Chii chinonzi swastika? Vakawanda, vasinganetseki, vachapindura - swastika yakashandiswa nefascists. Mumwe munhu achati - ndeyekare yevaSlavic amulet, uye zvose zviri zviviri zvichave zvakanaka uye zvisina kururama panguva imwe chete. Ndezvipi zvakapoteredza chiratidzo ichi chenhema uye nhema? Vanotaura kuti pane imwechete nhovo iyo Muporofita Oleg akarovererwa pamasuo eConstantinople, swastika yakaratidzwa.
Chii chinonzi swastika?
Swastika ndiyo chiratidzo chekare-kare, chakaonekwa kunyange nguva isati yasvika uye ine nhoroondo yakawanda. Marudzi mazhinji anokwikwidzana kodzero yekugadzira. Swastika mifananidzo yakawanikwa muChina, India. Ichi chiratidzo chakakosha. Chii chinonzi swastika - kusika, zuva, hukama. Shanduro yeshoko rokuti "swastika" kubva kuSanskrit rinoreva - unofarira zvakanaka uye rakanaka.
Swastika - mhedziso yechiratidzo
Chiratidzo cheswaska chiratidzo chezuva, chiratidzo chezuva. Icho chikuru chinoreva kufamba. Nyika inofamba-svetza zuva, nguva dzemazuva mana dzinogara dzichigadzirisa imwe neimwe - zviri nyore kuona kuti chinangwa chikuru chechiratidzo hachisi kungofamba chete, asi kusingaperi kusingaperi kwezvose. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanoti swastika chiratidzo chekuzungunuka kusingaperi kwechigamba. Swastika chiratidzo chezuva, vanhu vese vekare vanofananidzira mairi: pamapuranga emisha yeInca, machira ane chifananidzo che swastika akawanikwa, inowanika pamari yekare yeGiriki, kunyange pamifananidzo yebwe yeIsita Island kune swastika zviratidzo.
Mufananidzo wokutanga wezuva ndeyendenderedzwa. Zvadaro, achicherechedza mufananidzo wechina wekuve, vanhu vakatanga kutora muchinjikwa nemichina ine mana mumuggi. Zvisinei, mufananidzo wacho wakabuda wakadzika-uye zvinhu zvose zvinogara nokusingaperi mumasimba, uye ipapo mazhenje akapera-pamuchinjikwa wakave uchifamba. Aya mairi anofananidzirawo mazuva mana anokosha kumadzitateguru edu mugore - zhizha / winter solstice, spring uye autumn equinox. Mazuva ano anonzwisisa kuchinja kwemazuva emakore uye akashanda sezviratidzo paanoita zvekurima, apo kuvaka uye zvimwe zvakakosha munhau dzevanhu.
Swastika akabva uye akarurama
Tinoona kuti chiratidzo ichi chii. Izvo zvakaoma kwazvo kutsanangura mune zvisingabatsiri zvinonzi swastika zvinorevei. Iyo yakawanda uye yakawanda, inoratidza chiratidzo chekukosha kwekuve nezvose zvinoratidzwa, uye pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, swastika inosimba. Inogona kutenderera zvose kurudyi uye kuruboshwe. Vakawanda kwazvo vanovhiringidzika uye vanoona sechikamu chekutenderera kunotungamirirwa apo magumo emarima ari kutarisa. Izvi hazvina kunaka. Rutivi rwekuzungurudza runotsanangurwa nekunyorera angles. Enzanisa nerutsoka rwomunhu - kufamba kunotungamirirwa kunzvimbo iyo mabheji akakotama anotungamirirwa, uye kwete chitsitsinho.
Kuruboshwe-ruoko swastika
Pane chirevo chinotaura kuti kutenderera kwemaawa ari swastika yakarurama, uye zvinopesana nezvakaipa, rima, swastika pane zvakasiyana. Zvisinei, iyo inogona kunge isingabhadhari - yakarurama uye yakasara, yakasviba uye yakachena. Muzvisikwa, zvinhu zvose zvinoruramiswa - zuva rinotsiviwa usiku, zhizha - munguva yechando, hapana kugoverana kune zvakanaka nezvakaipa - zvose zviripo, zvinodiwa kune chero chinhu. Saka ne-swastika - hapana chakanaka kana chakaipa, kune rumwe rutivi rworuboshwe uye rworudyi-rutivi.
