Zvirwere zvepachirwere - urongwa hwezvirwere zvakajairika uye zvirwere zvinotyisa zvikuru

Zvirwere zvepachirwere zvinokanganisa masero ayo mava kutokanganiswa, izvo anoshandiswa nevashandi. Kutsvakurudza kwemazuva ano kwakaratidza kuti izvi zvinongoitika chete nekusimba kusimba kwehutachiona, izvo zvisingakwanisi kurwisa zvakakwana dambudziko racho.

Zviratidzo zvezvirwere zvehutachiona

Mushure mekuwana mabhakitiriya zvakava pachena kuti kune zvimwe zvinokonzera chirwere chacho. Kwenguva yokutanga, mavairusi akatanga kutaurirwa pamusoro pomugumo wezana remakore rechi19, nhasi zvinopfuura 2 000 zvemarudzi avo zvakadzidzwa. Izvowo zvinowanzofanana - hutachiona hwehutachiwana hunodikanwa nenyaya inorarama, nokuti inongova nehutachiona chete. Apo hutachiona hunoiswa muchitokisi, maitiro ayo anoshanduka, uye inotanga kushanda pane chirwere chinopinda kubva kunze.

Mhando dzezvirwere zvehutachiona

Aya majekiseni anowanzozivikaniswa nemaitiro avo emagetsi:

• DNA - catarrhal zvirwere zvehutachiona hwevanhu, hepatitis B, herpes, papillomatosis, chicken pox, lichen;
• RNA - Fenza, hepatitis C, HIV, poliomyelitis, AIDS.

Zvirwere zvepachirwere zvinogonawo kuenzanisirwa maererano nemaitiro emagetsi pane sero:

• cytopathic - yakaunganidza zvinyorwa uye inouraya;
• immuno-mediated - hutachiwana hwakavakirwa mujenome yakarara, uye maantijeni ayo anowira kumusoro, achiisa sero pasi pemigumisiro yechirwere chemuviri, iyo inofunga kuti inopesana;
• runyararo - an antigen haisi kubudiswa, hurumende inopfuurira kwenguva yakareba, kudzokorora kunotanga apo mamiriro akanaka anogadzirwa;
• kuderera - sero inotenderera mumarara.

Utachiona hunoparadzirwa sei?

Kupararira kwehutachiwana hwehutachiona hunoitwa ne:

1. Air-drip. Zvirwere zvinoputika nehutachiona zvinoparidzirwa nekukanda zvidimbu zvemukasi zvinoputika panguva yekunyunyuta.
2. Parenteral. Muchiitiko ichi, chirwere chinouya kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana, munguva yekurapa kwechiremba, zvepabonde.
3. Nokudya. Zvirwere zvepachirara zvinouya nemvura kana zvokudya. Dzimwe nguva ivo vari mumamiriro ekurara kwemazuva mazhinji, vachionekwa kunze kwekutungamirirwa kunze.

Nei zvirwere zvepachirwere zvine maitiro ezvirwere?

Mishonga yakawanda inopararira nekukurumidza, iyo inokonzera kubuda kwezvirwere. Zvikonzero zveizvi zvinotevera:

1. Kunaka kwekuparidzirwa. Mishonga yakawanda yakakomba uye zvirwere zvehutachiona zvinoparidzirwa nyore nyore kuburikidza nemadonhwe emate, akavharirwa mukati nekufema. Mune chimiro ichi, pathogen inokwanisa kuchengetedza basa kwenguva yakareba, saka inokwanisa kuwana mitsva yakawanda yevatakuri.
2. Kuberekwa nekukurumidza. Mushure mokupinda mumuviri, masero anogadziriswa kamwe chete, achipa miviri yakakosha yemuviri.
3. Kuoma kwekuparadza. Hazvizivikanwi nguva dzose maitiro ekurapa hutachiona hwehutachiwana, izvi zvinokonzerwa neruzivo rwakashata, kukanganisa kwekuchinja kwematambudziko uye matambudziko pakuona - pakutanga kwekutanga zvinongonongedzwa nyore nyore nedzimwe matambudziko.

Zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwehutachiona

Nzira yezvirwere zvehutachiona inogona kusiyanisa maererano nerudzi rwayo, asi pane nheyo dzakawanda.

1. Fever. Iyo inoperekedzwa nekusimudzirwa kwekushisa kusvika kune digirii 38, kunze kweiyo maitiro emhando chete yeAARVI kupfuura. Kana kutonhora kuchikwirira, zvino izvi zvinoratidza kuve kwakanyanya. Icho hachigoni kupfuura mavhiki maviri.
2. Rash. Zvirwere zvepachirwere zveganda zvinowirirana nezviratidzo. Vanogona kutarisa semaruva, roseola uye vesicles. Unhu hwehuduku, muhukuru hurasi hushoma.
3. Meningitis. Inoitika ne enterovirus uye fenza , vana vanowanzotarisana.
4. Kunyorerwa - kurasikirwa nechido, kuora mwoyo, kuora musoro, kushaya simba uye kukanganisa. Izvi zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwehutachiona hunokonzerwa nehupfu hwakasunungurwa ne-pathogen munguva yebasa. Simba remagumisiro rinoenderana nekuoma kwechirwere, chinorema vana, vakuru vangasazviona.
5. Diarrhea. Ihwo hunhu hwema rotaviruses, chigaro chine mvura, haina ropa.

Human Viral Diseases - Nyora

Hazvibviri kutumidza nhamba chaiyo yemavirusi - iyo inogara ichichinja, kuwedzera mamwe mazita. Zvirwere zvepachirwere, urongwa hwezvinhu zvinoratidzwa pasi apa, ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa.

1. Flu uye kutonhora. Zviratidzo zvavo ndezvi: kushaya simba, fivha, kurwadziwa kwehuro. Mishonga yeAntiviral inoshandiswa, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inowanirwa zvakare kuwedzera kwebhakitiriya.
2. Rubella. Ziso, mapfupa ekufema, kervical lymph nodes uye ganda rinowira pasi pesimba. Inopararira nemhepo-drop method, inofambidzana nekushisa kwepamusoro uye mashizha echando.
3. Mumps. Iyo nzira yekufema inobatwa, mune zvisingawanzoitika, mapeti anowanikwa mune varume.
4. Yellow fever. Inopisa chiropa nemidziyo yeropa.
5. Measles. Ngozi kuvana, inokanganisa matumbo, chirwere chekufema uye ganda.
6. Laryngitis . Kakawanda kazhinji kunoitika pamusana peimwe dambudziko.
7. Poliomyelitis. Inopinda muropa mumvura kuburikidza nemukumbo uye kufema, apo uropi huri kurwara.
8. Angina. Kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakanzwisiswa nemusoro, fivhiri, chironda chakakomba uye chills.
9. Hepatitis. Chero zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzera yellow peganda, kusviba kwemuguta uye kusina kuchena kwechigaro, izvo zvinoratidza kuputsa kwemabasa akawanda emuviri.
10. Typhus. Kazhinji munyika yemazuva ano, inokanganisa kushambadzira kwenyika, inogona kutungamirira ku thrombosis.
11. Syphilis. Mushure mechiremera chemuviri wechipfuva, pathogen inopinda majoini nemaziso, ichipararira mberi. Yakareba haina zviratidzo, saka kuongorora kwenguva nenguva kunokosha.
12. Encephalitis. Uropi hunovhiringidzwa, chirwere hachigoni kuvimbiswa, njodzi yekufa yakareba.

