Evergreen bush pepino (kana kuti muvhinga pear) inobva kuSouth America. Zita rayo rakanga risina kuitika. Zvibereko zvaro zvakafanana nepeyari muhumiro, asi inonaka sevhenekoni. Vanodzima zvachose nyota yavo uye vanozorodza. Chibereko chinogona kudyiwa chisina kuiswa, chakawedzerwa kuma saladi, chakaomeswa, chando, chikwata, chikafu chinogadzirwa kana jam.
Melon Pear Peari
Vazhinji vevarimi vari kushamisika nezve pepino - chii chinomera ichi, icho chiri kuwedzera kunyanya mumakore achangopfuura? Tsika inoreva mhuri yeSalanaceae, semamato kana mbatata . Miti yacho inoshambadza, yakasimba, semi-arboreal shrub ine yakakwirira kusvika pamamita mashanu uye hupamhi hwema 5-7 mm. Iyo inogara isingaperi, yakakura muvhu rakazaruka kana rakavharwa.
Nyeredzi dzePepin dzinounganidzwa mu inflorescences, yakafanana nembatanidzwa. Michero yakaoma, yakatsvuka kana yerineni, nyama yakafukidzwa neganda rine mahonho machena, mbeu dziri mukati iduku. Chibereko chacho chinotapira uye chinomwa kuvaravira uye chinotyisa kwazvo, chinenge chakareba kusvika masendimita makumi mashanu uye uremu hwe 750 gm. Mune imwe nguva kubva pagwenzi zvinokwanisika kubvisa kusvika kune makirogiramu manomwe emichero, uye pakurima muhari - 5 kg. Chibereko chacho chinopa utano uye chinokosha-chakafuma mu carotene, simbi, pectin, mavitamini, iodini.
Pepino makirasi
Iko peon pear ine marudzi maviri anokosha akakurira munharaunda yehurumende yedu - Consuelo naRamses. Ivo vanozivikanwa pakati pevarimi, kubvira muna 2000 ivo vanobatanidzwa zviri pamutemo muDhipatimendi reHurumende sevanonyanya kuvimbisa. Mamiriro edzimba dzemhando yevhuni pear:
- Pepino Ramses . Kukohwa, kutanga-kubva, kusagadzikana kune zvinokonzera zvikwereti. Mashizha ake akamira, anogadziriswa, aine ruvara ane violet. Zvibereko zvine ruvara rwechitsvuku, zvinenge zvisinganzwisisi zvimedu, marangi emarara, kuenzana kusvika 750 gm. Dzimwe nguva vane zvinyoro zvishoma zvinonaka, uye vhutsi rinoratidzika pachena.
- Pepino Consuelo . Uyewo kubvumira, asi zvishoma kusinganisa kune zvinokonzera zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakanyanya kucheka-kunwa. Chimiro chine utera hwakasvibiswa lilac chinosvika kusvika 2 m murefu. Mashizha anoita seplateplate. Zvibereko zveConuelo zvine mifananidzo yakajeka, zvine ruvara rwepepuru pane ruvara rwemutsvuku. Kubatsira kukuru kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana kunakidza kunaka maitiro e pepino sechibereko. Iine inonaka inonaka uye inonaka, yakafanana nehutekoni. Kana chibereko ichibvaruka, chinonyorovesa zvakanyanya zvokuti chinogona kudhakwa sejisi kuburikidza negwenzi. Zvibereko zviduku kudarika zveRamses, masero awo anosvika magirita 620.
Sei kukura pepino?
Exotic pepino iri nyore kukudziridza nekubatsira kwembeu kana kucheka. Kunyange zvazvo iri tsika yakareba kwenguva refu, inotora midzi gore roga roga, sezvinoitwa nematata kana pepper. Chimiro chinoda zuva uye kudziya, kubva pakusima miche pakukohwa kunotora mwedzi 4-5. Iyo yakawanda yekushisa kwekugadziriswa kwekugadzirwa kwe pepino, kukura michero yakadaro pamba iri 18-25 ° C. Mukupisa kunopfuura 26 ° C, michero haigoni kusunga.
Pepino - kukura kubva kumbeu
Kuti uwane mumwe mbeu yakakura ye pepino kubva kumbeu pamusha muna May, kudyara kunotanga munaNovember-December. Mbeu dzinosaswa zvishoma neivhu rakasununguka. Kuti kuchengetedza unyoro, michero yakafukidzwa nefirimu. Mbeu dzinoderedzwa mushure memazuva 5-7. Panguva ino mashizha anoda nguva dzose kujekeswa kwemwenje. Muchikamu chemashizha maviri, michero inogadzirirwa mumikombe, ichidzika kusvika kune cotyledons uye chifukidzo nefirimu. Chiedza chinoderedzwa kusvika maawa 14 pazuva, pedo kusvika muna March zvakanyatsomiswa. Nenguva yekudzika muvhu rakavhurwa, mashizha anofanira kusvika 10 cm murefu uye fomu 8 mashizha.
