Sezvo mutemo, hutachiona hwekutanga hwevana vane bacillus tubercle hunoitika mumakore ekutanga ehupenyu. Mhuka yemunhu ane hutano inodzivirira hutachiona hwehutachiona hwakawanda nemaune immune system.
Izwi rechiLatini rokuti "tuberculosis" mukushandura rinoreva "hillock duku", iyo inokonzerwa nekuti chirwere chepachirwere muvana nevakuru chinozviratidza sechirudzi chekushanda paganda. Izvo zvinokonzera chirwere chechirwere muvana nevechiri kuyaruka ndodo yeKoch (tubercle bacillus). Inoratidzirwa nekuwedzera kukunda kumamiriro ekunze. Iyi bhakitiriya inogona kuramba ichiita kwenguva yakareba kunyange mumaspumum akaomeswa uye ivhu. Vakawanda vanorwisa majekiseni havaiti basa. Nzira huru yehutachiona nehutachiona iyi inonzi droplet pathway. Pane mukana wekutora tsvimbo yaKoch uye nemishonga ine pathogen, uye nekuda kwekubatana nezvinhu zviri pamusoro penhare iyo bacillus inotapira yakagadzirisa.
Mafomu echifukidzo
Tuberculosis chirwere chinotapukira chinokanganisa maziso, utumbo, ganda, genitourinary system uye bone tissue. Nzira yakanyanya kufanana nehutachiona ndeyemapurmonary tuberculosis, iyo inowanikwawo muvana uye ine zvimwe zvinyanzwisisiro. Saka, chirwere ichi chinowanzoitika muhutano hwakaoma, chinokonzera zvinetso. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nokusakwanisa kwevasina kudzidza maitiro echirwere chekudzivirira zvirwere. Zviratidzo zveTiberculosis muvana zvinosanganisira zvirwere zvinoputika: tuberculous meningitis uye sepsis, miliary tuberculosis, nezvimwewo. Kusagadzikana kwevechiri kuyaruka kunogona kukwanisa kutarisa utachiona chete pamapapu. Zvinhu zvinokuvadza - kusagadzikana, avitaminosis, kushaya muviri. Chirwere chemapurisa muvana vaduku chine maitiro anotevera:
- cavernous;
- infiltrative;
- focal uye vamwe.
Iko kunewo maitiro ehutachivosi inoyerera kunze kwemapapu. Saka, vana vane tuberculosis yemapfupa, itsvo, lymph nodes, masangano, nhengo dzenyama, meso uye ganda.
Ichi chirwere chinoratidzwa nemafungu akazaruka uye akavharwa. Izvo vanhu vane chimiro chakazaruka chechirwere chetachiona chinokanganisa utano hwevamwe, naizvozvo vanofanira kutevedzera mitemo yakawanda, kunyanya kucheneswa uye yehutsanana.
Zviratidzo uye Kuongororwa
Hazvisi nyore kuona zviratidzo zvechirwere chepabonde muvana, nokuti zviratidzo hazvisi zvakananga. Mwana wacho akachimbidzika matairi, anoputika kupfuura nguva dzose, zvinodedera, kutonhora kunogona kubuda. Chikoro chinogona kunge chiri munyoro kana chakasimba neropa uye sputum. Kazhinji zviratidzo zvakadaro zvinonzwisiswa nevabereki sechando chinowanzoitika. Asi kana ikatora mavhiki matatu kana kupfuura, chiremba anofanira kuonana pasina nguva.
Muchipatara, mwana anozoongororwa, akabvunzwa pamusoro pekuvapo kwekutambudzika, x-ray kuongororwa kunogadzirwa, kuongororwa kweputum kunoongororwa uye kuedzwa kweMantoux kunoitwa. Kana kuongororwa kunosimbiswa, ipapo kurapwa kwechirwere chetachiona muvana kunotanga pakarepo.
Mishonga uye kudzivirira
Chipatara chete uye rubatsiro runobatsira! Hapana mubvunzo wekuzvipa mishonga! Nzira dzemazuva ano dzekurapa zvinodhaka dzinoshanda zvakanaka.
Basa guru mukurapa kunopiwa kune kuchengetwa kwehutano hwehutsanana: nguva dzose yekuchenesa kunatswa, kuvhara mukati mhepo, kurara kwakakwana zvakakwana, kusagadzikana kwekuita muviri, kugara munzvimbo dziri kure kubva kumagetsi. Untypical tuberculosis, inowanikwa munguva pfupi, inobatwa nenzira dzokuvhiya. Muchikamu chekuchema, mhepo inovhuvhuta uye chikamu chemapapu kana nhengo yose inobviswa.
Pane zvikamu zviviri zvekudzivirira chirwere ichi. Kana mwana wacho asiri kurwara, zvino kudzivirira kunorapwa nehutachiona hwevana, iyo inoitwa nekuiswa kweKBCG vaccine. Kana mwana wacho ari kutarisana nomunhu ane TB, anorayirwa nzira ye isoniazid (5 milligrams kilogram yehuremu) kwemwedzi mitanhatu.