Genetic analysis zvishoma nezvishoma kuva chidzidzo chinozivikanwa. Nekubatsira kweuyu rudzi rwekuongorora kwera laboratory, vanachiremba vanogona kusimbisa kwete chete chiyero chekudyidzana, asiwo kugadzirirwa kune imwe chirwere. Ngationgororei zvakajeka kuongorora, isu tichataurira nezvemarudzi ayo uye zvinhu zvekuita.
Nzira dzei genetic analysis
Kuongorora kweGenetic - boka guru rezvidzidzo zvebhoratori, kuedza, kuongorora uye kuverenga. Chinangwa chikuru chezviyero zvakadaro ndechokuti uwane unhu hwakanaka, dzidza zvinhu zvemajemi ega. Zvichienderana nechinangwa cheizvi kana kuti kuongororwa, mhando idzi dzekuongorora dzinozivikanwa mukurapa genetics:
- kuongorora kweDNA chimiro;
- chromosome analysis;
- genetic compatibility analysis;
- tsvakurudzo pamusoro pezvakaitika kune zvirwere.
DNA analysis
Kuita chidzidzo chakadai seDNA tsananguro yevabereki vanobatsira kusimbisa mubereki wezvakaberekwa wemwana ane chikamu chikuru. Pamusoro pemufambiro wake, mashoko acho anotorwa kubva kuna amai, mwana uye anonzi baba. Sezvo chinhu chinotsvakurudza chinogona kuita saliva, ropa. Kazhinji chigadziro chinogadzirwa chinoitwa (kutora nyaya kubva mukati memukati).
Nekubatsirwa kwechigadzirwa chakakosha, apo maitiro ekuongorora anogadzirwa, zvimwe zvikamu zvemu Molekemu weDNA unotakura mazita ekuberekorora - loci anoratidzwa. Pasi pekuwedzera kwevakawanda, labori inoongorora 3 sampuli kamwechete. Pakutanga, mazita ekuberekwa ayo mwana akawana nhaka kubva kuna amai vake anosarudzwa, saka zvisizvo zvakasara zvinofananidzwa neavo vari muenzaniso webaba vanonzi. Zvakananga, maitiro ezvemagetsi anowanikwa nokuda kwevana.
Chromosomal analysis
Kuongorora kwechromosomal pathology kunobatsira kusimbisa kuvapo kwezvirwere zvinogona kuitika mumwana asati aberekwa. Kuti vaite izvi, vanachiremba vanoshandisa kuongorora kusati kwapera. Inosanganisira ropa sampuli yekutsvakurudza uye ultrasound. Tsanangudzo yemigumisiro inoitwa chete nachiremba. Panguva imwecheteyo, tsanangudzo yekujekesa haisi kuitwa pamusana pekuongorora kumwe. Migumisiro yakaipa ndiyo chiratidzo chekuongorora zvakare. Kusiyana pakati pemitemo yemitemo kunogona kuva chiratidzo chekuvapo kwechirwere chromosomal chakadai se:
- Down syndrome ;
- trisomi 13 uye 18 chromosomes;
- Turner syndrome;
- Klinefelter's syndrome.
Genetic test in pregnancy planning
Kuongororwa kwehutano hwakafanana hunosimbisa kukwanisa kubata mwana kubva kune mumwe munhu waanoda. Mukuita, zvinowanzoitika kuti vazhinji vakaroorana havagoni kuva nevana kwenguva refu. Panyaya yekutsvaga kuvanachiremba, pakati pezvinotarisirwa kuongororwa - kuongororwa kwekuenderana kweiyo genetic. Iyo inoitwa mumamiriro ezvinhu emakiriniki makuru uye munzvimbo dzokuronga mhuri.
Masero emumuviri womunhu ane pamusoro peprotein yakadaro HLA - human leukocyte antigen. Zvakanga zvigoneka kugadzira zvinopfuura 800 marudzi eprotheni iyi. Basa rayo mumuviri nderokucherechedza panguva yakakodzera mavairusi, zvirwere. Apo mamiriro ekugadzirisa anowanikwa, anotumira chiratidzo kumuviri wechirwere chemuviri, iyo inotanga kubudiswa kwezvirwere zvemunoglobulin. Kana chirongwa ichi chisina kushanda, izvi zvinoitikawo zvinowanikwa pane embryo inoumba, iyo inotungamirira kumubvisa pamuviri.
Kuti varege kubvisa kushandiswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu aya, vanachiremba vanokurudzira kupfuudza ruzivo rwekutsvaga kwekuenderana. Kana ichitungamirirwa, mapuroteni emagadziro evanhu vanobatana anoongororwa, kufanana kwavo kunoenzaniswa. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kusawirirana hakusi chinhu chinopinganidza pamuviri. Mushure mekubata pamuviri, mukadzi anotorwa mukutonga, achiita prophylaxis yekuvhiringidzika kwepabonde, apo ane pamuviri muchipatara.
