Kazhinji zvirwere zvepabonde - iyo pfungwa yakanyanyisa, nokuti chirwere chacho chinogona kunge chisingaitiki munzvimbo ipi zvayo, uye mune imwe nzvimbo yenyika inogadzirisa chikamu chikuru chevanhu.
Kuongororwa kwezvirwere zvepabonde
Zvirwere zvakashata hazvisimuke kubva pazuva rokutanga rehupenyu, zvinogona kuzviratidza chete pashure pemakore mashomanana. Nokudaro, zvinokosha kuti uongorore nguva yakakwana yemararamiro evanhu, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore panguva yekudzivirira pamuviri uye panguva yekukura kwekuberekwa. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzokuongororwa:
- Biochemical. Inobvumira kusarudza kuvepo kweboka rezvirwere zvinosangana nezvinetso zvesimba remagetsi. Iyi nzira inosanganisira kuongororwa kwehutachiona ropa kune zvirwere zvema genetic, pamwe nehupamhi uye huwandu hwekudzidza kune dzimwe mvura dzemuviri.
- Cytogenetic. Iyo inoshandisa kuziva zvirwere zvinomuka nekuda kwekusawirirana mune sangano rekromosomes yejeri.
- Molecular-cytogenetic. Iyo inzira yakakwana pakuenzanisa neyekutanga uye inobvumira kufungidzira kunyange zvishoma zvishoma kuchinja kwegadziriro uye kurongeka kwemakromosomes.
- Syndromological . Zviratidzo zvezvemajeni zvinowanzoenderana nezviratidzo zvevamwe, zvirwere zvisiri zvechirwere. Chinokosha chemuitiro wekutsvaga ndechekusiyanisa kubva kumativi akawanda ezviratidzo zvakananga izvo zvinoratidza chirwere chechirwere chechizvarwa. Izvi zvinoitwa nekubatsirwa kwepurogiramu dzakakonzerwa nekombiyuta uye kunyatsoongorora kuburikidza ne geneticist.
- Molecular-genetic. Nzira yakakosha uye inovimbika. Inokubvumira kuti uongorore DNA neRNA yevanhu, kuona kana kushanduka kuduku, kusanganisira mukuenzanisa kweiucleotides. Inoshandiswa kuongororwa zvirwere zveMonogenic uye kuchinja.
- Ultrasound kuongorora:
- nhengo dzomukati - kutsvaga zvirwere zvekuberekwa mukati mevakadzi, zvikonzero zvekushaya vana;
- kuberekwa kwekuberekwa - nokuda kwekuongororwa kwekuberekwa kusina kunaka uye kuvapo kwemamwe zvirwere zvechromosomal.
Kurapa kwezvirwere zvema genetic
Kurapa kunoitwa nenzira zvitatu:
- Symptomatic. Haiti kubvisa chinokonzera chirwere ichi, asi kunobvisa zviratidzo zvinorwadza uye kunodzivirira kufambira mberi kwechirwere ichi.
- Aetiological. Iyo inobata zvakananga zvikonzera zvechirwere nekubatsirwa nenzira dzegadziriro yekugadzirisa.
- Pathogenetic. Inoshandiswa kushandura hutano uye hupenyu hwehupenyu mumuviri.
Mhando dzei genetic zvirwere
Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutano zvakagadzirirwa kuva mapoka matatu:
- Chromosomal aberrations.
- Zvirwere zveMonogenic.
- Zvirwere zvePolgenic.
Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti zvirwere zvekuzvarwa hazvivi zvezvirwere zvinotapirwa. iyo, kazhinji, inomuka kubva pakugadziriswa kwemagetsi kumucheche kana zvirwere zvinotapukira.
Rondedzero yezvirwere zvepabonde
Zvirwere zvinowanzozvarwa:
- hemophilia;
- ruvara upofu;
- Down syndrome;
- cystic fibrosis;
- spina bifida;
- Kanavan's disease;
- leucodystrophy Pelitseus-Merzbacher;
- neurofibromatosis;
- Angelmann's syndrome;
- Thea-Sachs chirwere;
- Chirwere chaCharcot-Marie;
- Joubert's syndrome;
- Prader-Willi syndrome;
- Turner syndrome;
- Klinefelter's syndrome;
- phenylketonuria.
Zvirwere zvisingawanzozivikanwa zvemageneti:
- misconception yeCapgrass;
- chirwere chemuviri mupenyu;
- lata;
- Klein-Levin chirwere;
- progeria;
- nzara yezvirwere;
- sharpened reflexion;
- micropsy;
- cicero;
- Stendhal's syndrome;
- chirwere chemusoro wekuputika;
- Roben's syndrome.
Kazhinji ruvara rwehutachiona rwezvirwere:
- porphyria;
- the Blashko line;
- bhudzi rebhuruu syndrome;
- hypertrichosis;
- Günther's disease.