Kubvira panguva yekare, vanhu vave vachifarira urongwa hwepasi rakapoteredza, vakatsanangura nzvimbo yavo mairi uye hukama hwavo kune mumwe nemumwe uye ivo pachavo. Iyi maonero enyika kana maonero epasi akazvimirira hupenyu hwomunhu, mararamiro ake uye zvinangwa. Kuti uwane zvakawanda pamusoro penyika, ona nyaya ino.
Chii chinotarisa munhu?
Munhu-kuva munhu anonzwisisa, anokwanisa kufunga uye kufanotaura migumisiro yezviito zvavo, kutsvaka mari yekuzadzika kwezvinangwa zvavo. Zvose izvi zvinotarisa maonero ake enyika. Maitiro ezvisikwa, ruzivo, masayenzi nemabasa anobudirira anoumba maitiro ekuona, kuongororwa uye kuenzanisira kwenyika. Mabasa enyika inoona isangano, zvinoreva uye zvinangwa zvemabasa evanhu. Iko ndiko kuti, nyika inotarirwa inotsanangurwa nekutenda, nzvimbo inokosha uye tsika uye tsika dzakanaka.
Nyika yakaumbwa sei?
Mifananidzo yose yenyika inoumbwa mukugadzirisa dzidzo, kudzidziswa uye kushamwaridzana munzanga. Pakati pese, kuumbwa kwenyika ndeyekuita zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvinoenderana nehutano hweumwe ruzivo. Vechidiki vane ruzivo rwakakwana uye ruzivo vane nyika isina kugadzikana, inoita kuti ive nyore nyore kune vanhu vakasiyana-siyana-vezvematongerwo enyika, vamiririri vezvitendero, nezvimwewo. Sezvatinokura, mararamiro ehupenyu hunosimbisa kusimbisa, kutarisa mufambiro wemunhu mumwe uye kuita semutungamiri wekuita.
Nyika inoona maitiro ayo nemafomu
Kune zvimwe zvikamu zvenyika maonero:
- Knowledge . Vanogona kuva nesayenzi, nyanzvi uye inoshanda. Ichi ndicho chinhu chekutanga chekuona nyika yose. Izvo zvakakura denderedzwa rezivo, kunyanya kusimba hupenyu.
- Manzwiro . Maitiro ezviratidzi anozviratidza ivo pachavo maererano nekutenderera kwemuitiro wemunhu kune zvinoitika kunze. Zvichienderana nehutano hwepfungwa, zvinogona kuitwa zvinogona kuva zvose zvakanaka, uye zvinosanganiswa nemufaro uye kufara, uye zvisina kunaka, kuiswa musungwa mukusuwa, kuchema, kutya. Vanoparadzanisawo maitiro ezvetsika - ibasa, mutoro.
- Values . Iko pfungwa yenyika inofananidzwa zvikuru nehutsika. Inogona kuva nechinangwa, inobatsira uye inokuvadza, asi maonero avo anowanikwa kuburikidza nejeri yezvinangwa zvavo, zvido nezvido.
- Zviito zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka. Saka munhu anozviratidza maonero ake nemafungiro mukuita.
- Zvitendero zvakasimba, zvakasimba-zvinoda. Iko kusanganiswa kwehupenyu hwevanhu pachavo uye hwevanhu, iyo inorudzi rwejini uye hwaro hwehupenyu.
- Unhu - huchava, kutenda, kusahadzika. Pachikonzero chekwanisi yekuzvimirira uye kuzviziva, kuzvivimba , kuvimba kune vamwe uye kuzvitsoropodza, nyika yose inoumbwa uye yakagadzirwa.