Genetic analysis panguva yekuzvitakura
Chidzidzo chakadai sechimiro chekuongorora kwema fetus chinoita kuti zvikwanise kuongororodza chromosomal pathologies mumatanho ekutanga ekukura kwevana mukati mechizvaro chaamai. Kudzidza kwakadaro kunowanzonzi kuongorora. Kuumbwa kwaro kunosanganisira kwete kuongororwa kwezvinhu zvekuberekwa kwemucheche, asiwo kuongorora kwevana remangwana nekubatsirwa kwe ultrasound. Saka vanachiremba vanokwanisa kuona kudarika kusingaenderani nehupenyu, zvakaipa. Chidzidzo ichocho chinotarisirwa kubvisa maitiro ezvisikwa, zvinobatsira kuisa mikana yekuvandudza, nekufungidzira kusunganidzwa muropa remishonga yakadai se:
- HCG ;
- AFP ;
- APP-A.
Kakawanda zviratidzo zvakadaro zvinodhaka zvinoshandisa, sezviratidzo - kana tsika dzadzo dzisingasviki nemitemo yakagadzirwa, vanachiremba vanorongazve kuongorora. Sezvo zvakadaro, nzira dzinopesana dzinoshandiswa. Kushandiswa kwavo kunobatanidzwa nehutano hwezvinetso zvepamuviri. Nemhaka yeizvi, kusarudzwa kunoitwa muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki. Aya marudzi ekuongorora anosanganisira:
- biopsy ye chorion - kuongororwa kwemashupu ezvinyorwa zveevelopputi dzekunze dze embryo;
- shanduro yeropa kubva mundilical cord;
- kuongorora amniotic fluid.
Genetic analysis for susceptibility to diseases
Kuongororwa kwehutachiona hunobatsira kuongorora nehupamhi hwekururamisa njodzi dzekudzidzira chirwere mumwana akazvarwa. Nyaya yacho inotorwa muchipatara, pazuva rechina, kana mwana akazviratidza panguva, uye vhiki mushure memwana asati azvarwa. Ropa sampuli rinotorwa kubva chitsitsinho. Mamwe madonheji ayo anoshandiswa pakarepo kune imwe nzira yechipimo, ndokuzotumirwa ku laboratori. Mune chidzidzo ichi, vanachiremba vanoita chido chekutenda kwakadaro se (genetic full analysis):
- Cystic fibrosis. Chirwere chekugara nhaka, umo basa rekuporesa nekugadzirisa zvirwere zvinopwanyika.
- Phenylketonuria. Nechirwere chakadaro, zvivako zvehuropi zvinoshanduka-hutachiona hwehutano hunokura, kutadza kwepfungwa kunoumbwa.
- Congenital hypothyroidism. Chirwere chacho chinokura nekuda kwekuzvarwa kusina mahomoni ehutachiona. Izvi zvinorambidza kukura mumuviri uye mupfungwa kwechecheche. Hormonotherapy ndiyo nzira chete yekurapa nayo.
- Galactosemia. Kusvibiswa kwekushanda kwezvikamu zvemukati (chiropa, nervous system). Mwana wacho anomanikidzwa kuchengeta kudya kwekudya-kusina nyama, uye anorwara.
- Adrenogenital syndrome. Yakagadzirirwa nekuwedzera ya synthesis of androgens.
Genetic analysis of oncology
Mukati yezvidzidzo zvakawanda zvehupenyu hwehutano hwehupenyu, masayendisiti akakwanisa kugadzirisa ukama hwechirwere pamwe nenhaka. Icho chinonzi chinonzi genetic predisposition kune zvirwere zvepachivande - kuvapo kwemajeri emadzitateguru ayo aigona kuora mwoyo, zvinonyanya kuwedzera dambudziko rekugadzirwa kwevecology muvana. Semuenzaniso, mazita emagetsi akafunga kuti BRCA1 uye BRCA2 mazamu anoita kuti mukurudzire kenza yemazamu mu50% yematambudziko. Genetic predisposition kune kenza inokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini aya.
Genetic analysis for obesity
Kwemakumi emakumi emakore, vashandi vezvokudya vakagadzira zvidzidzo zvakawanda, vachiedza kuita kuti chikonzero chekuwedzera kwakanyanya. Somugumisiro, zvakawanikwa kuti, kunze kwekushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, kudya kwakasununguka, kunewo chimiro chekuberekwa kwehutano kune hutete. Saka kubva paudiki, zvinokwanisika kutsvaga ukama huri pakati pemuviri wehuwandu huwandu uye huwandu hunoita kuti uwedzere kuwedzera. Chirwere ichi chiri panguva yekuchinja kwemasimoni mumuviri - nguva yekuyaruka, pamuviri nekuyamwisa, kumisa mimba.
