- Mutsara: Indian Creek, Belize;
- Yakanga yakagadzirwa: kubva kuma5 kusvika kuma800 AD;
- Kushanda maawa: zuva nezuva kubva 8:00 kusvika 17:00.
MuBelize, kune chiyeuchidzo chakakosha chekuchera matongo chakasara kubva kune imwe nyika yakasiyana-siyana yeMayan - Nim-Li-Punit. Icho chiri muruwa rweToledo, 40 km kuchamhembe kweguta rePunta Gorda. Zita rinobva mumutauro weMaya rinoshandurwa se "guru hofu". Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemumwe wemifananidzo yemusoro wepamusoro pane imwe ye stelae. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvenhoroondo zvinotsvakwa nevashanyi vanobva kunyika dzakawanda.
Nim-Li-Punit - tsanangudzo
Guta racho rakabudirira munguva kubva muzana remakore rechi5 kusvika kuma8, nguva ino inonzi classical. Vagari veNim-Li-Puni vaiva 5-7 zviuru zvevanhu. Kusvika iye zvino, zvivako zvishomanana chete zvakasara kubva muguta, izvo zvakagadzirirwa zvakapoteredza zvikwere zvitatu. Kureba kwepiramidhi yakakwirira ndeye 12.2 m. Munzvimbo idzi, masayendisiti akawana stelae nemifananidzo yevatongi, dzimwe dzadzo dzakanga dzisingagumi.
Guta rakawanikwa muna March 1976, kubva panguva iyo kuwanikwa kwakaitwa. Kutsvakurudza kwezvinochera matongo kunoramba kuripo kusvikira nhasi, semubairo wehufambiro hwavo, zvaive zvichikwanisa kuwana vaumambo kuvanzwa. Sezvo kuwanikwa kwesainzi kwakauya chete neshinda ne hieroglyphs, pamwe chete nezvimedu. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvaikwanisika kuratidza kuti Nim-Li-Punit yaiva guta guru reumambo hweWakam. Zuva rake rakauya munguva yekupedzisira yekare, kubva muna 721 kusvika ku830.
Izvo zvakawanikwa izvo zviri kuitwa nechekuchera matongo zvino zvichaita kuti zvikwanise kujekesa zvakajeka nhoroondo yeumambo. Pamusoro pezvigadzirwa, "Nhamba yechinomwe" inomira kunze, iyo, maererano nevasayendisiti, yaiva imba yamambo. Yaiva mukati maro kuti guva raivepo kubva muna 400 BC rakawanikwa. Zvinonakidza kuti paiva nemidziyo yakawanda yemakeramic, isati yambofananidza neMaya tsika, asi yakabva muguta guru reTeotihuacan, riri muCentral Mexico.
Kuenderera mberi kwekuchera, archaeologists akawana guva rechipiri remamwe gare gare. Pakanga pane jadeite pendants inoshandiswa neMaya mune tsika bloodlettings. Vamwe vavo vane zvinyorwa, nekuda kwekuti masayendisiti akakwanisa kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pehupenyu hwemadzimambo evanhu vakanyangarika.
Mashoko anobatsira kuvashanyi
Kuzvionera pachako matongo eguta rekare raNim-Li-Punita, munhu anofanira kukwira kumusoro kwechikomo chezvisikwa. Kwira kumusoro kwechikomo kuti ugare mumugwagwa wakasviba wakakomberedzwa, wakakomberedzwa nemiti yakareba ine chondovymi mapalms.
Zvinonakidza kuona uye kutora Square yeStla, iyo inowanikwa makumi maviri nematanhatu ekuchera matongo. Izvo zvakanakisisa zvazvo zvakagadzirirwa pedo nehanzvadzi yekambi. Chikorodzano chenyeredzi chakaitwa paStella Square. Kana iwe ukasvika kumadokero kwechikomo chekona, ipapo mabwe matatu ari pamberi pegomo rekumabvazuva acharatidza mangwanani-ngwanani mazuva eenzinox uye solstice. Imwe yemahombe inosvika mamiriyoni gumi nemashanu, uye imwe inoratidzwa mutongi weIndia panguva yechiitiko.
Asi chinonyanya kukosha pakati pevatashanyi chinowanikwa apo kushanyira kumaodzanyemba kweguta rekare. Heino madzimambo amambo, mavari vanochera matongo vakawana zvisikwa zvevanhu, zvishongo, midziyo yevhu uye zvipo.
Nhungamiro yehutungamiri inotaura zvakadzama pamusoro peguta rekare, nhoroondo yaro uye kuti vagari varo vakasiya sei munenge 800 BC. Kukati vevashanyi vanogona kutyaira uye nemotokari - kupaka apa iripo. Nzvimbo uye zvigadziriswa zvakawanikwa munguva yekuchera zvinoratidzwa munzvimbo mbiri huru. Pano, vashanyi vanogona kudzidza nezvemaitiro, tsika dzevaMaya.
Kuwedzera kune kukosha kwayo kwezvokuchera matongo, Nim-Li-Punit inokwezva vatashanyi nekunakirwa kwenzvimbo. Pazuva rakajeka, gomo rinopa maonero anoshamisa eGungwa reCaribbean. Miti yakagadzirirwa zvakanaka ine matavi anotsvaira inoita nzvimbo yacho yakakodzera kwepikiniki. Vatashanyi vanopiwawo kuti vafambe munzira nhatu dzakasiyana: kumabvazuva, kumaodzanyemba uye kumadokero. Nzira imwe neimwe inopfuura nezvivakwa zvinofadza, nzvimbo dzakanaka.
Nzira yekuenda seiko?
Nym-Li-Punit iri makiromita mashanu kuchamhembe kweSouth route, iyo inogara ichimhanya nemabhazi kubva kumaguta ari pedyo. Nzira dzekuenderera kune vafambi imisha yeIndia uye Golden Creek, guta rekare riri pedyo navo.