Mentality inobatsira kunzwisisa kuti nei mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana marudzi akasiyana anoita zvakasiyana. Unhu hwake hunochengetedza, hahugoni kuchinjwa nekukurumidza, semafungiro emafungiro, manzwiro, maitiro evanhu vakawanda. Nyika inoona inokanganisa dzidzo, asi dzidzo inobatsira kudzokorora, kushandura nekugadzirisa mafungiro.
Mentality - chii ichocho?
Kunzwisisa inzira yekufunga, pfungwa . Zvinoratidzika mumhando yemafungiro, tsika, mazano ehutano hwehupenyu hwevanhu hwehumwe rudzi rwemarudzi. Iyi pfungwa yakapararira mumutauro weRussia unyanzvi kubvira pakati pezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Nekubatsira kwenyika, munhu anogona kunzwisisa manzwiro, kuongorora, maonero, chimiro chekuita, maitiro, tsika dzakasiyana dzemapoka evanhu.
Mentality in Sociology
Nyika inoonekwa inobatsira kudzidza ruzivo rwevanhu uye ine mikana inotevera yeheuristic:
- kunobatsira kunzwisisa nyika yakasiyana-siyana yemweya yenyaya yacho;
- kunobatsira kunzwisisa zvakananga maonero enyika;
- anotsanangura maitiro nemabasa ehurukuro.
Kana tichipfuurira kubva pane izvo zvinogadzirisa mafungiro emagariro evanhu, zvino munyaya iyi ihurongwa hwemagariro evanhu-zvepfungwa dzemunhu kana nharaunda. Izwi rejenotype rinotarisana nenyika ino maonero, kusikwa kwaro kwakagadziriswa nemasikirwo emasikirwo nemagariro evanhu, kusimba kwemweya kwehurukuro. Maonero enyika anotarisa kuti chii chimiro munhu achapiwa nacho, kutaura kworudzii, mufambiro, basa raanenge aine. Anodzokorora kubatana, kuenderera mberi kwehupenyu hwevanhu.
Kune zvikamu zvitatu zvepfungwa:
- Yakasiyana. Manzwiro aya, manzwiro, mazano, maitiro akangodaro aripo mune imwe nyaya, haasipo kune vamwe.
- Kubatana kwakasiyana-siyana kwehumwe unhu, izvo zvinongoratidzika chete pane imwe nyaya yakabatana. Nokudaro, somuenzaniso, mune unyanzvi hwemhizha, ndezvekutendeseka kwepfungwa, ushingi, horizons yakareba, IQ yakakwirira.
- Ukama hwehuwandu hwezviratidzo zvakadaro. Somuenzaniso, maererano neIQ chiratidzo, vanhu vanogona kugoverwa muzvikamu: magweta, mabhengi - 120%, aviation mechanics, magetsi, makemikari - 109%, vanyori, vatyairi - 98%.
Mentality muCulturology
Nheyo yenyika inokosha chikamu cheimwe tsika, imwe nzvimbo yemutambo, iyo yakagadzirirwa inokonzerwa nedzimwe nzvimbo dzepamagariro evanhu, tsika dzematongerwo ematongerwo emitambo yekare. Kwemazana emakore akawanda, pfungwa dzakagadzirwa, dzakatsigirwa uye dzichitungamirirwa pasi pesimba re:
- zvisikwa uye zvigaro zvoupenyu;
- vagari vemarudzi (munguva yekushanduka-shanduka, vanhu vanokwereta zvinhu zveupenyu, mutauro uye zvitendero kubva kune vamwe vanhu);
- mamiriro ezvinhu emagariro, apo maitiro emitemo ndiyo tsika, uye zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zviratidzo zvehupenyu mukati mehutsika hwemamiriro (maitiro emhuri, mitemo yezvematongerwe enyika, zvitendero zvezvitendero).
