Kutanga kukura kwevana - maitiro akanaka

Basa guru remubereki mumwe nomumwe nderekurera mwana anofara uye kumubatsira kuzarura unyanzvi huripo. Pavana kubvira pakuberekwa kune zvimwe zvido zvekuda, maitiro uye matarenda. Zvakakosha kuti amai nababa vatsigire mwana mukurima kwavo, kuvadzidzisa nzira yekubatana nayo nenyika dzakapoteredza.

Zviratidzo zvekuvandudzwa kwevana vaduku

Uropi uye nervous system yemwana kusvika kumakore matatu inofambira mberi nekukurumidza kupfuura munhu mukuru mukuru. Munguva iyi, munhu muduku anogamuchira makumi ezana makumi mapfumbamwe ematatu emashoko, uye makumi maviri kubva 20% - nokuda kwehupenyu hwake hwose. Panguva ino, maumbirwo emakumbo ehurumende uye maumbirwo emunhu. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kukura nekurerwa kwevana vaduku kunofungidzirwa sechinhu chinokosha pane zvose chekudzidzisa. Mwedzi yekutanga 36 kubva panguva yekuzvarwa, mwana anodzidza unyanzvi hunotevera:

• kutaura;
• motokari;
• visual;
• tactile;
• auditing.

Kubudirira kwakanaka kwevana vaduku ndicho chinhu chinokosha pakuumbwa kwekwakanaka kwehutano hwevanhu uye mafungiro emanzwiro. Kana iwe ukakurumidza kuziva kuti unhu hupi hwemwana nemasimba ayo, zviri nyore kukwidziridza hupenyu hwakakwana uye hunomirira. Zvakakosha kusaisa kumanikidza mwana, kuedza kuzviona zvaanotarisira, asi kumubatsira kuti aratidze zvingave uye matarenda evanhu.

Nzira dzekukura kwekutanga kwevana

Kune nzira dzakawanda dzehutano huri kuongororwa, avo vanozivikanwa zvikuru vepfungwa uye vadzidzisi varikudzidzira maitiro akaenzana ekudzidzisa. Nzira dzinonyanyozivikanwa dzekusimudzira vana vaduku:

1. Montessori. Icho chinonyanya kukosha yezvidzidzo ndiyo hupfumi hwakanyanya hwemwana. Mwana anosarudza basa rake uye nguva yaro pane zvido, kufarira uye mafungiro. Basa revanhu vakuru mumatauriro akarondedzerwa ndeyekuchenjera uye unobtrusive mutevedzeri.
2. Doman. Mudzidzisi anokurudzira kutanga kutanga kukura kwevana pakarepo mushure mokuberekwa. Nzira yekurovedza inosanganisira zvikamu zviviri - kuumbwa kweveurural connections kuburikidza nezviito zvekare (kugara, kutamba, kufamba) nekuita kuti pfungwa dzive nekubatsirwa nemakadhi chaiwo. Mhando yakafanana ndeye nzira yaZazev (cubes).
3. Steiner (Waldorf Pedagogy). Nzira yekuzvidzivirira kune nzira yekudzidza. Nheyo inokosha ndiyo mutsara wekutakura mitoro kumikana yemakore. Zvinotendwa kuti kusvika kumakore manomwe, vana havana ruzivo rwekufunga, saka vana vanodzidza nyika kuburikidza nemabasa ezuva nezuva, kutamba uye mimhanzi, nhau dzeveve uye kutaurirana. Kutarisa TV, mitambo yepakombiyuta, mapikicha emagetsi anoiswa kunze.
4. Lupan. Shanduro iri nyore yeDoman nzira. Chinokosha chekutaurirana ndechokuzvipira, kudzidziswa nguva dzose uye kwose kwose. Vabereki vanokurudzirwa kuti vataure necheche kubva pamazuva ekutanga ekuberekwa kwavo. Mune ramangwana zvakakosha kuisa zvinyorwa mumabhii makuru zvichienderana nezvinhu zvinowirirana (chigaro, chioni, tebhendi uye tafura). Zvinobatsira kunyora nhau kana nharo pamusoro pomwana pachake, kunyora mifananidzo yake mumabhuku edzimba akadaro.
5. The Nikitins. Nzvimbo yakakosha yeyo nzira ndeyekubatana kwekuchenjera uye kukura kwemuviri wemakungu. Iyi nzira yezvedzidzo inenge yakafanana naMontessori's pedagogy, asi sechimwe chikamu chezvinhu zvemitambo nemwana zvinosanganiswa, mitambo yekunze kunze uye kuomesa nguva dzose. Kucherechedza kunopiwa kune kudya kwemwana, iyo inofanira kunge yakagadzirwa nyore nyore kudya uye mavitamini.

