Sezvo muzambiringa uyu wokutanga wakagadzikwa, anopfuura mireniyumu imwe yapfuura. Munguva ino, marudzi mazhinji nemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzekudzivirira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvemazambiringa zvakaonekwa, asi hazvina kukundwa zvachose zvakadaro. Pamusoro pezvirwere zvikuru zvemazambiringa nemaitiro ekubata nawo iwe unogona kudzidza kubva munyaya yedu.
Matenda emuchero - anthracnose
Iyo fungus yakawanda muAmerica, Europe neAsia, inokonzerwa neGloeosporium ampelophagum Sacc. Iyi fungus inofanirwa kunzwa mumatunhu ane mamiriro okunze anodziya uye anonyorova, apo mune imwe nguva yegore inokwanisa kupa zvizvarwa zvinenge makumi matatu zve spores. Kubudirira kwayo kunochengeterwa kwemakore mashanu, kuputika mumuzambiringa uye mashizha akawa. Ikoko kune anthracnose mune mavara epepuru, yakakomberedzwa nemuchena mutsva pamashizha, kushiva uye inflorescences. Mavara pamahwindo acho anobva apera muhutachi, zvichiita kuomeswa kwemuzambiringa. Izvo zvinokonzera inflorescence zvakare zvinopera pasina kuita majikiri. Kupisa kwechipiri pamwe chete nedenga kunoparadza anthracnose kukuvadza kune mazambiringa mashoma anogona kutungamirira mukurasikirwa kwakakwana kwekukohwa.
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Zvirwere zvemuzambiringa - chimedu
Nhema dzenhema kana kuti chironda ndiyo denda reminda yose yemizambiringa, zvisingaiti, munzvimbo dzose dzekubereka kwayo. Kuwanda kwekukuvadza kunokonzerwa nechirwere kunonyanya kutarisana nemamiriro ekunze emunharaunda - iyo yakakwirira yechando nekunyorova, iyo inopararira chirwere chichava. Icho chinomuka semugumisiro webasa rinokosha refungus Plasmopara viticola Berl. et Toni. Pamwe pamwe nepoyi powdery mildew, mildew ndiye mutungamiri mukutsungirira, zvinokuvadza zvose zvirimwa zvemazambiringa. Chiratidzo chokutanga chekukundwa kwemazambiringa ndiko kuonekwa pamashizha ehutini hwemafuta emhando dzakasiyana-siyana, nekupfuura nguva inopinda mahara necrotic. Mashizha anobatwa mazambiringa anova akajeka, akaoma uye anofa pamwe nedzimwe chirwere chacho. Ipapo hutu hunopararira pa inflorescences nemasumbu, izvo zvinotungamirira pakuora kwavo uye kufa.
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Zvirwere zvemuzambiringa - oidium
Pamwe nehutu, ikozvino powdery mildew kana oidium, inokuvadza zvikuru kuminda yemizambiringa pasi rose. Iyo causative agent we oidium ndeye Uncinula necator Burril, akabatwa muEurope kubva North North continent. Iwe unogona kuwana chirwere ichi kuburikidza nepopo pamuzambiringa wevarimi vemapuranga mukukura kwemafuro, sekunge kana upfu pamagumo ne guru guru. Pakutanga kwezhizha, iko kutsva-ghena kupfeka kunowanikwa kumativi ose emashizha, uye ipapo chironda chinopfuurira kune inflorescences uye mabhonche, anotungamirira kurufu rwavo. Izvo zvinokonzera kukura kwechirwere ndiko kuwedzera kwemuzambiringa.
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Kurwisa zvirwere zvemazambiringa
Kuchengetedza munda wemizambiringa kubva kuzvirwere zvinoshandisa zviyero zvinotevera:
- Kukura kwekusagadzikana nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana uye nzara.
- Nguva yakachena yakagadziriswa, pamwe nekuparadzwa kunotevera kwezvose zvakasanganiswa nefungus.
- Nguva dzose kurapwa kwemazambiringa kubva kune zvirwere kuburikidza nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana antifungal agents.
Kurapa mazambiringa kubva kune zvirwere
Kunyanya kushandiswa kwemunda wemizambiringa kubva kune zvirwere kunowanikwa panguva iyo majaya maduku anotambanudzwa anenge anenge masendimita 25 kusvika 25. Zvadaro kupirisa kunodzokororwa vasati vatunga uye nenguva apo majiki akazosvika pakureba kwepea. Izvi zvinotevera zvinogadziriswa zvinoshandiswa pakutsvaira:
- Strobi;
- "Horus" ;
- Anthracol;
- "Acrobat";
- "Ridomil";
- Kuproksat;
- "Thanos";
- Bordeaux kusanganiswa.
Mushonga unofanirwa kuitwa mumhepo inotonhora uye yakaoma, pasina kunyanya kuchengetedza zvigadziro zvemunhu oga. Izvo zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti dzakawanda zvepamusoro-fungicides zvakanyatsoenderana nemishonga yakawanda, iyo inokubvumira iwe panguva imwechete kupa munda wemizambiringa neviri kudzivirirwa - zvose kubva mufungi nemapukisi.