Rudzi rumwe norumwe rune chimiro chairo chemutauro, maitiro aro ehutsika, ayo akazadzwa naro mukushanda kwebasa rayo. Vanhu ivo pachavo ndivo muvambi wechechi yavo yemugariro, ichi ndicho chirevo chakadzama chetsika. Mafungiro uye tsika ndeyekuti pfungwa dzinongobatanidza munhu mumwe chete, asiwo anosiyanisa izvo zvinoparadzanisa tsika iyi kubva kune vamwe.
Mentality - Psychology
Nheyo yenyika mupfungwa dzepfungwa inhu hunhu hwehupenyu hwepfungwa hwemwe humwe hurumende. Nokuda kwekuzarura kwayo, urongwa hwekuona, kuongororwa, uye pfungwa-inoshandiswa inoshandiswa, kunyange zvazvo nyika yakadaro isingagoni kunyatsoenderana nekufunga, chiito, shoko romunhu. Kudzidza kuti mafungiro omunhu ndeapi, mazvikokota epfungwa vanogona kusiyanisa marudzi mana:
- Bharabhasi - kupona kwakasimba, kutsungirira, kuita zvepabonde zvakashata, kusatya pakuisa pangozi yekufa, iyi ndiyo mafungiro emunhu anokunda.
- Kuzvidzivirira - kuzvimiririra, kuzvikudza, benzi, chido chokunze kwekunze, tsika dzakakwirira.
- Intelsky - kusava nehanya kunyaradza, kunyaradza, kunyatsogadzirira, kutya kwakasimba rufu, kurwadziwa.
- Bourgeois - frugality, hupfumi, hutano hwekuita, kushushikana kwemweya, kusava nechokwadi.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kuti hukama hwehukama hwakagadziridzwa sei, hutsika hwehupenyu hwevanhu pachavo hwakagadzirwa uye hwakashandurwa: zvaikwanisika kuchinja mafungiro, kuwedzera pamwe nezvinhu zvitsva, nekudzivirira mapoka asina kukwanisa. Nhasi, mhando dzakadai hazviwanzoitiki mune zvakachena. Zvinotoita kuti zvive nekusikwa kwezvinhu zvinonakidza kuwirirana kwehutano mumunhu wevanhu , kubatsira kubvisa pfungwa yekufunga kwemarudzi.
Mentality - Philosophy
Kutaura kwakagadzikana kwehutano hwemagariro evanhu nemafungiro evanhu, zvinopesana mumapoka akasiyana evanhu kana mapoka evanhu. Chikamu chenyika yakadaro iyo pfungwa yekuve. Vafungiro vakuru, mafilosofi vaitenda kuti kuda nyika, manzwiro emunharaunda yavo anobva pamweya wevanhu. Kuziva kwehumwe munhu kune mamwe ethnos, rudzi, anomutsa hukama hwake hwemweya.
Kufungidzira mufilosofi kunoratidza imwe nzira yekufunga, iyo inogona kuva yeboka rega. Nyika inoona ine tsika, tsika, kodzero, masangano, mitemo. Zvose izvi zvinoratidzwa nekubatsirwa kwekushandisa kukuru, iyo ndiyo mutauro. Nzwisiso yenyika mukuzivikanwa ndeyeimwe michina yepfungwa, chigadziro chepfungwa ne rubatsiro rwevamiririri veimwe sangano vanogona kunzwisisa nzvimbo yavo pachavo nenzira yavo pachavo.
Mhando dzepfungwa
Maonero evanhu ndeyekusarudzwa kwakasiyana-siyana kweunhu hwepfungwa, maitiro avo, nenzira iyo vanozviratidzira ivo pachavo. Kuti uwane kuti ndeupi rudzi rwepfungwa, ndizvo zvaunoda kutarisisa pamhando dzinotevera:
- Kuenderera mberi kubva munharaunda yehupenyu hwevanhu, nyika inotaridzana yakaiswa mune zvehupfumi, zvehupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, tsika, zvekunamata uye tsika.
- Zvichienderana nemhando dzebasa, nyika inoona inogona kukura, svesa, technic, tekuita, kunyora.
