Zvirwere zvemishonga zvekuongororwa zvinogara zvichivandudzwa. Zvizhinji zvemazuva ano zvigadzirwa, kusanganisira tomographs, zvese mapurogiramu ehurongwa uye hardware systems. Zvose zvikamu uye magetsi zvinowanikwa kwavari zvinogadzirwa nepamusoro-soro, uye pakugadzira deta, mapurogiramu epakombiyuta akawanda anoshanda.
Chii CT?
Chikonzero chechigadziro chiri pasi pekufungisisa ndeche tube inobvisa X-rays. Inokurumidza kuchinja mukati mhete huru (gentry), iyo iri pakati payo pane mubhedha unotenderera (apo murwere anorara). Kufambisa kwetafura iyi uye tube kunogamuchirwa. Tsanangudzo yakajeka yekuti CT scan ndeyei mifananidzo ye X-ray yechidimbu chinodiwa chemuviri kubva kumativi akasiyana. Somugumisiro, mifananidzo yakawanda yechirungu kana yehupenyu yakagadziriswa inowanikwa muzvikamu nehupamhi hwe 1 mm, iyo inogadziriswa nema sensor ultrasensitive.
Pashure pemifananidzo yacho inotorwa, kombiyuta tomography "inounganidzwa" uchishanda software chaiyo. Zvose zvitsva zvinowanikwa zvakanyorwa nema detectors mu gantry zvinoshandiswa nehurongwa hwekushanda. Pakati peizvi, purogiramu "inowedzera" tsanangudzo yakaenzana nhatu-svondo yenzvimbo yakatsvakurudzwa, inoratidzwa pamakombiyuta ekucherechedza. Mumifananidzo yakadaro, zviduku zvakasikwa zvinooneka, uye kunyange kuchinja kwakasimba mumabasa avo.
Ndeapi maT CT aripo?
Mishonga yezvokurapa iri kufambira mberi nguva dzose, uye saka zvirongwa zvekuongorora zvinenge zviri kuvandudzwa. Mhando dzinotevera dzeTCT dziripo:
- spiral;
- multilayered;
- kusiyana;
- angiography;
- perfusion.
Spiral computed tomography
Iko mafomu emashandisirwo akashandiswa pakuongororwa kwemakore makumi matatu. Mhepo yemakombiyuta tomograph ine 3 nhengo huru:
- kutenderera X-ray tube;
- rimwe rutsva rwemasvosve anokonzeresa pamwe nechepamusoro pechindori;
- mubhedha unofamba uchienda kune gantry.
Multilayer computed tomography
Iko rudzi rwechigadzirwa runopa ruzivo rwakanyanya uye ruzivo rwakanyanya. Multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) yakasiyana nehuwandu hwekuongororwa nehuwandu huwandu hwezvitsva uye mathu. Mune mitsara yakatsanangurwa, ma sensor akaiswa mumiganhu 2-4. Pamusoro pechipfuva chegantry, hapana imwe chete asi miviri ye-X-ray inogona kutenderera, iyo inowedzera kukurumidza kutsvakurudza uye inoita kuti miviri isapfe.
Zvimwe zvinobatsira zve MSCT:
- iyo itsva software;
- high resolution images;
- optimal contrast pictures;
- kukwanisa kunyoresa matanho anoshanda munguva chaiyo;
- zvakawanda zvakadzama zvekuchekwa;
- nzvimbo huru yeatomical coverage;
- kuvakwa kwe 3D mienzaniso yezvirongwa zvose uye nhengo.
Computed tomography ine kusiyana
Kuwedzera kusiyanisa kwezvikamu zviri kurutivi rumwe nekuita zvidimbu zviduku zvemuviri, semidziyo yeropa, maitiro akasiyana eongororo dzeCCT anoshandiswa. Vanoratidza kuiswa kwezvinodhaka zvinowedzera kusiyana kwemasukisi pavanenge vachiwana X-rays. Zvakadaro computed tomography inoitwa nenzira mbiri:
- Orally. Murwere anonwa chinogadziriswa neanopikisa. Izwi rehutachiona, kuenzanirana uye kuwedzerwa kwehutungamiri hwahwo kunoverengwa nechiremba.
- Intravenously. Shanduko yakasiyana inogadziriswa nejojo kana nenzira yekudonha.
CT angiography
Rudzi urwu rutsvakurudzo rwakagadzirirwa zvakananga kuti chidzidzo chekuenderera kwenyika. CT angiography yemidziyo yemutsipa nemusoro inobatsira kuona chero kushungurudzika kwepakati munzvimbo idzi, kusanganisira ischemic kana kuti kupisa simba, kuongorora kusagadzikana kwemigumisiro yavo, kuona hutsika dzemhando ipi zvayo. Kuti kuwedzere ruzivo rwakakosha rwehutano, mishonga yakasiyana nehuwandu hweeodini inotanga kuvharwa mukati mouturu.
Chimwe chezvinobudirira uye zvinoshamisa zvekurapa kwezvipembenene ndezvikwata zvakawanda zvekombiyuta tomography yemusoro, mutsipa, mitezo uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri. Kuvonga software inofambira mberi iyi kushandiswa kunobvumira kugadzira matatu-dimensional model yemutambo wose wemunhu wekodha yemapikicha ayo akazara mune dzimwe nzira.
