Mamiriro eEtiopia

Itiopia iri mu subequatorial uye equatorial belts, asi iyo mamiriro ekunze inotsanangurwa nepamusoro pepamusoro pegungwa rehupamhi - ichi ndicho chakakwirira kupfuura dzimwe nyika dzeAfrica. Mamiriro ekunze pano anononoka uye anonhuwa, uye tinogona kutaura kuti chimiro cheEthiopiya chakakosha kufanananidzwa nedzimwe nyika dziri munzvimbo ino.

Rwizi nemakungwa

Itiopia iri mu subequatorial uye equatorial belts, asi iyo mamiriro ekunze inotsanangurwa nepamusoro pepamusoro pegungwa rehupamhi - ichi ndicho chakakwirira kupfuura dzimwe nyika dzeAfrica. Mamiriro ekunze pano anononoka uye anonhuwa, uye tinogona kutaura kuti chimiro cheEthiopiya chakakosha kufanananidzwa nedzimwe nyika dziri munzvimbo ino.

Rwizi nemakungwa

Nzizi muEthiopiya dzakanyatsokwana uye dzakanyatsogadzirisa iyo yekudiridza yezvose zvekurima. Zvizhinji zvehova dzekumadokero kwezvitsuwa zveEthiopia ndezvenzvimbo yekusungirirwa kweNire. Nzvimbo huru pane nzizi dzepamakomo, Abbay, munzvimbo dzayo dziri pasi dzinonzi Blue Nile , uye pairi inzvimbo yakaisvonaka yeEthiopia waterfall - Tys-Isat , iyo yakakwirira kusvika mamita 45, uye yakareba - 400 m.

Imwe nzizi huru dzemuhara iyi ndeyi:

• Takaze;
• Baro;
• Gilo.

Nzizi dzekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwenzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeEtiopia dzine ruzivo rwekuIndia Ocean. Iyo yakakura ndeyeUabi-Shabelle, pamwe chete nenzizi dzinenge dzichibva kuJubba. Uyezve kunofanirwa kucherechedza iyi nzizi dzakadai seAawash neOmo .

Zvakawanda muEthiopia nemakungwa, zvose saline nemvura yakachena. Vazhinji vavo vari muGreat Rift Zone. Asi dziva guru muEthiopia, Tana, harina kubatana naro. Iyi dziva ine nzvimbo ye 3150 square meters. km pahupamhi hwemamiriyoni gumi nemashanu, inobva kune ino inobva kuBlue Nile.

Denga reDanakil

Iyi gwenga iri kumucheto kwakanyanya kwenyika. Inonzi nzvimbo yakaoma uye isina hanya pasi redu. Sulfuriti dzimba dzinotyisa uye dzakaipa zvinokonzera gasi (kupisa kweawasi panzvimbo yavo inosvika +60 ° C), makomo anoputika - izvi zvose zvinoita kuti gwenga rive nzvimbo yakanakisisa yekutema mafirimu pamusoro peGehena.

Kunyange zvakadaro, gwenga reDanakil rinocheka nhamba yakawanda yevatashanyi, kusanganisira kuvonga kunakidza nzvimbo, zvinoshamisa mumhando uye mararamiro.

Zvimwe zvinonakidza zvekudenga zvinogona kunzi:

1. Gomo reDallol ndiro nzvimbo yakaderera muEthiopia uye pasi pepasi pegomo. Gomo racho rine mamiriyoni makumi mana pasi pegungwa. Munguva yekuputika kwakaitika muna 1915, gungwa re violet-yellow rine green interspersed. Nenzira, bhuku raEnoki pamusoro penharaunda iyi rakanyorwa segomba risina chigadziko, uye zvinonzi apocalypse inotanga kubva pano (mumutemo, mukutsanangura kuguma kwenyika zviri nyore kuwana tsanangudzo yekuputika kwemakomo).
2. Lake Assala. Nzvimbo yake inotarisawo nzira inofadza zvikuru: ndiyo yakanyanya saline lake munyika (kunyange iyo Uyuni solonchak muBolivia yakaderera kune iyo nehuwandu hwehuta). Makirasi emunyu anoumba pano mifananidzo inoshamisa kupfuura dzose dzakasiyana-siyana.
3. Dziva Erta Ale (akashandisawo shanduro ye "Ertale"). Nzvimbo iyi inotaridzika seA Underworld: iri gungwa rekubikira uye risati rave rakasviba rava. Inowanikwa muchitsime chebhururu rinoputika rezita rimwe chete .

