Izvo zvinoitika kuti mazwi echigoni anowana nzvimbo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Saka shoko rokuti zugzwang, rinotaura nezvekutsvaga che chess mubhodhi, dzimwe nguva rinoshandiswa kurondedzera mamiriro ezvinhu apo hapana chinogona kuitwa kune iwe pachako, asi hachizoshandi.
Zugzwang - chii ichi?
Izwi risingazivikanwi rakabva kune rechiGerman izwi Zugzwang, zvinoreva "kumanikidza kuenda." Mu checkers kana chess, anoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kune mutambi, apo chero chekufamba kwake kunotungamirira pakuora kwechinzvimbo chiripo. Kufamba chero chimiro kunoreva chikonzero chakanaka chakaipa. Mupfungwa yakafara, aya ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu umo rimwe remapato ari kutambidzwa rinomanikidzwa mune zvavanoita. Zugzwang haisi nzvimbo chete ye chess. Parizvino, izwi iri rinoshandiswa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva nenzira yekufananidzira, uye inoshandiswawo mumitambo yakadaro nemabasa se:
- kuringisa;
- mabhiriyoni;
- bhodhi nemakadhi ekadhi.
Chii chinonzi zugzwang mune zvematongerwe enyika?
Muhupenyu hwezvematongerwe enyika, se chess, zvakakosha kuverenga zviito zvako "nekuti zvishoma zvinoenderera mberi." Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, munhu ane simba anomanikidzirwa nevashori kune chiito chakaipa, kana kuti anozviisa mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka, saka zugzwang mune zvematongerwo enyika. Inogona kuva mugumisiro wekutaurirana pamwe chete kana kuverenga kusina kururama. Munhu kana kunyange nyika yose mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai haagoni kubuda kubva, sezvo chero kufamba kwekupedzisira kunongowedzera.
Zugzwang muhupenyu
Mune zvinobudiswa zvemashoko ndeye fashoni kumirira zvinhu zvezuva nezuva semitambo yemutambo. Kushandisa pfungwa nenzira yekufananidzira, hupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika uye hwemagariro, kunyange hukama pakati pevanhu hunogona kurondedzerwa semutambo unonyengera. Muchiitiko ichi, "nzvimbo yeZugzwang" icharondedzera dambudziko mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana:
- hupfumi;
- state structure;
- unyanzvi hwemasayenzi (sayenzi, unyanzvi);
- rudo, nezvimwewo.
Mutual Zugzwang
Iko pfungwa ye zugzwang inoshamisa uye yakazara. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma haasi ivo vatambi chete. Asi kana tichitaura pamusoro peshoko rekutanga rezwi, tinokwanisa kusiyanisa zvinyorwa zvaro. Zugzwang in chess happens:
- mutual - kana pakarepo vatambi vaviri vasina chavanobatsira;
- imwe-yakabatana (inobvumirwa chete nekamwe chete);
- positional - nzvimbo yemutambi inowedzera, asi haatakuri kurasikirwa nezvinhu;
- kufungidzira - apo mumwe mupikisi ari kunyanya kumirira kukundwa.
Nzira yakaoma zvikuru yekubuda mumamiriro ezvinhu iyo apo mapande maviri ari kurasikirwa nemamiriro. Nhanho imwe neimwe yeanopikisana ichasangana nechiito chine migumisiro yakaipa isingarambiki. Hakuna rumwe rutivi rwakakwanisa kuita kunyange kutama kwematongerwe enyika, hazvina maturo chete. Asi kana izwi rinoshandiswa kune unhu hwepfungwa, pane chess game, zviri nyore kuwana mhinduro, nokuti zvakakosha kutungamirirwa kwete nemanzwiro chete, asiwo nemanzwiro. Kazhinji vepfungwa dzepfungwa vanofunga nzvimbo ye zugzwang pakati pepedyo vanhu: murudo, mumhuri, muhukama.
Nzira yekubuda nayo zugzwang mune ukama?
Muhukama pakati pevanhu, mamiriro ezvinhu e zugzwang inzvimbo yeumwe wevadzidzi apo inomanikidzwa kuita zvisizvo zvisina maturo kana zvakaipa. Iwe unogona kubva kune anokunda nenzira dzakawanda:
- Shandura mabasa pamwe neshamwari.
- Ita zvisungo zvekubatana, sangana.
- Wedzera simba kana kuishandura munzira yakarurama. Iko ndiko, kubvisa kubva kune vamwe vashandi: mari, basa, shamwari. Fungisisa pane mumwe wako. Usasvike.
- Ibva pane zvinoitika. Dhairai muhurukuro yekukurukurirana motokari, zvisikwa uye chido.
- Nzira yekuita zvisarudzo nekuseka.
- Iva nemoyo murefu zvakakwana. Zvichida tora nguva.
Nhasi izwi rokuti zugzwang rinowanzoshandiswa: rinotsanangura ukama pakati pezvematongerwe enyika, nyika, commonwealths, nezvimwe. Semuenzaniso, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti Russia neU.U EU vachangobva kutamba mitambo yakaoma, iyo dzimwe nguva inofanirwa kudzoka kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakagamuchirwa uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza basa. Kushamwaridzana kwepabonde nguva dzose kunonetsa hukama, zvikanganiso zvinotungamirira kumigumisiro yakaipa.