Mutemo weRussia isheyo yakasimba yekutonga kwenyika yehurumende. Iyi haisi kungova kuunganidza kwezvinangwa zvakanaka uye zvaunofarira, inenge iri chikepe chakashanda chekuita zvakananga. Zvakakosha kune vagari venyika chero ipi zvayo kuti vazive Mutemo weMitemo uye kuti varemekedze mitemo yose inorayirwa mazviri. Ichi chiratidzo cheupenyu hwakabudirira uye kuziva kwevanhu.
Zuva reMitemo reRussia Federation rinopemberera musi waDecember 12. Mutemo wekutanga wakagamuchirwa musi wa12.12.1993 panguva ye referendum, apo vheti yakakurumbira yakaitwa. Zvose zvakagadzirwa nemitemo yemitemo musi wa 25.12.1993 yakabudiswa mumapepanhau emashoko uye kubvira panguva iyo Mutemo weZviso muRussia ndewezuva rinokosha uye rimwe remazororo anokosha enyika. Ikopi yekutanga yeMutemo-soro inopindira muchetineni yakaipisisa yeganda rekundu, iyo inoratidzira jasi rezvombo zveRussia rwechivara chesirivha uye zita rokuti "Mutemo weRussian Federation" wakapedzeswa negoridhe. Rhekuro yekugadzirisa iri muraibhurari yemutungamiri muKremlin.
Kuchinjwa kwenyaya yacho
Kubvira pakatanga kusayina, zvimwe zvigadziriswe zvakaitwa kumagwaro, izvo zvakabatana nezvimwe zvinotevera:
- Izwi remasarudzo emutungamiri wenyika. Maererano nekugadziriswa, Mutungamiri weRussian Federation anogona kusarudzwa kwemakore matanhatu nevakatongerwa mutemo weRussia pamusana pekuvhiringidza kwekuvhota (pakutanga nguva iyi yaiva makore 4).
- Izwi remisarudzo yeHurumende Duma. Unogona kusarudzwa kwemakore mashanu (nguva isati yasvika yaive makore mana).
- Hurumende yeRussian Federation inosungirwa kuudza gore negore pamusoro pemigumisiro yemabasa ayo kuHurumende Duma.
Izvi zvigadziriswe zvakarongedzwa naVaMutungamiri Dmitry Medvedev musi waNovember 5, 2008 panguva yekutaura kwake muKremlin. 11.11.2008, zvinyorwa zvigadziriswa zvakaendeswa kuHurumende Duma nemutungamiriri wehurumende, uye kusvika munaNovember 21, panguva yekuverengwa katatu, zvigadziriswa zvakagamuchirwa nehuwandu hwevatongi. Musi waDecember 30, 2008, Medvedev akasayina mitemo yose yechishanduko kuMutemo weRussia.
Zviitiko zvakatsaurirwa kuMutemo weZuva reRussian Federation
Kwemakore gumi, musi waDecember 12 wakanzi uri wekupedzisira kwevhiki, asi musi wa24.12.2004 kuchinja kwakagadzirwa kuBhuku reBashandi, iro rakashandura mutambo wezororo wenyika. Mutemo wakarongedza kubviswa kwezuva musi waDecember 12, asi izvi hazvina kudzivirira kupembererwa kwezviitiko kurangarira zuva iri risingakanganwiki. Zororo rakatsaurirwa kune Gwaro reMitemo ndiro kuratidzwa kwekukunda kwemutemo munyika, neMutemo wega pachako unobatanidza vanhu vose kuva vanhu umwe.
Zuva iri rakaparadzirwa zvikuru mumitambo uye mune zvidzidzo. Zviitiko zvinotevera zvinoitwa muzvikoro:
- zvidzidzo zvezivo inoshanda pamusoro pekodzero dzevanhu uye rusununguko;
- chiratidziro chemashoko ezvinyorwa uye mabhurocha pamutemo;
- chikoro chemaawa ekutevera mazera emarudzi akasiyana-siyana: zviratidzo zveRussia, maitiro uye mutemo zvinokonzerwa nekuputsa mutemo, nheyo yemutemo webasa;
- makwikwi emaposita nemifananidzo inonzi "kuratidza kodzero dzavo";
- mitambo, zvinyorwa zvepamusoro uye zvinyorwa;
- misangano nevakuru vekushanda.
Zvose zviri pamusoro apa zvakagadzirirwa kuve nechokwadi chokuti munhu kubva mubhenji rechikoro akatanga kuzvitora semudzimai akazara munyika uye anoziva kodzero dzake. Izvi zvinokanganisa kuzviziva kwevanhu uye kuumbwa kwevanhu vanosimudzirwa vane tsika dzakanaka dzakanaka.
Mukuwedzera kune mabasa muzvikoro, maitiro makuru uye mhemberero dzinobatwa, vechidiki vanowanzoronga mashizha ebasa. Mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wenyika anoyemura vanhu vanobva paTV kuongorora uye vanoverenga mishumo ku Federal Assembly. Pasinei nechokwadi chokuti zuva rokuzvarwa kwebumbiro reRussia zuva rekushanda, zuva rino rinova chiitiko chekambani yekambani uye sangano rekufananidzira kupemberera.