Kuongororwa kwekukura kwevana vaduku

Kuti uwane nzira yakarurama yekushandisa nzira, zvinokosha kuti utange kuongorora zvigadziriro zvayo. Kukura kwekutanga kwevana kusvikira pagore kunotora unyanzvi hunotevera:

• funga nezvemaitiro akasiyana nemifananidzo;
• kunzwisisa zviratidzo ("nguva", "kwete") uye vatevedzere;
• itai kumanzwi nemanzwi, vatevedzere;
• kubata uye kubata zvinhu neminwe yako;
• zviratidzo, chiso chemaziso kana mazwi achiedza kuwana zvavanoda.

Mukugadzirira kukura, unyanzvi hunovandudzwa uye hunobudirira. Kutanga kwekutanga kwevana kubvira pagore rimwe kusvika kumakore matatu kunosanganisira zviito zvakadai:

• kufamba, kudzivisa zvipingamupinyi;
• kuratidza mifananidzo kana zvinhu, zvikamu zvemuviri;
• dzidza zvinhu, mhuka nekukwevera;
• rangarirai mavara mazhinji;
• kutamba;
• kuita zviito pakukumbira;
• kunzwisisa mutsauko pakati peguru nediki, wakanyarara uye wakanzwika;
• kuti uzive iwe uri muchionioni, mumifananidzo;
• tevedzera manzwi emhuka;
• Sarudza nguvo dzako;
• kunzwisisa zvinopfuura 100 mazwi;
• kutumidza zvinhu, vanhu, mhuka, zvikamu zvemuviri;
• sarudza;
• taura nyaya;
• kuunganidza kupatsanurwa mifananidzo;
• kuimba pamwe chete.

Nzira yekukudziridza mwana sei?

Nyanzvi dzepfungwa nevadzidzisi havatauri mirairo yakajeka pamusoro pokusarudza nzira dzedzidzo uye yakasimba. Mwana akaberekwa anofara uye anofara, zvinonakidza uye zvinonakidza kwaari kuti azive nyika yakapoteredza uye inobatanidza nezvayo. Iwe haufaniri kuedza kukura indigo kana nyanzvi, mwana wese ane nzira yake yekukura uye nzira dzekuwana zivo. Nyanzvi dzinorayira kungotevera kutevedza kwemakumbo kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kusarudza nzira dzakanakisisa uye dzinobatanidza.

Kukurukurwa kwevana vaduku

Chinhu chokutanga icho mwana achangoberekwa anotarisana nacho, kutarisa, kuongorora uye kugunun'una. Uku ndiko kukurudzirwa kwevana vaduku. Kubatsira mwana kudzidza ruzivo rwakakosha uye kusimbisa hukama hwakanaka pakati pezvinhu zvezvinhu nyore nyore:

• kuti tifunge nezviso zvomunhu;
• sungai micheka michina uye mapepa nemifananidzo yakajeka yakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pechipfuva;
• taura nemucheche, uchishandisa mazwi "makuru", "akakwirira", "maduku", "pasi" uye kuenzanisa kwakafanana;
• kuratidza mavara uye kuadana;
• inosanganisira mimhanzi, mitambo yekutamba uye kuimba, rustle, ring ring;
• inopa kugunha zvakasiyana-siyana - yakaoma, yakanyorova, yakanamatira, inotonhora, inotyisa uye inodziya.

Kuvandudza unyanzvi hwakanaka hwemoto muvana vaduku

Sezvaanokura, anodzidza kuva nemuviri wake, kunyanya maoko ake neminwe. Kubudirira kwehutano hwakanaka hwemoto muvana kunoitwa nenzira dzakanyanyisa:

• kuti kuve nokugadzira maoko;
• kupa bhandi rehairi, rizi kana buckwheat, zvinhu zvine ribbed pamusoro;
• vanoita "mimwe" mitambo ;
• kukurudzira kubatisisa, kuisa munwe wako mubato uye kudhonza;
• kupa chipuni apo uchidya.

Kukura kwekutaura kwevana vaduku

Chikamu chekutanga chetsananguro yakatsanangurwa ndechokutevedzera vanhu vakakomberedza uye mhere. Usabvunza zviputi kuti utaure chimwe chinhu, zviri nani kuti utaure naye iye chete pane imwe nguva yekare. Kukurukurirana kwevana vaduku ndeyotevera:

• ipapo, tora vowel sauti (a, y, e);
• dzoka zvinyorwa (ma-ma-ma, ba-ba-ba, hongu-hongu-hongu);
• ita zviso, kutarisa nemwana muchionioni;
• kupa mwana kurohwa murira, pombi;
• taura zvakawanda nechecheche, vamuudze nyaya nemitambo, kuimba pamwe chete.

