Mycobacterium tuberculosis mukurapa inozivikanwawo sechidimbu cheKoch. Aya ndiwo majekiseni emakemikari. Iyo bhakitiriya yakakura muhukuru uye ine chimiro chakasvibirira, ine chando chekunze chekunze. Mukushandura kubva muchiGiriki, "myco" zvinoreva "mushroom", iyo inoratidza kufanana kwakaita tsvimbo ya Koch ku mycelium. Izvi zvinyoronyoro zvakanyanyisa.
Mhando dzeMycobacterium tuberculosis
Zvose zvipukanana zveboka iri zvinogona kusiyaniswa kuva nengozi kuvanhu uye mumamiriro ezvinhu pathogenic. Mukuwedzera, bhakitiriya, iyo inonzi causative agent ye tuberculosis, inogona kuenzanisirwa maererano nezvimwe zviyero. Kusiyanisa kunoitwa maererano nezvinoitwa zvinotevera:
- kukura kwekura;
- optimal temperature yekufambisa;
- kukwanisa kwebhakillus kuti iite pigment.
Yese mycobacteria tuberculosis yakabatana mune rimwe boka guru, rainzi M. tuberculosis. Vamiririri varo nde:
- M. africanum;
- M. microti;
- M. canettii;
- M. bovis BCG;
- M. sargaye;
- M. pinnipedii nezvakadaro.
Mabhakitiriya akasara anoonekwa seboka risingabviri. Izvi zvinosanganisira microorganisms dzakadaro:
- M. intracellulare;
- M. terrae;
- M. scrofulaceum;
- M. chelonae;
- M. fortuitum;
- M. leprae nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Mycobacteria inokurudzira kukura kwechifuva. Zvinotyisa. Mazana anotevera e-mycobacteria ane chirwere chetachiona anotarisa:
- Photochromogenic - vamiririri vemarudzi aya ari murima havana ruvara, asi pavanosvika pakuedza vanowana ruvara rwemaruva akajeka. Kunakidza kupisa kwekugadzirwa kwebillillus is 32 ° С.
- Skotochromogenic - idzi microorganisms dzinoumbwa murima, nokuti zita ravo pachavo rokuti scotos kubva mumutauro wechiGiriki rinoshandura kune "rima". Kukura kwekukura kunopararira kubva pamakumi matatu kusvika makumi matanhatu. Kana bhakitiriya yakadaro inopinda mumuviri wemwana kana kuti akapera simba, lymphatic system inobatwa.
- Neofrochromogenic - vamiririri veboka iri vanenge vasina kuchena, asi pavanosvika pachiedza vanowana ruvara rwemavara. Nguva yekugadzirwa kwevhiki 2-4.
- Kutsanya - kukura - vamiririri veboka iri vanogona kunge vasina ruvara uye vane mavara. Kubudirira kwavo kuri kuitika nokukurumidza. Kubvira panguva yekuumbwa kusvika kune chikamu chekupedzisira michina inoshandiswa inopfuurira kubva pamakore manomwe kusvika ku10.
Kuongororwa kweMycobacterium tuberculosis
Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuongorora dzinogona kushandiswa kuona chirwere ichi. Akagadzirisa maitiro ehurongware uye anoshandisa maabara ekuongorora. Yokutanga inosanganisira nzira dzakadaro dzekuongororwa:
- Fluorography - inokubvumira kuwana migumisiro mumaminitsi;
- X-rays - mifananidzo inoitwa nenzira yakarurama uye yakatarisana;
- Computed tomography ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa (inopa mhinduro yakarurama kwazvo).
Mapurojekiti ekuongorora maitiro anobatanidza:
- sputum analysis on mycobacterium tuberculosis;
- chain polymerase reaction method;
- kazhinji kuongorora ropa neropa;
- smear microscopy;
- iyo enzyme-yakabatana immunosorbent assay inobvumira kuonekwa kwezvirwere kune mycobacteria yechirwere chetachiona;
- zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa.
Kuongororwa kweropa ye mycobacterium tuberculosis
Uyu muedzo unosanganisira kuzivikanwa kwezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira uye zvemagetsi. Munguva yekutanga, maantigen anobatanidzwa - mamolekoro anotakura mashoko pamusoro peimwe sero. Kana maitiro ezvirwere zvemuviri asingazivi chakavanzika che "code", inoratidza "alarm". The antibody inosunga kune "kunze" antigen uye inoparadza kubatana kwayo nesero. Inzymatic reaction inosvika apo imwe chinhu inoshandurwa kuva imwe.
Kutenda kune zvakakanganisika zvinokonzerwa nemasikirwo emakemikari anoitika mumasero emuviri, maitiro anonzi mycobacteria ane chirwere chetachiona anotaridzirwa. Iko kuongorora kunoitwa pane isina chinhu mudumbu. Mukuwedzera, mazuva mashomanana asati agadziriswa, murwere anofanira kurega kudya zvakabikwa uye kudya kwemafuta. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona zvinounganidzwa nemagetsi.