Pakati pemakemikari anoita kuti uwedzere kuwedzera, genetics inonzi:
- FTO - mutoro wekutakura;
- HMGI-C - inobatsira kukura kwemasero emafuta;
- NRXN3 - inokanganisa kuumbwa kwekunzwa kwekuzadza;
- FIT1 uye FIT2 - zvinokurudzira kugadzirwa kweadipocytes - masero ayo mafuta anoumbwa.
Painoongorora mamiriro ezvinhu ehurongwa uye zvirongwa, kuti aone kusarudzwa kwekuwedzerwa kwekuwedzeresa, ruzivo rwezvemuviri rweropa runoitwa kuti rongorore kuiswa kwezvinhu zvakadai sokuti:
- leptin - inogadzirisa zvirongwa zvemagetsi mumuviri, kuwedzerwa kwemari kushandiswa;
- T4 pasina, TSH - utachiona hwehomori;
- glycated hemoglobin, glucose - inoratidzira mamiriro emakrohydrate metabolism.
Kuongororwa kwemafuroti eprombophilia
Kuwedzera kwemaitiro ekuumba ropa, trombi, inotsanangurwa pahutano hwehutano. Genetic predisposition kune thrombophilia inoonekwa apo kushanduka kunoitika mujeni, iyo inokonzerwa neropa rekuvhara ropa-F5. Izvi zvinokonzera kuwedzera mumwero we thrombin maitiro, izvo zvinowedzera nzira dzekuvhara ropa. Kushandurudza muprothrombin gene (F2) kunowedzera kubatanidza kwechinhu ichocho mu-coagulation system. Mukuvapo kwezvinhu zvakadaro, mutsa we thrombosis unowedzera kazhinji.
Genetic test for lactase insufficiency
Kusagadzikana kwechikatise kudarika, izvo zvinoita kuti muviri usakwanisa kunwa shuga yemukaka, nekuda kwekuderera kwepachivi chekuvhenekera kwe enzyme lactase. Kakawanda, kuitira kuti ugadzirise chirwere ichi uye chigadziriswa nacho, ruzivo rwemagetsi runoitwa kuti ruzive majena C / T-13910 uye C / T-22018. Vanonyatsotarisana nehutachiona hwema enzymes. Kuongororwa kwemaitiro avo kunobatsira nekugadzirisa kuitika kwekukanganisa kwemaitiro kune zvizvarwa, vatakuri veijeni. Kugadziriswa kweiyo genetic inoitwa nevanyanzvi.
Genetic kuongorora kweGilbert's syndrome
Gilbert syndrome - congenital hepatic pathology, iyo inoreva kuora mwoyo. Kazhinji inobereka unhu hwemhuri, inopfuura kubva kuvabereki kuenda kuvana. Icho chinoperekedzwa nekuwedzera mumwero we bilirubin. Chikonzero chacho chiripo mukuputsa kwehutano hwehutachiona hweglucuronyltransferase huri mumasero eropa uye hunobatanidzwa mukusungirwa kwebhururi yebrigubin. A genetic test test inobatsira kugadzira hutachiona nekuongorora chirwere cheGT1 uye kopi yayo.
Genetic predisposition to alcohol
Vanachiremba vanoongorora dambudziko vari kuita zvidzidzo zvenguva refu, vachiedza kugadzira kuwirirana pakati pekuda kwewaini uye genetics. Zvisinei, maitiro ezvakaberekwa kune chirwere chakadaro haasati yasimbiswa. Iko kune mafungiro akawanda, asi havana chigumo chechokwadi. Vanachiremba pachavo vanowanzoreva nezvechirwere sechirwere chinowanikwa, mugumisiro wekusarudza kuzvimiririra. Izvi zvinotsigirwa kubudirira, vanhu vanobudirira vane vabereki vanotambura nedoro rekudhakwa.
Genetic passport
Kuwedzera makiriniki ezvehutano pakati pemabasa anopiwa zvinogona kuonekwa mune zvakarongwa zvakadai sekuzara kwakazara kwehutano hwepasipoti. Inosanganisira kugadzirisa zvakakwana mazita emuviri, izvo zvinotarisa kuisa chimiro kune rimwe boka rezvirwere. Mukuwedzera, kuongororwa kwemahotera ehotele kunobatsira kuziva hutano kune rimwe rudzi rwebasa, kuumba matarenda akavanzwa.