Kuruboshwe-ruoko swastika - rinotenderera neawa-rega. Ichi ndicho chirevo chekunatswa, kudzorerwa. Dzimwe nguva inonzi chiratidzo chekuparadzwa - kuvaka chimwe chinhu chiedza, unoda kuparadza yakare nerima. Iyo swastikas inogona kupfeka nekunze kwekushanduka, yakanzi "Muchinjikwa weKudenga" uye yakanga iri chiratidzo chekubatana, kupa kune uyo anoitakura, rubatsiro rwemadzitateguru ese emhuri uye kudzivirirwa kwemasimba ekudenga. Swastika yakasara-kuruboshwe yaifungidzirwa sechiratidzo chekuvhura kwezuva - pamwe chete.
Right-hand swastika
Kurudyi-ruoko swastika inotenderera maawa uye inoratidza kutanga kwezvose zviripo-kuberekwa, kukura. Icho chiratidzo chezuva rezuva - simba rokusika. Akanziwo - Novorodnik kana Sun cross. Akaratidza simba rezuva uye kubudirira kwemhuri. Chiratidzo chezuva uye swastika zvakaenzana munyaya iyi. Zvaitenda kuti zvinopa simba guru kune vaprista. Muporofita Oleg, ambotaurwa pakutanga, aiva nekodzero yokupfeka chiratidzo ichi pahovo yake, nokuti aiziva, ndiko kuti, aiziva Uchenjeri hwekare. Kubva pane izvi zvinotendwa uye yakaenda nheyo yekuratidza svondo yekare yeSlavonic ye swastika.
Slavic swastika
Swastika kuruboshwe uye kuruoko rworudyi rwevaSlav inonzi Kolovrat uye Posolon. Swastika Kolovrat izere nechiedza, inodzivirira kubva murima, Posolon anopa kushingaira uye kusimba kwemweya, chiratidzo chinoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chokuti munhu akasikwa kuti akure. Aya mazita maviri chete eboka guru reSlavic swastika zviratidzo. Vakagovana michinjikwa nemirazi yakavezwa. Izvozvo zvinogona kuva zvitanhatu, uye zvisere, zvakanamatira zvose kurudyi uye kuruboshwe, chiratidzo chimwe nechimwe chaiva nezita rayo uye chakanga chakaita kune rimwe basa revarindi. Zviratidzo zvikuru zve swastika pakati pevaSlav 144. Mukuwedzera kune vaSlav vakataurwa pamusoro apa vaiva:
- Sunflower;
- Inglia;
- Svarozic;
- Kuroora;
- Perunov chiedza;
- Denga rekumatenga uye kuwanda kwezvimwe zvekare zvichibva pane zvinhu zvezuva zve swastika.
Swastika wevaSlav neFascist - kusiyana
Kusiyana nefascist, vaSlav vakanga vasina zvikwata zvakasimba mumufananidzo wechiratidzo ichi. Miriza inogona kuva nhamba ipi zvayo, inogona kuputswa pamakona akasiyana, inogona kuve yakakomberedza. Chiratidzo che swastika yevaSlav ndechokukwazisa, kuchida kwemafaro, asi paNazi congress muna 1923, Hitler akanyengetedza vatsigiri kuti swastika inoreva kurwisana nevaJudha neVaKomonisiti nokuda kwehutsvene hweropa uye hukuru hwezera raAryan. The fascist swastika ine zvakanyatsoda. Ichi uye chete chifananidzo ichi chiGerman swastika:
- Mhedziso yemuchinjikwa inofanira kuputsika kurudyi;
- Mitsetse yose inopindirana zvakasimba pamakona e 90 °;
- Muchinjikwa unofanira kunge uri mutsara wakachena pamusana mutsvuku.
