Pfungwa ye "Janus-maziso maviri" anozivikanwa kune vakawanda semashoko anotsanangurwa, ayo anowanzoshandiswa kune munhu asina hanya, murume maviri. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvose zvinobatsira zvehutano uyo akapa zita iyi epithet, zvose zvakakanganwika kwenguva refu uye zvisingaiti.
Yakatarisana naJanus maviri - ndiani uyu?
Muzvinyorwa zvekare zveRoma, mwari wekanguva Janus, mutongi weLatin, anozivikanwa. Kubva kuna Mwari Wemasimbaose aSaturn, akagamuchira simba rinoshamisa rekuona zvisati zvaitika uye remangwana uye chipo ichi chakaratidzirwa muchitarisiko cheumwari - aive akaratidzwa ane zviso zviviri zvakashandurwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Nokudaro zita rokuti "maonero maviri", "maviri-akatarisa." Kufanana nemhare dzose dzenhema, mambo weLatium - nyika yeRoma - zvishoma nezvishoma yakava "unhu hunobatsira":
- mutariri wenguva;
- muchengeti wezvinhu zvose uye zvipo;
- mwari wekutangira kose uye kuguma kose;
- mutakuri wezvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa munyika ino.
The Legend of Janus-faced Janus
Isati yasvika muchitendero cheJupiter munhoroondo dzevaRoma, nzvimbo yake yaive yakabatwa naJanus-ane mwari wenguva, uyo akatungamirira zuva rezuva. Haana kuita chinhu chakawanda panguva yekutonga kwake munyika dzeRoma, asi maererano nenyaya yake yaive nesimba pamusoro pezvakaitika zvezvisikwa uye mutongi wevarwi vose uye maitiro avo. Dzimwe nguva unhu hwakaratidzwa nemakona muruoko rwake, uye zita rake muchiLatin rinoshandurwa se "mukova".
Pane nharo yokuti, mukukudza kwezviso zviviri zvakatarisana, mambo wechipiri weRoma ainzi Numa Pompilius akavaka temberi ine bhururo yendarira ndokuzarura masuo eimba pamberi pehondo. Kuburikidza nechechi yakapfuurira mauto achigadzirira kuenda kuhondo, uye akabvunza Mwari akatarisana nemeso maviri ekukunda. Masoja aidavira kuti mubatsiri aizova navo munguva yehondo. Zviso zviviri zvechiMwari zvaifananidzira kubudirira uye kukunda kudzoka. Masuo eTemberi haana kuvharwa munguva yehondo uye nhamo yeUmambo hweRoma chete katatu yakavharwa.
Janus - Mythology
Mwari Janus ndeimwe yekare kudarika munhoroondo dzechiRoma. Mwedzi wekenderenda wakatsaurirwa kwaari ndiJanuary (iyo "yakari"). VaRoma vaitenda kuti vanhu vaviri vakatarisana vakadzidzisa calculus, nokuti pamaoko ake vakanga vakanyorwa nhamba yakaenzana nemazuva egore:
- kuruoko rworudyi - 300 (CCC);
- kuruboshwe - 65 (LXV).
Mumazuva okutanga egore idzva, mhemberero dzaiitwa mukukudza kwehuMwari, zvipo zvakapihwa kune mumwe nemumwe uye michero, waini, mapepa akabayirwa, uye munhu anokosha kupfuura ose muhurumende ndiye muprista mukuru uyo akabayira nzombe chena yekudenga. Nokudaro, nechibayiro choga choga, sepakutanga kwechiitiko chimwe nechimwe, mwari ane mhare mbiri akadanwa. Aionekwa seakakosha kudarika mamwe ose evanhu veRoma uye akanga asingazivikanwi nemumwe wevarwi vezvinyorwa zvechiGiriki.
Janus naVesta
Ichitendero chemwari wenguva hachiparadzanisi kubva kuna mwarikadzi Vesta, muchengeti wemisasa. Dai Janus akatarisana nepamusoro-soro akafananidza mikova (uye mamwe ose masuo uye kubuda), ipapo Vesta akachengetedza kuti yaiva mukati. Akatakura simba rakaropafadzwa remoto mumisha. Veste yakapiwa nzvimbo pamusuo weimba, kunze kwemukova, wainzi "vestibulum." Mwarikadzi ainyanya kutaurwa pazvibayiro zvose. Temberi yake yakanga iri mumusangano wakatarisana neTemberi yeZviri-uye mukati mavo nguva dzose maiva nemoto.
Janus naEpimetheus
Mwari weRoma Janus uye titan Epimetheus, uyo akazova wokutanga kugamuchira musikana kubva kuZeus, asingabatanidzi mhemberero, asi vanhu vakapa mazita kune ma satellite maviri enyika Saturn, iri pedyo zvikuru. Rutivi pakati pechishanu nerechitanhatu ndeye 50 km chete. Shanduro yekutanga, iyo inonzi "maonero maviri", yakawanikwa nevayendisiti muna 1966, uye mushure memakore gumi nemaviri yakawanikwa kuti nguva yose iyi pane zvinhu zviviri zviri kufamba mumitambo yakakomberedzwa. Nokudaro, Janus akatarisana nepamusoro zvakare mwedzi weSaturn, iye ane zviso zviviri.
Mwari mukuru wevaRoma, maonero maviri aJanus, akanga asingaoneki mune imwe neimwe yevanamwari vakavapoteredza ndokuvapa simba risina simba. Akanga akaremekedzwa semuchenjeri, mutongi akarurama, mutariri wenguva. Izvo zvakatarisana zviviri zvakarasikirwa nemamiriro ake uye zvakapfuurira kuJupiter, asi izvi hazvibvumi kubva kune unhu hwemunhu. Nhasi, zita iri harina kufanirwa kunzi pasi, vanhu vanonyengedza, vanyepedzeri, asi vaRoma vekare havana kuita pfungwa iyi muchigamba.