- Kubva pane chifananidzo, kufunga, nyika inogona kuva yechitendero uye yenyika, mutaundi, kumaruwa, hurumende, mauto.
Mafungiro uye pfungwa - kusiyana
Kutaura kunofungidzirwa sechinhu chikuru, chinangwa chemuitiro wevanhu. Kutenda inzira yekuona nyika iyo pfungwa inobatanidzwa nemanzwiro. Kusiyana nemafungiro, maonero enyika ndeyekukosha kwepasi rose, uye mafungiro anokanganisa zvese zvemagariro evanhu, nguva dzakare. Mentari ndiyo inotarisirwa kuti kuvepo, kuvapo kwenyika.
Ndeupi musiyano pakati pemafungiro nemafungiro? Nheyo yenyika ndiyo tsika inomumwe boka revanhu, rinoratidzwa nenzira yekufunga, inoratidzirwa musingazivi maonero ekunzwa mupfungwa mune maitiro, tsika, chitendero, filosofi uye mutauro. Nhema ndeye pfungwa yakazara inotsanangura nzira yekufunga saizvozvo. Mhedziso ndeye tsanangudzo yakajeka, iyo inonyanya kurondedzera zvakajeka zvezviitiko.
Mentality uye worldview
Mafungiro akavakirwa munyika inoona. Inoratidzirwa kuburikidza nepfungwa, pfungwa. Maonero epasi pose anotsanangura muenzaniso wevanhu, inobatsira munhu kudzidza kuzviziva munyika ino. Pasina unhu uhwu, munhu haazokwanisi kunzwisisa kuvepo kwake, kuwana chinangwa chake, munyaya iyi mafungiro akaderera anoratidzwa. Munhu anogona kushandiswa nyore nyore uye anoshandiswa.
Zvichienderana nemafungiro ekuona kwenyika, maonero anotevera maonero anosarudzwa:
- philosophical;
- mythological;
- chitendero;
- sayenzi.
Iko mafungiro akaumbwa sei?
Kuumbwa kwemafungiro kunoitwa pamusoro pemakore gumi namaviri. Inotanga pazera remakore matatu uye inoguma nezera remakore gumi nematanhatu, apo munhu anovandudza purogiramu yake yehutsika, zvinangwa, zvinoreva kuzviita. Kubudirira kwemativi emunhu wepanyika zvakananga kunobva pane:
- mafungiro evabereki;
- mabhuku nemafirimu;
- kusimba muviri uye kugadzikana mupfungwa;
- Vhidhiyo;
- mitemo;
- chikoro.
Ungashandura sei mafungiro?
Munhu wose ane kodzero yekuzvisarudzira nzira yake yehupenyu . Kana ukasarudza kuchinja nyika yako, tarisira kuti izvi zvinoda nguva yakawanda uye simba. Kuti uchinje mafungiro evanhu, zvakakosha:
- kurega doro kuti agadzire chizvarwa chakakwana;
- bvisa pane tsika dzose dzakaipa;
- Kuti ave munhu asingatendi kuti Mwari haasi, nokuti chitendero chinonzi chikafu chakakura pakuvandudzwa kweuchenjeri ;
- verenga mabhuku ezuva ranhasi;
- kuita mazano ekufungidzira;
- kutiza kubva kumitemo yakagadzirirwa munzanga.
Mabhuku pamusoro pepfungwa
Vanyori vakawanda vemabhuku eRussia vakakwanisa kuratidza maitiro emafungiro evanhu veRussia mumabasa anozivikanwa, rimwe nerimwe rinotsanangura kusaziva kwehupamhi, hupamhi uye hupamhi, mazwi uye kutenda kusingazungunuki, kusagutsikana, utsinye uye chibayiro cherudo, kunamatira kwekanaka, utsvene, hukama uye kupesana.
- N.V. Gogol "Mweya Yakafa".
- N.A. Nekrasov "Ndiani anogara zvakanaka muRussia".
- Lyric F.I. Tyutchev.
- Roman F.M. Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov.