Cosmopolitanism Munyika Yemazuva Ano sePolitiki Philosophy

Cosmopolitanism inonzi mibvunzo yebourgeois uye huzivi hwehukama hwepasi, chimiro chayo ndechekuti inoramba kodzero yehutsika uye tsika yemadzitateguru emadzitateguru. Vanhu vanozviona ivo seva cosmopolite vanozviti vanozviona sevagari vepasi kuitira kuti vabvise kukakavara pakati pevagari vemarudzi akasiyana uye kuratidza kuti vanhu vose vanofanira kurarama murugare.

Chii chinonzi cosmopolitanism?

Izwi rokuti "cosmopolitanism" rinosanganisira kududzirwa kwakasiyana-siyana, kwakagadziridzwa kufunga nezvekusimbiswa kwezvematongerwo enyika:

1. Kuwedzera pfungwa yehubatano hwevanhu vose vanofanirwa kuzviona sevanhu vasina kuroorwa.
2. Bourgeois ideology, iyo yakasimbisa kudada nyika kudarika.
3. Chimwe chezvirevo zvinoramba kururamisira kwevanhu kuti vazvimirire.

Cosmopolitan munhu anoramba hukama hwake nemidzi, achizviziva semunhu wekugara munyika dzose panguva imwe chete. Mufilosofi, hukama hwakadaro hwakadanwa vagari venyika imwechete - Cosmopolis, iyo imwechete. Mune Zera Rokuvhenekera, pfungwa iyi yakashandurwa sechinopesana nemitemo yemafungiro, ichitaura kuti munhu haasi wenyika kana mutongi, asi kwaari.

Chiratidzo che cosmopolitanism

Chiratidzo che cosmopolitanism ndicho chiratidzo chemureza weHurumende Hwenyika yeCitizens of the World - sangano rinokurudzira pfungwa yehugari hwepasi. Vanobudisa pasipoti yevagari vepasi, kusvika kune vanhu 750 000 vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana vakanyoresa ipapo. Kusvika ikozvino, Mauritania, Tanzania, Togo neEcuador chete ndivo vakagamuchira zvinyorwa zvakadaro. Mureza unoratidza chimiro chemunhu akanyorwa pasi rose, seyendenderedzwa. Izvi zvinomiririra kodzero yemunhu chero upi zvake kufungidzira senyika yekwavo nyika chero ipi zvayo yenyika, nokuti nyika yekuzvarwa ndiyo nyika yose yakakura.

Cosmopolitanism - zvinowedzera uye zvinotyisa

Pfungwa ye "cosmopolitanism" munguva yeSoviet yakanga ine zvinhu zvisingaiti, kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vanozivikanwa vakakurumbira vakazvitumidza kuti vatevedzeri veiyi pfungwa. Vatsvakurudzi vakasvika pakagumisa kuti yakataura, zvose zvakanyanyisa uye minuses. Aya mazano akanaka:

1. Hazviregi rudo rwemunharaunda yako, asi inongorongedza zvikamu zvepamusoro zvekuongorora kwehupfumi hwevanhu vose.
2. Inodzivisa zviratidzo zvechauvinism, kuedza kusimudzira nyika imwe pamusoro pevamwe.
3. Kunomutsa kufarira mune tsika dzevamwe vanhu.

Iko pfungwa huru dzisina kunaka:

1. Inobvisa uye inopedza kukurangarira kwemadzitateguru, emweya uye tsika dzenyika mupfungwa dzemunhu.
2. Inoderedza kunzwa kwekuzvikudza kwenyika yako.

Nzira yekuti uve munhu wepasi rose?

Zvinowanzotenda kuti munhu wepasi rose ndiye munhu asingaregi nyika yekwake, asi anofunga kuti nyika yose ive nyika yebaba. Anovimba nemafungiro akadai akadaro:

1. Izvo hazvina nyika chaiyo uye nyika, kune imwe nyika, uye rumwe rudzi rwevanhu.
2. Kubatsirwa kweruzhinji hakusi kwevanhu.
3. Hazvigamuchirwi kutambudza vanhu nekuda kweganda rekanda, kutenda uye nekuremara mumuviri.

Mukududzirwa kwemazuva ano cosmopolitans vanhu vane kunzwisisa vanocherechedza zvido zvevamwe, kuremekedza vanhu pachavo, uye kwete kuva veimwe nyika. Mutemo wepasi rose unomiririra vateereri vemashoko aya nevanhu vasingazivi ruzivo rwemadzinza kana zvematongerwe enyika, kuratidzwa kweNazism uye kuzivisa kwehumwe rudzi rwenyika.

