Zvirwere zvepachikafu zvinotakura chikamu chikuru chehuwandu hwezvirwere zvose. Zvinopfuura mamiriyoni 10 mitsva itsva gore negore zvinowanikwa munyika yose. Nyika dzose dziri kumirira nyaya kubva kuvasayendisiti nezvekugadzirwa kwechirwere chezvishamiso chekenza. Uye panguva ino, kufa kwehutachiwana kubva kuoncology kunoramba kuchikura. Saka chii chiri kurapwa kwechirwere ichi?
Antineoplastic zvinodhaka zvekenza
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzokurapa incology. Ichi chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal, inorapwa, inopindira. Iyo nzira inosarudzwa zvichienderana nehuwandu, chikwata chechirwere, nzvimbo yechipfuva, mamiriro ehutano hwomurwere, nezvimwewo. Pane mushonga wekenza here? Antineoplastic metabolites inoshandiswa chemotherapy. Chinangwa chikuru pakuvashandisa ndechokuti kukura kwekenza masero kuvepo, chiremara hachiwedzere, uye maitiro asingaratidziki. Iyi ndiyo mishonga yakadai seyi:
- Ftorafur;
- Methotrexate;
- Hydroxyurea;
- Xeloda.
Anesthetics for oncology
Zvinodhaka zvinogadzirisa marwadzo, nekenza, zvinoshandiswa kudzivirira kuipa kwakaipa pamurwere wemuviri uye mupfungwa. Pain incology inogoverwa kuva mhando mbiri: neuropathic uye nociceptive. Mishonga yemarwadzo inorayirwa maererano nemhando yemarwadzo. Saka, inozivikanwa kuti kurwadziwa kwechikapice kunopera nekushandiswa kweanalgesics, kwete-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids. Kuti abvise marwadzo europathic, antiepileptic zvinodhaka uye tricyclic vanodzvinyirira vanorayirwa.
Simba rinopisa paincology rinorayirwa nachiremba, apo avo vasina simba vanenge vasisina chavanoda. Izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwekugadzirisa kwakakurumidza kwemuviri kune nzira dzinoshandiswa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, mitemo mitatu inoshandiswa inoshandiswa, inobva kuWor recommendations. Panguva imwe chete, kugadzirira adjuvant kunotorwa. Iri urongwa hunoita analoggesic effect mu 90% emhosva:
- kwete-narcotic analgesic ;
- chirwere chinokanganisa zvinodhaka uye kwete-narcotic analgesic;
- maopiates eboka re morphine uye kwete-narcotic analgesic.
Ruregerero kubva mukurwadziwa runotanga nekushandiswa kwevarejiki vasiri narcotic. Izvi ndezvi:
- Paracetamol;
- Aspirin;
- Metamizole sodium;
- Diclofenac;
- Iko ethanol;
- Ibuprofen;
- Naproxen;
- Ketorolac;
- Piroxicam;
- Meloksikam;
- Xsefokam;
- Mefenamic acid.
Zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvinodhaka izvo:
- kupa simba ravo (antidipressants, glucocorticoids, anti-inflammatory drugs);
- ine kugadziriswa pamigumisiro yemigumisiro yeancotic analgesics (antipsychotics);
- kusimbisa marwadzo avo (Clonidine, calcium antagonists).
Kune vasina mafiripi anotakura:
- Codeine;
- Tramadol.
Kuita zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zveanesthesia zvinogona kunzi:
- Propionylphenylethoxyethylpiperidine hydrochloride;
- Morphine;
- Buprenorphine;
- Fentanyl.
Antiemetic zvinodhaka zveoncology
Kutsiva kwete chete kune unhu husingafadzi, asi uye nokukurumidza kunotungamirira muviri kuti ude mvura, uye mucous membrane yegumbo remimba inogadziriswa. Kuratidzira kusuruvara uye kurutsa mumuchirwere chinhu chinowanzoitika. Zvikonzero zvinogona kusiyana:
- radiation therapy;
- chemotherapy;
- tumarara uye metastase muuropi;
- zvinetso zvemuviri wepamuviri;
- kidney failure;
- metastases muropa;
- intoxication;
- zvirwere zvinotapukira uye zvinopisa.
Usati waita kubviswa kwechiratidzo chisingafadzi nemishonga, zvinokosha kuti uise zvikonzero. Nokuda kweizvi, mishonga iyo murwere anogamuchira uye data ye laboratory inodzidzwa. Zvinokonzera zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kunge zviri pakati nepakati. Kana uchirutsa hukuru huripo, zvishandiso zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa:
- vanopikisa serotonin (blockers ye 5 NTZ-receptors - Ondansetron, Tropisetron, Granisetron, nezvimwewo), vanonyanya kunyanya kudhakwa;
- corticosteroids (Dexamethasone, Methylprednisolone, Solumedrol);
- Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam).
Antiemetic zvinodhaka zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona:
- atropine nedzimwe mishonga anticholinergic (Platyphylline uye Metacin);
- antihistamines (Diphenhydramine, Suprastin);
- Vanopikisa Dopamine ndivo phenothiazines (Etaperazine, Torekan, Aminazine) uye butyrophenones (Droperidol, Haloperidol), Metoclopramide (Cerucal).