Mumunhu ane hutano, zvirwere zvinoratidzika kumapoka G uye M hazvingavipo muropa. Kuonekwa kwezvinhu izvi kunoratidza kuvapo kwehutachiwana mumapapu. Zvisinei, kuonekwa kusina kukwanisa kwezvirwere izvi hazviwaniki mukana wekupa chiitiko chinoshamisa chekuongororwa. Kuti usimbise murwere, smear microscopy uye fluorography kana X-ray zvinogona kurongerwa.
Sputum kuongorora mycobacterium tuberculosis
Kuti uite izvi, shandisi yakashata inoshandiswa. Nenguva pfupi vasati vamukira zvinyorwa zvakaitwa pa mycobacterium tuberculosis, murwere anofanirwa kudimbura mazino ake. Kana izvi zvisati zvaitwa, zvigumisiro zvichange zvisiri kukanganisa nema microorganisms anokuvadza mumuromo wemuromo. Sputum pa mycobacterium tuberculosis zviri nani mangwanani - mushure mekurara kweusiku. Anopfigira mudziyo usina kuchena, iyo inofanira kuvharirwa pakarepo.
Chengetedza chakavanzika munzvimbo ine rima uye inotonhorera. Nguva yakanakisisa kubva panguva yezvinyorwa zvekusvitsa kusvika kune chidzidzo 2 hours. Inoitwa nenzira dzinotevera:
- bacterioscopic;
- bacteriological.
Nzira yekutanga inosanganisira kushandisa microscope. Munzira yechipiri, chidzidzo chinoitwa sezvinotevera:
- Sputum inonatswa ne "reagent" chaiye.
- Iyo tube inotumirwa kune unit, iyo inogadzira mamiriro akakosha ekukura kwebhakitiriya.
- Ikozvino yakagadzirwa carbon dioxide inosanganiswa nedhayi.
- Nhamba ye fluorescence inotongwa nemhando yei microorganisms mumuedzo wokuedzwa.
Properties zveMycobacterium tuberculosis
Zviratidzo zvezvipembenene izvi zvinokuvadza zvakagadziriswa nemakemikari avo. Tsvimbo yaKoch is 80% mvura uye 3% madota. Iyo yakasara yakaoma inosvika kusvika 40% yeprotein uye yakafanana yemapolacacrirides. Atypical mycobacterium tuberculosis (pamwe chete nedzimwewo mafungiro eboka iri) inonyanyisa. Iyo inobatanidzwa mune zvose vapenyu uye tsvimbo yakaurawa yeKoch.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - kugadzikana mukati memamiriro ekunze
Irofu raKoch rinosiyaniswa ne "kupona" kwaro kune mamwe mabhiriyoni. Mycobacterium tuberculosis inopesana nemamiriro ezvinhu anotevera:
- asidi;
- doro;
- alkaline.
Mumvura, tsvimbo yaKoch inoramba iine zvinokuvadza kwemazuva 150. Muchigadzirwa zvemichero, idzi bacilli dzinorarama kusvika kumwedzi gumi. Kuziva pachinotonho chei mycobacterium ye TB inouraya, unogona kudzivirira kubereka kwayo. Zuva rezuva harina kukonzera Koch's wand mumaawa 4-5. Mukuwedzera, microorganisms dzinoparara kwehafu yeawa pachitonho che 85 ° C kana kupfuura.
Kurwiswa kwezvinodhaka zve mycobacterium tuberculosis
Kuziva zvinodhaka izvo zvinopesana mukurapa, an antibiogram inoshandiswa. Pane zvikonzero zvakadaro zvekumirisana kwetsvimbo yaKoch kumishonga yekushandisa zvinodhaka:
- Biological - hazvikwanisi kuyerwa kwechirwere.
- Kupfurikidza nemhosva yemurwere - mishonga inotorwa zvisina kufanira, muyero unoshandiswa uri woga, uye nezvimwe zvakadaro.
- Migumisiro yechirwere - chirwere chetachiona chinokonzera chirwere chechirwere chinochinja pH. Izvi zvinovhiringidza nekuita kwechirwere.
Mazuva ano zvinodhaka zvinokonzera majekiseni, zvichiita mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pakusarudza nzira yekudzivirira kuchengetedza utsanana, zvinokosha kufunga nezvekusimudzika kwematanda eKoch. Iyo inokonzera causative mubhapiti inouraya inopera pasi pesimba remishonga yakadaro yakadai:
- 5% chloramine;
- 0.5% bleach;
- soda ash.
Nzira dzehutachiona hwe mycobacteria tuberculosis
Dambudziko kune vamwe varwere vanotambura nemuviri wakazaruka wehutano . Nzira inowanzoitika yehutachiona ne mycobacterium tuberculosis ndeyotevera:
- pini;
- kudonha mhepo;
- intrauterine;
- alimentary.