kuzvifunga-kuzviratidza) - kunosanganisira kuzvidzora, kuchengeta diary, kuzvitaura.
Nzira yekutanga sei dzidzo?
Kuzvidzidza uye kuzvidzidza kwomunhu wacho kunotanga nemucheche achiri mukurera mukurera mwana nevabereki, kuburikidza nekuona mitemo, mitemo, pakuongorora mabasa evana nevakuru. Iyo nzira inozivikanwa yakatanga kubva paudiki. Munhu asina kugamuchira kutarirwa kwakakodzera uye kuziviswa kwezvaanogona mumhuri anogona kuzvikudziridza zvose izvo zvinokosha kwaari.
Nzira yekuzvikoro-dzidzo inotanga nematanho maduku:
- kunzwisisa nokunzwisisa kwekuda kwekushandurwa mukati mawo;
- kutsunga kutora matanho ekuzvitsva-kuchinja;
- chinyararire mukati mechikonzero nekutenda mukubudirira;
- kuisa (kutsanangura) zvinangwa uye zvinangwa;
- Sarudzo yenzira uye nzira.
Dambudziko rekuzvidzidza
Dambudziko rekuzvidzidza uye kuzvigadzirisa kubva kare kare raive rakabatwa ne "pfungwa dzakapenya" dzevanofunga, vazivi. Pfungwa yekuzvidzidzo inopfuurira nekusingaperi nguva dzose - kuchinja zvisingazivikanwi, uye zvakadaro ine chokwadi chisingaperi. Plato, Socrates, Aristotle - yekutanga inoshanda umo iwe unogona kuona kukosha kwezvivo-ruzivo uye kubuda kwemunhu semunhu ari mukuzvivandudza. Nharaunda inoda vanhu vakasimba, vane zvipo vakakurira maitiro akanaka ehutsika. Dambudziko rinoratidzirwa mukuti munhu anogona kusarudza zvido zvenhema, zvinangwa nekuvatevera.
Vanhu vakuru vanobatanidzwa mukuzvidzidza
Kuzvidzivirira kwevanhu vakakurumbira muenzaniso wakanaka kwazvo wekugona kukunda dambudziko rakaoma, mamiriro asina kukodzera, kurwara. Vose: vanyori, vanyori, mafilosofi, vaimbi, vatungamiriri vemabhizimisi uye nyika - vanoisa chinangwa chekubudirira, chakanaka uye kuburikidza nega-dzidzo ivo vakawana zvakawanda.
- Demosthenes ndechekare mutauri wechiGiriki. Ramba uchikunda kukunda mutauro wakasimba-wakasungirirwa, inzwi risina simba nechisikirwo, kuomanikidza kuburitsa pamapfudzi. Kudzi-dzidzo yakabatsira Demosthenes kuva mumiririri mukuru uye kutaura mumatare, kutungamira mune zvematongerwo enyika.
- Peter Mukuru - "mambo ane mavoko mumaoko ake" - mutongi weRussia aida kutaura pamusoro pake. Kuburikidza nomuenzaniso wake wekuzvidzivirira uye kuisa unhu mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, akaisa muenzaniso kuvanhu vake.
- A.P. Chekhov , munyori weRussia, akazviwana ari mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma mushure mekuparadzwa kwemhuri yake, akasvika pakugumisa kuti zvakanga zvakafanira kukudziridza "iron inoda kushanda". Munyori wacho akatenda kuti "urema hwakaberekwa mberi kwake" uye kuzvidzidza uye kubudirira kwezvakagadzirwa zvingabatsira Chekhov kuitika mubhizinesi rekunyora.
- Franklin Roosevelt ndiye Mutungamiri weUnited States. Iyo purogiramu yakasimba yezuva kubva paudiki chaizvo uye chido chezivo yakadzika chinhu chinogara chiripo chokuzvipira-dzidzo muupenyu hwose.
- Albert Einstein inyanzvi ye physics. Muhuduku hwake akataura zvakashata, kubva pakuona kwevadzidzisi aive akazivikanwa nokuda kweupenzi hwake, kunonoka uye kusakwanisa kwekudzidza. Musayendisiti akaratidza kushingaira uye kushingaira mune ramangwana. Rusununguko rwekufunga, kukura kwetarenda - izvi zvose chibereko chekuedza kweEinstein mukuzvipira kwega.
- A.Nevsky, L.N. Tolstoy, L. Beethoven, MuVincent. Gogh, DF Nash, Frida Kahlo, Mohammed Ali, Stevie Wonder, Mithun Chakraborty, Stephen Hawking, Nico Vuychich iri kure nekukwaniswa kwevanhu vakakunda kukura kwekuve, kusakwana, zvirwere kuburikidza nekuzvivandudza uye kuzvipira.
Mabhuku pamusoro pezvedzidzo
Chii chinorehwa nekuzvidzidza-izvi zvinogona kuverengwa mune zvinyorwa zvevanhu vakakurumbira, zvinyorwa zvavo zvehupenyu:
- "Dzidzo uye kuzvikoro" VA. Sukhomlinsky
- "Psychology of Education" LM. Zubin
- "Kuzviziva uye kuzvidzidza kweunhu" Yu.M.Orlov
- "Bhuku rine simba pamusoro pewe" E.Robbins
- "Mitemo yevanokunda" B.Shefer
- "Dzidzo yekuzvidzidza uye yekuita-maitiro emitemo yevechiri kuyaruka" N.F. Yakovleva, M.I. Shilov
- "Upenyu Husina Muganhu" naNiko Vuychich