Philosophical Worldview
Inotsanangurwa se-system-theoretical. Kubva pane zvenyika maonero evanhu, inoratidzirwa nebasa rakakura rekufunga: kana nhema inoshandisa manzwiro uye manzwiro sechirutsiro, ipapo mafungiro anoshandisa pfungwa uye uchapupu. Mhando iyi yemafungiro inodzidzwa nemasimba anotonga pasi rose. Philosophy uye nyika inoona panguva imwechete yakabuda muIndia yekare, China neGreece. Munyika ino maonero anogona kuvapo kunze kwefilosofi, asi filosofi pachayo inoumba nyika kuona. Unyanzvi hwepfungwa ndeyekudzivirira uye husingawaniki kune wese. Kazhinji vakadzi vechikoro vanodhakwa nazvo.
Religious Worldview
Yakasimuka maererano neshoko rezvinyorwa uye yakavakirwa pakutenda mune simba risina simba. Sezvo mazamu echitendero akabudirira, zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvemhemberero zvakanyangarika mukati mekusaziva, uye kunyanya dzidziso yekudzidzira uye nzira yehutsika yehutsika yakaramba iripo. Mhando dzekuona, kusanganisira uMwari uye utsvene, zvinoreva kuvimba nemasimba makuru. Pano mwoyo wenyika ino maonero ndekutya kwevasingazivikanwi. Mhedziso yepasi rose yechitendero yakaumbwa apo maitiro asingatauriki emitemo akaonekwa, mirairo inogadza kutadza uye utsvene hweimwe pfungwa nemabasa.
Mythological worldview
Rudzi urwu rwakaumbwa mumamiriro ezvinhu evanhu vepakutanga, apo maonero-based based on the world lay on the basis. Mythology yakabatana zvikuru nechihedheni uye inoshanda sechinhu chezvinyorwa, zvinhu zvekunamata zvinhu nezvinhu zvinoshamisa. Kuonekwa kwenyika yakadaro kunobatanidzwa mu sacral uye kusvibiswa, asi nheyo ndeyekutenda. Nenzira, muiteveri wemafungiro aya anogona kukwira kumusana wemwari, uye nheyo dzese dzakasimbiswa dzaive dzakabatsirika kubva pakuona kwemaonero uye dzaiva mutungamiri wekuita.
Scientists worldview
Iyi yenyika yakasimuka sechapesana nemanzwiro ezvitendero. Mufananidzo wezvesayenzi wenyika unobva pane pfungwa dzemutemo uye nguva dzose. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika - zvinyorwa zvechitendero uye zvechitendero zvakavakirwa pazvakaumbwa, zvisingatauriki uye zvinokonzerwa nezvinoshamisa, uye sayenzi inowedzera munguva yekuoma basa, kugadzirisa matambudziko anoshanda. Kuburitsa kwenyika kwakadaro kunopa mukana wekutora ruzivo rutsva kubva kune ruzivo rwakatangwa kare. Kuenzanisa, kutamirwa kuchitendero uye nhoroondo, zvakapa kukurudzirwa kukura kwefilosofi.
Nhepfenyuro yezvepasi
Iyi mafungiro inoumbwa pachayo mumunhu wese uye inonyanya kukosha. Zvisizvo zvepfungwa dzenyika ndezvokuti, muchidimbu, kukura kwayo kunobva kune mazita ehutano hwehutano. Mukati yezvidzidzo nevabereki, kukurukurirana neshamwari nehama, kusangana nemamiriro ezvinhu, tsika, zvinhu zvinokosha uye mafungiro zvinoumbwa, izvo, kusvika pakuyaruka, kuwana zvigadziriswa zvepasi rose zvakatsanangurwa. Iyo inonyanya kukosha mune iyi nzira ndeyezvinyanzwisisiro mumutauro wekuzvarwa uye chiyero chekusimudzirwa kwayo, pamwe nebasa uye zvishandiso.