Kuvandudza manzwiro evana vaduku

Mhando yemanzwiro evana kusvika kumakore matatu yakanyanya kuderera. Mucheche, mwana anotungamirirwa chete nemasikirwo, zvikurukuru kuponesa, saka kukura kwepfungwa kwemucheche achiri muduku kunobva zvakakwana kuvabereki. Kuumba kugadzikana kwepfungwa mupfungwa mumwana, kuisa maari maari mutsa, tsitsi uye humwe unhu hwakanaka, kudzidzisa rudo rwechokwadi, zvakakosha kugadzira mamiriro akakodzera mumhuri. Kutanga kufambira mberi kwevana munzvimbo yakatsanangurwa kunoda zviito zvinotevera:

• kurumbidza nekukurudzira;
• kuratidza ushamwari uye unyoro;
• kuratidza rudo kune nhengo dzemhuri;
• kudzivisa kukakavara;
• Kumbira kukanganwirwa uye kutsanangura kuti nei zvichikosha;
• kutarisira zvipfuwo (kana pane);
• taura nezve kukosha kwemamwe manzwiro evanhu;
• kutsanangura kukosha kwechirango semhosva yemabasa akaipa.

Kutanga kufambira mberi kwekugadzira vana kwevana

Vabereki vanowanzotarisa tarenda mumwana uye vanomupa unyanzvi hwokutenderera, vachiedza kuzadzisa maitiro avo asina kufanirwa. Kufambira mberi kwekugadzirwa kwemashoko kunotarisirwa kuzivisa humwe humwe hunhu hwezvaanoda zvaanoda. Mwana asingazivikanwi anofanirwa kukurudzirwa kugadzirwa, semwana, anenge munhu wose anoda kuongorora marudzi akasiyana-siyana eunyanzvi. Amai nababa vakakosha kusimudzira kutanga kwechecheche, vagozvipa nezvinhu zvakakodzera kana zvigadzirwa, kunyange kana pane zvakawanda zvokuzvivaraidza. Zvishoma nezvishoma, muduku wacho achasarudza basa rinofadza uye achavandudza.

Kuvandudza muviri kwevana vaduku

Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kukakavara uye yakakakavadzana mukurera vana. Izvo zvisati zvaratidza kuti huchenjeri uye kukura kwepanyama kwevana zvakabatana zvakanyanya, sevamwe vadzidzisi uye vanoongorora nezvepfungwa (Doman, Nikitin). Vamwe vabereki vatsigiri vezvizvi nzira, vachikurudzira mwana kugara pasi kubva pamwedzi 3-4 uye kufamba kwemwedzi mitanhatu, asi mwana wose anokosha, uye anofanirwa kufambira mberi maererano neavo pachake.

Kugona kwakanaka kwekuvandudza muviri kwevana kunopiwa naDkt. Komarovsky. Usasimudzira kana kurega mwana. Amai nababa vanongoda rubatsiro kana ruvara ruchiedza kudzidza unyanzvi hutsva, uye kudzivirirwa, kana zviito zvake zvichityisidzira utano hwomwana. Kutsigira zvirwere zvekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere uye kukodzera kwakanaka kwechimiro chiduku, kunobatsira kuoma, gymnastics uye kunyanya kushambira.

Kukudziridza mitambo yevana vaduku

Anenge hutano hwose uye ruzivo rwomwana runogamuchira panguva yekuvaraidza nekukurukurirana nevabereki nevamwe vemhuri. Mukukura kwake nzvimbo inokosha inobatwa nemitambo isina kuchena yevana vekukura kwekutanga:

• ladushki;
• makumi mana-jaya;
• ku-ku;
• mabhesi akatasva;
• sezvaanoti (mhou, kati, imbwa);
• fungidzira inzwi (kupi, kubva kune chii);
• tsvaka chido;
• Ratidza ruvara;
• mbudzi;
• mwanasikana-amai uye pamwechete-kutamba.

Dzidzo dzekudzidzisa dzevana vaduku

Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa zviri nyore kuzviita iwe pachako - kuzadza zvikwama zvehombodo nemafuta kana mabhora, uite bhangi rebhanhire kunze kwebhokisi uise mabhodhi mukati umo, gadzira mitten (somuenzaniso, kubva kune sock). Iwe unogona kutenga zvidzidzo zvemasayiri zvemudiki mudiki:

• sorter ;
• chido chinodyiwa;
• makerubhi ;
• bisyboard ;
• labyrinth;
• a puzzle;
• makombe;
• iyo piramidi;
• kutamba;
• basa rinotarisa;
• constructor;
• mipira;
• plastiki uye nezvimwe.