Zvinodhaka zvinodhaka nekenza
Target therapy ndiyo inyanzvi mukurwisa oncology. Kana zvisina kudaro, madhiragi aya anonzi "akachenjera". Iri zita rakagamuchirwa nekuda kwekwaniso yekuita zvinongomutsiridza masero, asi utachiona hwakanaka nhengo nhengo dzisingachinji. Mishonga yakadaro yeoncology inorayirwa kuti irege kukura kwemakumbo, kuderedza maitiro e chemotherapy uye mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma evarwere. Kusvika zvino, mishonga inenge gumi yakave ichiongororwa uye inoshandiswa kushandiswa, nezvemamwe zana ari kuongororwa uye, zvichida, achange achishandiswa kurapa kenza.
Kunyanya kusarudzira zvinodhaka muincology
Kune maonero akawanda pamusoro pekushandiswa kwema immunomodulator muzvirwere zvekenza. Vakatanga kushandiswa mumakore makumi manomwe. Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti nzira dzakadaro hadziiti mamiriro asina kunaka. Inogona kuva yakanaka uye isina kunaka. Immunotherapy ne oncology inoshandiswa kwezviratidzo zvakati:
- mushure memakemikrasira uye irradiation nematambudziko emuviri uye hematological (Tamerite, Polyoxidonium, Glutoxim, Galavit, Neovir, Cycloferon, Roncoleukin, Leukinferon, Lycopid, Decaris, Timalin, Timogen, Milife);
- mushure mekuita mabasa akaoma (Polyoxidonium, Leukinferon, Galavit, Imunofan, Roncoleukin Myelopid, Lycopid);
- kugadzirisa kukanganisa muzvirwere zvemuviri (Polyoxidonium, Glutoxim, Leukinferon, Imunofan, Galavit);
- nokuda kwechiito pane neoplasm pachayo (Roferon, Reaferon-EU, Intron-A, Leukocyte interferon yejojo);
- nekuda kwekudzivirira kwemasastases (Leukinferon, Neovir, Roncoleukin neGalavit), kubudirira mune izvi zvinoratidzwa hakuratidzi.
Kugadzirira kwekuwedzera hemoglobin mu oncology
Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemasero matsvuku eropa, kusiyanisa pakati pe microcytic, macrocytic uye normalcy anemia. Sirimu yekugadzirira yeo oncology inoshandiswa intravenously nekujowa pamwe chete nekugadzirira kwe erythropoietin, iyo inokurudzira kugadzirwa kwe erythrocytes. Mukuwedzera, kuwedzera hemoglobin muvanorwara vekenza, nzira yekuwedzerwa kwe erythrocytes inoshandiswa, apo masero matsvuku eropa anowanikwa kubva kune ropa rinopa ropa anowirwa mukati. Nokudaro, hemoglobine inomuka pakarepo.
Mishonga mitsva mukurapa kwekenza
Kuchinja mukurapa kwekurota, semhando ipi zvayo yekurapa, inoitika munenge makore gumi. Pamusoro pezvinoitika zvishoma, biotherapy yemamota, inotarisirwa immunotherapy, kuiswa kwemitambo mitsva yokuvhiya, pamwe nemichina yekudzivirira uye inorapwa. Kugadzira mushonga mutsva wekenza, zvinotora nguva yakawanda. Mushure mekugadzirwa kwacho, mushonga unopfuura zvikamu zvakasiyana zvekuedzwa.
Spot cancer drug
Pane zvidzidzo zvekare - mushonga mutsva weRussia unorwisa kenza, yakagadzirwa nekambani yemishonga BIOCAD, PD-1. Kubvira muna 2015 kusvikira muna 2016, zviongorori zvemhuka zvakaitwa. Zvigumisiro zvinoratidzwa kupfuura zvose zvakagadzirwa kare. Ichi ndicho chakafananidzirwa kana chinonzi "chirevo" chemishonga, iyo inomisa kukura kwechirwere. Iye zvino chikamu chechipiri chekuedzwa chiri kuitika. Yakarongwa kuti mishonga ichave yakashandiswa kuti ishandiswe kutanga muna 2018-2019.
Ndeapi marudzi ekenza ari kurwisa mushonga mutsva?
Iyo mishonga inopesana nekenza, maererano nevadzidzisi, inoshanda mumhando dzakadaro dzeoncology semukenza wemapapu , tsvudzi, musoro nemutsipa, chikafu, melanoma. Vagadziri vanopikira kuti kunyange kana kugamuchirwa kwamira, mishonga yemishonga mitsva ichaenderera mberi, iyo ichapa mukana wekuwanazve kunyange kune avo vanonyanya kurwara. Uye chinonyanya kukosha, chigadzirwa chichave chichiwanika kuRussia. Vaviri vakatoshandisa madhiragi akadaro vanobudiswa kunze kwenyika uye vane mari yakakwirira.
Ndezvipi zvinodhaka zvisingagoni kutorwa ne oncology?
Mhinduro yemubvunzo, mishonga ipi haigoneki muincology, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti mamwe mishonga haigoni kungodzivirira kurapwa kubva kune oncology, asiwo inowedzera mamiriro ezvinhu zvakanyanya. Somuenzaniso, zvinodhaka zvinokurudzira mishonga, mavitamini uye anticoagulants zvinogona kukonzera kuora kwekukura uye metastases. Pasi pemutemo uye mahomoni. Mubvunzo unoramba uri pamusoro pekudya kweyimbi-yakagadzirirwa. Zvinoshandiswa nyore nyore uye hazvisi kutongerwa nemuviri. Saka, vanogona kuita zvinokuvadza kupfuura kunaka.