Historical worldview
Munhoroondo, maitiro ekunzwisisa kwenyika anoramba ari akafanana - ndeyezvinyorwa, zvechitendero uye efilosofi. Vaya vanofarira rudzi rwekuona nyika, zvakakosha kutaura kuti yekutanga yaiva nhema-chirevo chezvinyengeri, chibereko chekufungidzira kwakakurumbira. Chitendero chinowirirana zvikuru nemanzwiro: zvose zviri zviviri zvinongoratidzira kuvapo kwezvinyorwa zvenhoroondo uye kupa ruzivo rwezvinyorwa pakutenda. Fiyofiyo inzira inokosha yekuziva, nokuti chii chinotarisana nenyika ndeye chirevo kana sayenzi inodzidza mitemo yekutanga yekuve nekugogodza.
Ungashandura sei nyika?
Nyika inoona yakakwanisa kuchinja mune imwe nzira yekukura kwomunhu, kuwana ruzivo rutsva. Zvinowanzoitika kuti mushure mechiitiko vanhu vanochinja zvachose hupenyu hwavo uye vanoona mazviri. Vanhu vanoona kuti Mwari haasi ivo vanove votserkovlennymi vanhu, uye vanoziva mabhizinesi vanokanda zvinhu zvose uye vanoenda kune imwe nzvimbo munzvimbo dzakanyarara. Nyika inoona munhu wacho inogona kuvandudzwa, edza tsika dzetsika, kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva, kukurukura nevanhu vakasiyana, kufamba. Zvakakosha kuverenga zvakawanda - mupfungwa, mafirosofi.
Nyika inoona vanhu vemazuva ano
Munguva yekuputsika kweSoviet Union, maonero epasi pose akaoma, yakaguma nekugumburwa kwezvinangwa uye haana kubudirira pakuumba zvitsva. Mune nguva yekushandiswa, chimiro chenguva yemazuva ano, mitemo yakadaro yemitemo semabasa, kukudzwa, mutoro zvakakanganiswa. "Iwe unofanirwa" - munhu wose anonzwa kubva paTV screens uye anoedza kuenzanisa. Nhasi maonero evanhu munguva yekudyidzana kwepasi pose nekuderedza kukosha kwetsika dzenyika uye kuparadzaniswa kwehutsika hwayo.
Zvinoreva hupenyu vanhu vakatanga kutarisa mukufara. Kuwirirana nenyika yenyika, madzitateguru, humwe ukama mumhuri, mazano edzidzo yevana akarasika. Panguva imwecheteyo, nhamba inowedzera yevanhu vari kuve nekuziva kukosha kwekuchinja. Mafungiro ekugadzirwa kwepfungwa akave evanhu. Munhu anoda kuwirirana naiye , zvisikwa nevamwe vanhu. Nhamba yematemberi, nheyo dzinobatsira uye masangano ekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza ari kukura.
Mabhuku anoshandura mafungiro evanhu
Munyika kune vanyori vakawanda vanodzidza zvinoreva hupenyu hwevanhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Munyori weBrazil Paul Coelho . Zvekuda kufanana mabasa anonzi "Alchemist", "Pilgrimage . "
- Mabhuku anoshandura nyika inoona, nyora nyanzvi dzakawanda dzepfungwa. Pakati pavo, Louise Hay , uyo akabatsira vanhu vazhinji kuti vararame nemanzwiro akaipa, kuchinja mafungiro avo uye kunyange kuporesa pane zvimwe zvirwere, nokuti nyika yakadaro inoona inokosha, uye inogona kuchinjwa kana inowedzera hupenyu hwehupenyu.
- Mumwe munyori ndiAlex Baichow . Basa rake "Tsika yekufara" ndiyo pfupi pfupi yekuzvidzivirira, iyo inotaurira nzira yekugadzirisa maitiro ako kuitira kuti uwane chinangwa ichocho sefaro.
- Mutsamba yake "White Book" Viktor Vasiliev inotungamirira nzira dzepfungwa dzinopa mukana wekuzvishandura ivo semunhu, nokuti nyika inoona ndeye "Ini", asi kana iwe ukangowedzera mamwe maitiro kumifananidzo yako yepfungwa , unogona kuchinja maonero ako ehupenyu.