Mishonga inotyisa zvikuru munyika yose yevanhu

Urongwa hwezvirwere zvinomiririra dambudziko guru kumitumbi yedu:

1. Hantavirus. Iyo inokonzera causative inoparadzirwa kubva kumakonzo, inokonzera fevhesi dzakasiyana-siyana, kufema mukati mairi kubva pa12 kusvika ku36%.
2. Influenza. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvirwere zvinotyisa zvikuru zvinozivikanwa kubva munhau, matambudziko akasiyana anokwanisa kukonzera denda, ikozvino rinorema kunobata vana vakwegura uye vaduku.
3. Marburg. Yakasunungurwa muhafu yepiri yezana remakore rechi20, ndicho chinokonzera kupisa kwemafivha. Inoparadzirwa kubva kumhuka nevanhu vane utachiona.
4. Rotavirus . Ndicho chinokonzera chirwere ichi, kurapa kuri nyore, asi munyika dzisina kudzivirirwa, vana vana 450 000 vanofa gore negore kubva pairi.
5. Ebola. Maererano nedhenda ra2015, kufa kune 42%, kunoparidzirwa nekubatana nemidziyo yevanhu vane utachiona. Zviratidzo ndezvi: kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwekushisa, utera, kurwadziwa mumisumbu uye pamutsipa, masvosve, chirwere, kurutsa, kubuda ropa kunogona.
6. Dengue . Kufa kunofungidzirwa pa50%, inozivikanwa nekudhakwa, kupisa, fivha, lymph node kupinda. Akaparidzwa muAsia, Oceania neAfrica.
7. Chibhokisi. Inozivikanwa kwenguva refu, inotyisa kune vanhu chete. Inozivikanwa nehasha, fivha yakakura, kurutsira uye musoro. Nyaya yekupedzisira yehutachiona yakaitika muna 1977.
8. Rabies. Iyo inotamirwa kubva kumhuka dzinodziya-neropa, inoshungurudza hurongwa hwehutano. Mushure mekuonekwa kwezviratidzo, kubudirira kwekurapa hakunakwanisi.
9. Lossa. Iko-causative agent inotakurwa nemakonzo, yakatanga kuwanikwa muna 1969 muNigeria. Hwakagadzikana neitsvo, nervous system, inotanga myocarditis uye hemorrhagic syndrome. Kurapa kwakaoma, fever inotora hupenyu huri kusvika 5 000 pagore.
10. HIV. Inopfurikidza kuburikidza nekusangana nemidziyo yevanhu vane utachiona. Pasina kurapwa, kune mukana wokurarama makore 9-11, kuoma kwayo kunowanikwa mukugadzirisa kwemaitiro kunouraya masero.

Kurwisa zvirwere zvehutachiona

Izvo zvakaoma zvehondo iri muhupenyu hunogara huchizivikanwa hunoita kuti chiitiko chekurapa zvirwere zvehutachiona chisakoshi. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakatsvaga kutsvaga mishonga mitsva, asi panguva ino yemazuva ekuvandudzwa kwemishonga, zviyero zvakawanda zvinokurudzirwa nokukurumidza, kusati kwashandura chirwere ichi. Nzira idzi dzinotevera dzakagamuchirwa:

• etiotropic - kudzivirira kubereka kwepathogen;
• chirurgic;
• immunomodulating.

Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kune utachiona hwehutachiona

Mukati yehutachiona, hutachiona hunogara hwakaneta, dzimwe nguva hunoda kusimbiswa kuti uuraye pathogen. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kana pane chirwere chetachiona, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inowanikwa zvakare. Izvo zvinodiwa, apo hutachiona hwehutachiona hwakabatana, hunourawa chete nenzira iyi. Nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwakachena, kutora mishonga iyi hakuzounesi kuwedzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu.

Kudzivirira kwezvirwere zvehutachiona

1. Hemukisi inoshanda kune imwe pathogen.
2. Kusimbisa hutachiona hwekuzvidzivirira - kudzivirirwa kwehutachiwana hwepachiona nenzira iyi zvinoreva kuoma, kudya kwakakodzera, kutsigirwa nemashizha emiti.
3. Kuchengetedza - kuregererwa kwemashamwari nevarwere, kubviswa kwekusabatwa kwepabonde kusina kudzivirirwa.