Kuberekwa kwe pepino ne cuttings
Ita uye uwedzere marononi pear nemasvingo akachengeteka. Gore rimwe nerimwe kuti uwedzere chibereko iwe pachako, unofanira kuva neutterine shrub. Musarudzo wakasarudzwa hupenyu hwakakwana mukutenderera unotamirwa kune mudziyo uye unounzwa mumba. Shoots dzinoderedza iyo nechetatu, kunwisa kunoderedzwa, gwenzi rinofanira kuchengetwa pamasendiro e + 8 ° C. Pakupera kwechando, tangi inowanikwa mukamuri rine mamiriro + 16 ° C, ichiwedzera kudiridza.
Pamubvunzo iwoyo, apo cuttings ye pepino, vane ruzivo vemizambiringa vanopindura - pakati pemwedzi waFebruary. Kubva pane zvinyorwa zvakanyanyisa, chikamu chepichipu cheputi ine mashizha manomwe chakaparadzaniswa. Izasi 2 inobviswa, tsona inowanikwa mumvura, mushure memazuva mashanu kusvika ma-manomwe, midzi inowanikwa zvakanyanya pavari. Zvadaro micheka yakasimwa mumikombe yakasvibiswa nemakomba ekubvisa mvura, iyo inotarisirwa nguva isati yambobuda ichienda kune substrate.
Pepino - kutarisira
Iko peononi inokura mumagetsi, nzvimbo yakazaruka kana muhari nehuwandu hwe 5 litita. Muvharidziro rakapfigwa, mbeu inodyarwa pakati pemusi waEpril, izvi zvinobvumira kutsvaira zvinomera zvemuti uye kuwana nguva yekukohwa. Munzvimbo yakapoteredzwa, zviri nyore kukura simiti - imomo unogona kugadzirisa kutonhora. Munzvimbo yakazaruka inomera yevhuni pear yakadyarwa gare gare - muna May, nepo dambudziko rekutsvaira kwemazuva masikati rinenge risina kukwana. Apo pavakabvunzwa kuti vangamutsa sei pepino kumba, dacha inorayirwa kutora bhasi negwenzi pabhandiro mumazuva anodziya. Tsika inoda mweya mutsva uye chiedza chezuva.
Nzira yekudyara pepino?
Usati wadyara mbeu inonzi substrate iri nani kutarisa mhinduro ye potassium permanganate. Pepino - kukwanisa kugadzirira uye kutarisira:
- mitsetse yakagadzirirwa nechepakati pakati pavo ye 70 cm;
- Mushonga unoshandiswa: compost 4 kg / m 2;
- Mbeu dzinodyarwa muchitenderedzwa chakagadzirwa kuitira kuti pave nekafu ye 50 cm pakati pemakwenzi;
- Mbeu yakanyoroveswa uye yakanyonganiswa nevhu rakaoma. Izvi zvinoderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, uye inovandudza mamiriro ezvinhu ekukura kwebukira;
- zvichida kuendesa manheru.
Iko maronti omuti pepino - ivhu
Gwenzi revhekisi rinotonhora zvakanaka muvhu risina neutral acidity, rakanaka. Miti inofanira kuva isina nitrogen yakawandisa, iyo inokonzera kukura kwakasimba kwesimba pazvinokonzera kubereka. Izvo zvakanakisisa zvigadziriswa zve pepino munyika ino maeii, cucumber, nyemba , garlic. Mushure mokukohwa kukohwa kwekare, nyika iri kukura, yakabviswa masora uye yakasara yemidzi.
Pakuwa, manyowa uye mineral potash phosphorus feeds zvinowanikwa mairi. Muchirimo, ivhu rinosunungura zvakare kuchengeta unyoro mairi. Zvokudya zvevhenekari zvinowanikwa mwedzi woga woga. Maitiro ekutanga anoitwa 10-14 mazuva mushure mekudonha, wechipiri - mushure mokunge michero yacho yakasungirirwa, zvino-masvondo maviri ose. Chimiro chinopindura zvakanaka kumuriwo (1: 7), kana madonhi embeu (1:20).
Pepino pahwindo - kudiridza
Kana uchisarudza kukura pepino kumba, zviri nani kuichengeta pawindo rekumaodzanyemba sill, sezvo iri chiedza-rudo. Kunwa mvura yevhenekeri mukati kana mukati maro kunodiwa nenzira yakakodzera - haitore mvuralogging uye inoshamiswa nyore nyore nemudzi wevhu. Gadzirai ivhu mazuva ose mashomanana, haufaniri kubvumira kuti iome - panguva imwechete midzi miduku iri kufa, uye muti unokanda mashizha uye ovary. Mvura yepipi inodururwa ipapo, kana denga revhu rakaomeswa kusvika pakadzika kwe1 cm. Nokukurumidza kushanduka mumumvuri, chibereko chinogona kupera.
Apo Pepino Consuelo inodurudza?
