Monasteries inokosha chikamu chetsika uye nhoroondo yeRussia. Munzvimbo ipi neipi yekare yeRussia unogona kukwira mugomo refu, kwaunoona mufananidzo unoshamisa - dome yemachechi eOrthodox, makedhonari nemamatare. Iye zvino zvichange zvakaoma kuverenga kuti vangani vemamatare aripo muRussia. Maererano nedhenda yegore rapera chete mamendari evanhu 804 ndeyeRussian Orthodox Church.
Ko madzimambo akaonekwa sei?
Izwi rechiGiriki rokuti "mono" (monki, monastery) rinoreva imwe. Kuti parege kuva neanovhiringidza kufungisisa pamusoro pekusingaperi nekurarama nemitemo yaMwari, vanyengeri vakapedza nguva yakawanda vari voga. Vanhu vakadaro vaiwanzosangana nevanhu vanofunga uye vakawana vadzidzi. Gare gare, mamwe mharaunda yakabuda nemafungiro akafanana, zvinodiwa uye nzira yehupenyu. Vakagara pasi, vakatanga kutungamirira furazi yakafanana. Saka mahedheni okutanga eOrthodox akaonekwa panyika yeRussia.
Vakuru vekare veMorasia yeRussia
Mutaundi rekare reRussia raNovgorod, iro rakaita basa rinokosha pakuumbwa nekusimudzirwa kwehurumende yedu, Monastery yeYuroev iripo. Iyi ndiyo imba yekare yamatunhu eRussia iri kuruboshwe rworuboshwe rweMvura Volkhov. Yuryev temberi yakavakwa na Yaroslav the Wise. Vakagadzira kereke yehuni, mushure mokunge nhoroondo yechitendero chakakurumbira yakatanga.
MuRussia, monastery yakashanda senhare. Muvengi aifanira kukomba masvingo ake kwenguva refu. Kakawanda mahedheni ndivo vaive vokutanga kuuraya, sezvavakanga vari shure kwemasvingo emaguta. Kwemazuva mazhinji muRussia ivo vakanga variwo nzvimbo yekujekesa. Mumadziro eimba yemamoni yakarongeka zvikoro zviduku, mabhuku emabhuku uye masangano ekugadzira maitiro. Munguva dzakaoma, zvokudya zvakagoverwa kune vanoshayiwa, vanhu vaida uye varwere vanhu vakawana pokugara mumasvingo aya.
Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, semugumisiro wekuvandudza, umambo hweRussia hwakakoromoka, uye munzvimbo yaro nyika itsva yeUSSR yakaumbwa, umo pakange pasina nzvimbo yechitendero. Monasteries zvakashata zvakanyarara ndokuvhara. Mune maimbova emamatare, magaraji kana makirasi aiwanzowanikwa. Mukutanga kwemazana makumi mapfumbamwe-makumi maviri ezana remakore rechiuru, apo communism yakawa, machechi eRussia Orthodox akatanga kutanga mabasa avo. MuRussia kune dzimba itsva dzichiripo.
Madhimoni anozivikanwa eRussia
The Monastery Novos. Imwe yevanhu vekare veMoscow vevarume vekuMoscow, iyo yakagara zvakanaka paPeasant Square iri shure kweTaganka. Imwe nhesi yakatangwa kune iri kure 1490 panguva yekutonga kwaDuke Duke Ivan III. Kusvika iye zvino, inoratidzika zvakasiyana zvakasiyana.
Iyo imba yevatongi veBoris neGleb. Bhenisi yeBorisoglebsky yakavakwa munguva yekutonga kwaChris Dmitry Donskoy. Iko iri munzvimbo ine runyararo pamhenderekedzo yeRwizi Ustye, yakakombwa nemasango. Yakabatsirwa Dmitry Donskoy mune rumutsiriro rwemweya uye rwetsika rweRussia Sergius weRadonezh.
Utatu-St Sergius Lavra. Iyi ndiyo ingangodaro ndiyo mhondi yakawanda muRussia. Nhoroondo yeUtatu-Sergius Lavra inobatanidzawo nezita reRussia inoshamisa yeSergia ye Radonezh. Akaita chikamu chakakura pakuvandudzwa kweOrthodoxy muRussia. Pane muchero muguta reSergiev Posad muruwa rweMoscow.
Imwe yevakuru vakuru vematare muRussia ndiyo musha wemasitori wePeckov-Pechersky. Yakatangwa muna 1473. Iyo imba yemamata yakakombwa nemasvingo akasimba ane shongwe uye zvinyorwa. Kubva muzita iwe unogona kunzwisisa kuti imba ino yevatemberi iri muguta rePechory. Optina irenje. Imwe nyanzvi huru uye yakakurumbira muRussia. Iko iri munzvimbo yeKaluga, pedyo neguta reKozelsk.
Suzdal monasteri ishongwe yeguta iri duku reVladimir. Vakawanda vavo vane nhoroondo yakare-yeRizpolozhensky nunnery yakavakwa muna 1207.