Kubudiswa kwe cosmopolitanism

"Cosmopolitan" kana kuti "vagari vemunyika" - nzvimbo yakadai, isina tsika, haikwanisi kukodzera vatongi. Sezvo kuzvikudza kwenyika yavo, chido chekudzivirira nekuchidzivirira, chave chiri chinhu chinokosha chekudzidzira nyika uye hurumende yehurumende yenyika ipi neipi. Kunyanya kushingairira kurwisa boka rose revatongi veSoviet, vachitanga naStalin, uyo akanyatsoteerera kubudisa pfungwa iyi.

Hondo yekurwisa cosmopolitanism

Kurwisana neve cosmopolitans pakati pezana remakore ekupedzisira muSoviet Union kwakaratidzwa zvakajeka mukudzvinyirira kune vadzidzisi, avo vaifungwa kuti vanonzwira tsitsi pfungwa dzeWest. Mushandirapikisano wokurwisana nevatsigiri veyi pfungwa yakaratidzwa kwete mukukurukurirana chete, ivo vakanzi "muvengi wevanhu" pamwe chete nekutaura kumisasa, vakaona mukupikisa kwakadaro kubviswa pamabasa avo, vachitambudzwa.

Rwendo rwechipiri rwekurwisana nemaonero aya rakawira panguva yeCold War, apo vanhu vaifanira kubatanidzwa nekuvimbika kune zvinangwa zvepati. Kuziva iye pachake semugari wenyika dzose panguva imwechete, kusanganisira, uye kuvengana nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo, zvaive zvakangofanana nekutengesa. Nguva nenguva, mheremhere ine ruzha inopikisana neve cosmopolitans yakarongeka, nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero vaJudha vakagara vakasarudza basa iri. Kunyangwe vachinzwa pfungwa yekuda nyika uye kusarudzwa kwevanhu vavo kupfuura mamwe marudzi.

Zvose zvinozivikanwa zvinonzi cosmopolites

Nyika inoona nezve "cosmopolitanism" yaifungidzirwa inokwezva neunhu hwakawanda hunozivikanwa, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo ane pfungwa yake uye kududzirwa kwechirevo ichi.

1. Munhu wokutanga kuzviratidza pachake ari muzivi wenyika dzakawanda Diogenes, akasimbisa kuti zvido zvomunhu pachake zvinomira pamusoro pekuda nyika kudzinza.
2. Nyanzvi inozivikanwa yefizinesi Einstein yakashuma kuti vanhu vanofanira kubatana uye kubvuma hurumende imwechete - musangano wakagadzwa pasi peUnited General Assembly.
3. Mutungamiri weAmerica Truman akarumbidza pfungwa yekusika nyika yenyika, neutungamiri hweUnited States.
4. Muongorori Harry Davis akazviti ari mugari wenyika, uye akatotanga sangano rinotumira passports akadaro kune vose.

Mabhuku pamusoro pe cosmopolitanism

Mutemo we cosmopolitanism wakakonzera vatsvakurudzi vazhinji vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana, mumwe nomumwe wavo akaedza kutsvaga nharo dzayo "nokuda" uye "kupikisa" izvo zviripo zvinyorwa.

1. Yu Kirschin "Cosmopolitanism isamangwana revanhu" . Munyori anoratidza maonero e cosmopolitanism muGreece yeGreece, China uye dzimwe nyika, inotsvaga zvinangwa zvinokosha mune ramangwana.
2. Tsukerman Ethan. New connections. Digital cosmopolitans munguva inokurukurirana . " Bhabheri yakadzidza uye yakakurumbira inotsanangura masangano evanhu uye hutsva hutsva huchachinja ramangwana.
3. A. Potresov "Internationalism uye cosmopolitanism. Mitsara miviri yezvematongerwe enyika . " Bhuku rinomutsa zvinetso
4. kushorwa kwezvinhu izvi zviviri kune rimwe bato reMenshevik, kukosha kwavo kunonyanya kuongororwa.
5. D. Najafarov. "Stalin uye cosmopolitanism 1945-1953. Zvinyorwa zveAgitprop weCentral Committee yeCPSU . " Anoona mhirizhonga iyi kupikisa pfungwa iyi senhengo inokosha yehutungamiri hwehutungamiri hweSoviet.
6. Fougères de Montbron. "VaCopolitan kana Citizen of the World . " Munyori anotsanangura kuti mafungiro akaparadzaniswa sei kubva kunyika yebaba, achisimbisa kuti nyika yakafanana nebhuku, uye munhu anoziva chete nyika yake, verenga imwe chete yemapeji.