Miti yeEtiopia

Zvakare, nemhaka yenharaunda yenyika yacho, inenge nzvimbo dzose dzinomera zvinogona kuwanikwa munharaunda yaro: gwenga, savannah, masango ane mvura yakanyorova, masango egomo, masango emakomo masikati, etc.

1. South-kumabvazuva chikamu. Munenge pose munharaunda iyi inobatanidzwa nefoni - yakadzika yepamusoro-bhanhire mabhanhire eEthiopia Highlands (kusvika pa 1700 m pamusoro pegungwa). Iine xerophytic matanda eEtiopiya, uye pamwe nenzizi - savannas ane shrubs (acacia, myrr, balanitis, nezvimwewo) uye nemiti imwe yembelliferous.
2. South nechepakati pezvikomo. Aya ndiwo mapepa e-subspecies akasiyana-siyana uye akasangana nemasango emasango. Miriwo inowanikwa pano - yose yakafanana mhete, uyewo guru ficus, miti yezvinonhuwira, magumo. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, nzvimbo dzemahlathi emasango dzakachengetedzwa, umo miti inosvika pakakwirira mamita 10 m.
3. Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwe Highlands. Iyo yakafukidzwa nemasango emvura anopisa. Pano pane muti wematare, ficus, tambo, sasgum, uye kofi inokura sechepasi.
4. Gomo Savannah. Pakukwira kubva pa1700-2400 m kune bhanhire rehondo-degas. Chimiro chinonyanya kukosha ndeyemuorivhi wemusango, rose reabyssini. Pamahombekombe emakungwa kune mahombekombe makuru, uye pane muti-wakafanana neheather.
5. Evergreen masango. Ita panzvimbo imwe chete. Chimiro chinonyanya kukosha muti wemiori, juniper yakareba, ipeni yemisidhari. Sezvakaderera, kune narcotic shrub kat, iyo iri munyika dzeArabhu inoshandiswa pakutsva, uye ephedra yakakwirira.
6. Mabheti eDegas naChok. Yokutanga iri panzvimbo yakakwirira ye 2500 kusvika ku 3800 m, inoratidzwa nemasango emasango uye nzvimbo dzepamusoro-yakakwirira mabhiza (Abyssinian rose, miti-semheather, nezvimwewo). Kunyange yakakwirira ibhanhire rakakanyira, uko chirimwa chikuru chirobelia nemiti yakasimudzirwa.
7. Inofanira kuonekwawo kuti muEthiopia makomo mune miti yakawanda yeEQUALIPTAL - iyi michero yakasimwa, kubva pakuguma kwezana remakore rechina, kudzorera kuderedza maturakiti emasango.

Fauna

Zvinonzwisisika kuti nehupfumi hwakadaro hwakadaro, mhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka dzeEthiopia dzakawanda zvikuru. Pano iwe unogona kuwana inenge mhando dzose dzemhuka dzinogara muAfrica. Mhuka dzakawanda dzinogarwa dzinogara muEtiopia:

• Ethiopian jackal (Syamenskaya fox);
• antelope-nyala;
• Itiopia mbudzi;
• Abyssinian colobus.

Mhuka dzinowanzowanzova makava, makava uye hyenas. Iwe unogona kuwana pano rhinoceroses, mavubu, mbiru, giraffes, antelope, uye zvikara - ingwe, cheetahs, servalov, etc. Etiopia haisi yechinhu chinonzi paradhiso yeannithologists - kune marudzi anopfuura 920 e shiri:

• turako;
• rhino shiri;
• weavers;
• nyuchi;
• bhino-winged geese;
• Ogari;
• variegated nezvimwe.

Kuchengetedza nzvimbo

Hazvikwanisi kutaurwa kuti kuchengetedza kwezvisikwa muEthiopia zvakanyanya kunaka, asi munyika muno kune mapoka emarudzi ose , anoshandiswa nemiti yakasiyana-siyana inogarwa uye mhuka dzisina kufanana.

Inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye inozivikanwa pakati pevashanyi mapaki:

• Avash , munharaunda yavo inonzi Fentale mhepo uye matsime anopisa aripo;
• paki yeGomo Bale , uko jopiya yeEthiopia, gomo Nyala uye imbwa ye hyena inorindwa;
• Simen - ikoko inorarama Abyssinian mbudzi yembudzi, monkey gelada, jackal yeEtiopiya;
• Nechisar , munharaunda iyo mune Chamo uye Abai Lakes; Paki iri kumusha kune mabhasi, madhonhwe madema, shrub nguruve.

Pakati pemamwe mapaki emunharaunda enyika inodiwa kutumidza zita rakadaro:

• Abidjata-Shala;
• Gambela ;
• Omo;
• Mago;
• Yangudi.