Inofadzwa nemaruva evhenda pear 70-85 mazuva mushure mekubuda. Corollas pa pepin yakafanana nehotera. Maruva akawanda anounganidzwa mumapoka, kusvika kumapande makumi maviri mune imwe neimwe. Iyo mhete yakachena uye yakatsvaira lilac. Zvibereko zvakasungirwa kubva pamagumo aMarch kusvika munaMeyi. Miti yacho inofunga-poda, asi zvinokurudzirwa kuizunungusa zvinyoronyoro pakuumbwa kwechibereko panguva yekuyerera. MunaJune, mushure mekunge mazuva acho ava nguva refu uye kutonhora kunomuka, chirwere chinenge chisina kuumbwa.
Uchitsvaga nei Pepino isingasviki, unofanirwa kuziva kuti tsika iyi inoda kupisa, asi inoda imwe microclimate. Mamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera ovary maitiro ane 20-25 degrees. Zviri nyore kuzvisimbisa mumagetsi. Paunenge uchichengetedza simiti muvhu rakavhurika, pane zvimwe zvinetso. Sultry zhizha pa +30? C muti wacho hauna kuputika kana pamusoro pawo usina kuchena macorollas anoumbwa, izvo zvinongoputika. Zvibereko zvinosungirwa chete pamaruva ane lilac.
Kana mamiriro acho akakodzera, iyo exot ichafarirwa nemichero yejisi munaSeptember. Kubva panguva yekuonekwa kwemaruva kusvika pakuibva kwechibereko kunotora mwedzi 2-3-3. Nenguva ino vanova vanyoro, vanotora ruvara rwemucheka kana ruvara rwekamu, pane peel rinowanikwa zvakajeka lilac stripes. Muchero wakakura unomanikidzwa neminwe, kunyanya kudarika tomato. Michero inofanira kubviswa kubva mumiti mumakore - peari shoma isina kubhurwa inonyoka nyore nyore mufiriji, iyo inogona kuchengetwa kwemwedzi miviri.
Ndichatanga rini papinini?
Mvumo inobvumirwa pakurima pepino melon (melon) - pasynkovanie uye kusungira kwemuti. Tsika yakasimba kwazvo musango uye inoita maitiro mazhinji. Mafambisi acho anobviswa kana akareba urefu hwe 3-5 cm Pamusoro pemiti unofanirwa kusiya penechki (0.5-1 cm), iyo inodzivisa kuonekwa kwekutsva patsva mumasikisi emashizha mamwechete. Gwenzi rinokurudzirwa kuti rishandise nguva dzose - vhiki imwe neimwe.
Pashure pemiti yakasimwa, panhovo iwe unoda kugadzirisa zvinotsigira (mabomba, zvigadzirwa, mapegi emapuranga) ane urefu hwemaminitsi makumi mapfumbamwe nemasere. Sezvo mbeu dzinokura, dzinosungirirwa kuti dzisimbiswe. Chimiro chisina kugadziriswa pasina pasynkovaniya pasi pesimba rekuremera kwayo wilts, inopararira pasi, matavi awo anotora midzi uye haabereki zvibereko. Kuumbwa kwegwenzi uye kusungirirwa kunoita kuti tsika dzigone kushandisa zvakakwana simba rinopisa rezuva.
Diseases of pepino
Pepino inokonzerwa nezvirwere uye zvipembenene zvinokonzerwa netamate, eggplants uye pepper. Dambudziko guru mukurima:
- Iyo nyuchi dzinokonzerwa nehove, whitefly, Colorado beetle. Pakati pemakemikari anopikisana navo anoshandiswa: insecticides (Actellik, Confidor, Fosbitsid) nokuda kwekuparadzwa kwe whiteflies uye aphids; Acaricides (Carbofos) kubva kune tsanga dzenguruve.
- Edzai mavhiri pear uye chirwere: inoparadza zvinoparadza "gumbo rakasviba", kuitira kuti izvi zvirege kuitika, substrate inotanga kusanganiswa nemanganese solution.
- Apo ivhu rakanyanyisa, miviri yakaora inoratidzika kubvisa chirwere chacho, zvinodikanwa kuti isasvibise ivhu nemhangura sulfate, shandura ivhu rakasvibiswa nevhu rakachena, kuderedza kunwisa.
- Muchikamu chechipiri chezvinomera, shrub inogona kugunzva phytophthora. Kurwisana nerubatsiro rwekaka whey kana chirwere chechirwere Fitosporin - kunwisa kamwechete pavhiki.
- Miti yacho inogona kuitika kune nightshade bronchitis virus: mashizha epeplinic akaoma, mahwendefa ane hutachiona anosviba uye anoputika. Utachiona hauhutwa, nzira huru yekudzivirira kubereka kwayo ndiko kubviswa kwegwenzi rakagadzirirwa.
Hapana mishonga yekurwisana nezvirwere uye zvidzvara zve pepino, nokuti izvi zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa zvinobatsira mukuchengetedza utamatisi, mazai nemimwe mbeu nightshade. Kuti usashandise makemikari, iwe unogona kuisa mukana wefodya, yarrow, garlic kana peel yeeanisi uye spray pepino kubva kune sprayer kamwechete pavhiki. Usati watumira mazita ekuberekwa kwechikadzi munguva yechando, inofanirawo kudirirwa nekudzivirira mhinduro.