- Zvakarurama kutaura kwete "swastika", asi Hakkenkreyz
Swastika muchiKristu
MuchiKristu chekutanga, kazhinji kashandura kumufananidzo we swastika. Yakanga ichinzi "muchinjikwa wakayambuka" nekuda kwekufanana kwechiGiriki tsamba gamma. Swastika akavhara muchinjikwa munguva dzekutambudzwa kwevaKristu - chikafu chiKristu. I Swastika kana Gammadion ndiyo yaiva chiratidzo chikuru chaKristu kusvikira pakupera kweMiddle Ages. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotarisana zvakananga pakati pechiKristu nemuchinjikwa wepamuchinjikwa, achidaidza "yekupedzisira muchinjikwa" wokupedzisira.
Swastika muOrthodoxy yakashandiswa zvakashatira isati yashandurwa: sechikamu chemukomba wezvigadzirwa zvemupristi, muzviratidzo zvekugadzira, mune frescoes iyo masvingo emachechi akavezwa. Zvisinei, pane mafungiro akasiyana - gammadion inoputsika muchinjikwa, chiratidzo chechihedheni, kuOrthodoxy isina chaanoita.
Swastika muBuddhism
Ne swastika iwe unogona kusangana kwose kwose uko kune maitiro eBuddhist tsika, ndiyo nhanho yeutsoka raBuddha. Swastika yeBuddhist, kana kuti "mandzi," inoreva kushandiswa kwehutano hwepasi rose. Mutsara wakatarisa unopesana neyemusoro, sezvo denga / nyika inobatana nehukama pakati pevarume nevakadzi. Kuvhara majekesi mune imwe nhungamiro kunomiririra chido chekunaka, kunyorova, mune zvakasiyana-siyana - kuoma, simba. Izvi zvinopa kunzwisisa kwekusakwanisa kwekuvapo kwesimba pasina tsitsi, uye tsitsi pasina simba, kuramba kwehupi-humwe-humwe, sekuputsa kwehukama hwepasi.
Indian Swastika
Swastika muIndia hazvina kufanana. Kune sariti uye yakarurama swastika. Kushandura kwekuvhara kwemaawa kunofananidzira simba revarume "yin", rinopesana ne - "yang" yevakadzi. Dzimwe nguva chiratidzo ichi chinoreva vanamwari vose nemadzikadzikadzi muHindu, ipapo pamuganhu wekupindirana kwemasaisai kuwedzera chiratidzo "ohm" -chiratidzo chokuti vamwari vose vane maitiro akafanana.
- Kurongeka kwakarurama: zvinoreva zuva, kufamba kwaro kubva kumabvazuva kusvika kumadokero - kukura kwezvose.
- Kurutivi rworuboshwe kunomiririra mwarikadzi Kali, magichi, usiku - kuunganidza kwezvose.
Ndiyo swastika inorambidzwa here?
Chiratidzo che swastika chakarambidzwa nedare reNuremberg. Kusanzwisisa kwakaita kuti pave nenhema dzakawanda, somuenzaniso, swastika inoratidzira mavara mana akabatanidzwa "G" - Hitler, Himmler, Goering, Goebbels. Zvisinei, iyi shanduro yakanga isingatauriki zvachose. Hitler, Himmler, Göring, Goebbels - hapana surname haatangi nemagwaro. Kune zviitiko apo kubva mumamyuziyamu zviyeuchidzo zvakakosha zvakange zvine swastika mifananidzo mumishonga, pane zvishongo, Old Slav nekutanga kwechiKristu amulet zvakabatwa uye zvakaparadzwa.
Munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope pane mitemo inorambidza zviratidzo zvefascist, asi nheyo yekusununguka kwekutaura inenge isingatenderwi. Chimwe nechimwe chekushandisa zviratidzo zveNazism kana swastika zvine maitiro ezvimwe mutsara.
- Muna 2015, Roskomnazor akabvumira kushandiswa kwemifananidzo swastika pasina zvinoparidzirwa.
- MuGermany, mitemo yakasimba inodzora mufananidzo we swastika. Kune mazano mazhinji ematare anotambidza kana kubvumira mifananidzo.
- MuFrance, mutemo wakagadziridzwa unorambidza kuratidza pachena kwezviratidzo zveNazi.