Cephalosporin iboka guru remishonga inoshandiswa zvikuru inorwisa mabhakitiriya, iyo yekutanga yakawanikwa mukati mezana remakore rechi20. Kubvira panguva iyo, mamwe akawanda antimicrobial agents eboka iri akawanikwa, uye zvinyorwa zvavo zvemaitiro zvinokonzerwa. Nokudaro, panguva ino, zvizvarwa zvishanu zve cephalosporins zvinorongwa.
Mhedzisiro huru yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ndeyokuvhiringidza masero emasero emabhakitiriya, izvo zvinotungamirira pakufa kwavo. Cephalosporin inoshandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemaBriteria, gram-positive, uye mabhakitiriya eGam-positive, kana mabhakitiriya kubva muboka repenicillin akawanikwa asina kushanda.
Iko kune zvigadzirwa kubva kuboka re cephalosporin kune zvose muromo uye injectable administration. Mune mapiritsi, cephalosporins yemadzinza 1, 2 ne3 anosunungurwa, uye zvizvarwa zvechina uye zvechi5 zvezvirwere zvinorwisa mabhakitiriya zveboka iri zvinongotarisirwa kuti parenteral administration. Izvi ndechokuti havasi mishonga yose yakabatana ne cephalosporins inobviswa kubva pamatumbo emimba. Sezvo mutemo, maantibayoti mumapiritsi anorayirwa kune zvirwere zvishoma zverapi pamusana pekunze kwepakati.
Rwendo rwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ye cephalosporin boka mumapiritsi
Chimbofunga kuti cephalosporins inogona kushandiswa sei mumuromo, ichichigovana maererano nemazera.
Cephalosporins 1 chizvarwa mumatafura
Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Cephalexin;
- Cefadroxil.
Iyi mishonga inoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwemigumisiro yemigumisiro, pamwe nehuwandu hwemabasa ekurwisa mabhakitiriya e gram-negative. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vanorayirwa kuti vabate kurapwa kwakakomba kweganda, zvinyoro zviduku, mapfupa, mafundo uye ENT nhengo dzinokonzerwa ne streptococci uye staphylococci. Muchiitiko ichi, pakurapa sinusitis uye otitis, mishonga iyi haina kurongerwa nokuti inonyatsopinda nepakati pezeve uye mukati mezvivi zvese.
Kusiyana kukuru kweCephadroxil kubva kuCephalexin ndechokuti iyo yekupedzisira inoratidzwa nenguva yakareba yekuita, iyo inokubvumira kuderedza kuwandisa kwemishonga. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, pakutanga kwekurapa, cephalosporins yechizvarwa chekutanga muna maitiro ejojekiti inogona kugadziriswa pamwe nekushandura kune fomu yepafomu.
Cephalosporins 2 zvizvarwa mumatafura
Pakati pezvinodhaka zvechikamu ichi:
- Cefaclor;
- Cefuroxime axetil.
Izvo zviitiko zvechipiri-chizvarwa cephalosporin basa rinorwisana ne -gram-negative mabhakitiriya yakafara kupfuura yezera rekutanga. Mahwendefa aya anogona kutarisirwa ne:
- Zvirwere zvinotapukira-zvinotapukira zvepamusoro nepamusoro chepumusoro (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia inowanikwa munharaunda);
- zvirwere zvinotapukira zvemashoko emuguta;
- kwete-yakakomba ganda zvirwere, mabhakitiriya matonho ezvinyoro zvinyoro, mapfupa nemajoini.
Pamusana pekuti Cefaclor haigoni kuumba yakakwirira mukati mezeve, haisati yashandiswa kuti iite otitis media, uye Cefuroxime axetil inogona kushandiswa munyaya iyi. Muchiitiko ichi, antibacterial spectrum yemishonga yose yakafanana, asi Cefaclor haasati aita basa maererano nepneumococci uye hemophilic tsvimbo.
Cephalosporins 3 zvizvarwa mumatafura
Chizvarwa chechitatu che cephalosporins chinosanganisira:
- Cefixime;
- Ceftibuten.
Zviratidzo zvemishonga iyi ndezvi:
- basa rakakwirira maererano ne enterobacteria uye Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- yakanakisisa pharmacokinetic properties;
- kupindira kwakanaka mumatomu.
Aya maantibayoti anonyanya kunyorwa apo:
- chronic chronic bronchitis chinokonzerwa nehwamophiki tsvimbo uye morocell;
- urinary tract tract infections inokonzerwa nemaruva akawanda.
Cefixime inorayirwa zvakare kuti gonorrhea uye shigellosis.