CT perfusion
Iyo yakaiswa shanduro yekudzidza inonzi ndiyo nzira yakakwana uye yakajeka yekuongorora hutachiona hwehuwandu hwemhepo. Perfusion kombiyuta tomography inopesana nehutano hwepamusoro nehuwandu hwehupamhi hwekucheka, iyo inopa huwandu hwakazara hweMidhori-nhengo dzezvikamu semugumisiro. Kutonga kwakadaro kunoitwa nekugadzirisa kwekutengesa kwechimiro chakasiyana pasi pekutonga kwekudonha kwekutsvaga.
Muchirapa, kungofanana neCCT kufungidzira kweuropi nechiropa zvinoshandiswa. Inobatsira kwete kungoita mufananidzo wakajeka katatu wemasikirwo aya, asiwo kuongorora kushanda uye kukwanisa kweropa remukati kuburikidza nematumbu, midziyo huru uye duku. Pazvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano izvi zvinogona kuonekwa munguva chaiyo.
CT - zviratidzo uye zvinopesana
Iyi teknolojia inowanzoshandiswa mukurapa kwezvinangwa zvakasiyana. Computed tomography inogona kupiwa se:
- kuongorora;
- kukurumidza kuongororwa;
- rakarongwa kuongorora;
- kuongorora kwehutano hwekurapa;
- kudzora kushandiswa kwekurapa uye kuongorora zvirwere.
CT - zviratidzo zve:
- fainting ;
- headaches;
- akaoma kwenguva refu;
- fever;
- kushungurudza chirwere;
- kuchinja muhutano hwepfungwa;
- head trauma;
- kuora ropa;
- focal neurological deficit;
- kuparara;
- kugadzirisa matambudziko ;
- high blood pressure;
- hypoventilation yemapapu;
- meningism;
- kurwadziwa mune chero chikamu chemuviri usingazivikanwe;
- shanduko yakagadzikana mune kusagadzikana uye kunaka kwechigaro;
- dambudziko rekudya;
- kufamba kwepfungwa dzomukona uye manhengo;
- myalgia ;
- pathology yemhepo yekufema;
- mukati kubuda ropa ;
- Zvirwere zvemeno uye muromo wemuromo;
- kunyunyuta kwekuvapo kweeoplasms chero ipi zvayo;
- severe paresis uye mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
Kupindirana kwekushandisa kushandiswa pasina kushandiswa kweenzanisi:
- pamuviri;
- Kurema kwemuviri kudarika zvakanyanya kubvumidzwa kwechiripo chiripo.
CT neIodine-ine zvinodhaka zvine zvinopesana zvakafanana, uye hazvigone kuitwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro:
- myeloma;
- kunyorerana kune muenzanisi;
- chirwere cheshuga mellitus mudanga rakaoma;
- kidney failure ;
- kusagutsikana mamiriro ezvinhu evanhu;
- pathology the thyroid gland
Chii chinonzi computed tomography show?
Nekubatsirwa kweiyo yakatsanangurwa nzira yekuongorora, zvinoita kuti uongorore zvose zvivako zvehupenyu. Ipi CT inoratidza inofanirwa nechinangwa chechinangwa chayo, nzvimbo iri pasi pekutsvakurudza uye rudzi rwekuita. Kodhira yemhepo tomography inoshandiswa kuongororwa nhengo dzomukati, zvinyoro zvinyoro, mapfupa nemajoini. Angiography uye kufungidzirwa kunoshandiswa kune zvirwere zvemidziyo mikuru uye miduku yeropa.
Computed tomography yedumbu remuviri
Munharaunda iyi, kuongorora kunobatsira kuziva zvirwere zvezvikamu chero zvipi zveshoko rekudya. Computed tomography yeitsvo, spleen, matumbo, chiropa, pancreas inorayirwa kana kukanganisa kwezvinetso zvinotevera:
- an abscess;
- cysts;
- zvirwere zvinotapukira;
- aneurysms;
- matumbo;
- kuwedzera kana kupisa lymph nodes;
- kuvapo kwezvinhu zvekunze;
- diverticula;
- mukati kubuda ropa;
- appendicitis;
- congenital anomalies.
Computer tomography yemukumbo inosanganisira kushandiswa kwechimiro chepakati. Pamberi pekugadzirisa, murwere achafanira kunwa iodine chaiyo-ine solution. Kuvonga kushandiswa kwemuitiro wekusiyanisa, iyo mitatu-dimensional model yemukumbo icharatidza pachena kwete masvingo echirongwa, asiwo rutivi rwemitsipa yeropa, hutano hwemapfupa uye nyika yemukati.
Computed tomography yebhokisi
Iyi nzvimbo yekutsvakurudza inopa ruzivo rwekutsvaga kwemapfupa ekufema, moyo, sophagus, aorta, mammary glands uye tissue tisses. Computer tomography yemapapu uye bronchi inokurudzirwa kuonekwa kwezvirwere zvakadaro:
- bhakitiriya kana utachiona hwehutachiona;
- tumarara yezvakakonzera;
- aneurysm;
- embolism;
- tuberculosis;
- pneumonia ;
- developmental anomalies;
- post-traumatic changes;
- metastases;
- atelectasis;
- pleurisy;
- sarcoidosis;
- parasitic cysts;
- an abscess.
Zvimwe zvirwere zvinobatsira kutsvaga thorax tomography:
- chirwere chemoyo nemidziyo yeropa huru;
- neoplasm mu mammary glands;
- mediastinitis;
- hiatal hernia;
- kuora mutezo kwechidimbu;
- gastroesophageal reflux;
- anomalies mukuvandudzwa kwemukatikati;
- lymphogranulomatosis nevamwe.
Computed tomography yeuropi
Kuongororwa kwemukati wehutano hwepakati yenheyo hunoshandiswa kunopesana nechekuita kwechinangwa chipi zvacho mukushanda kwayo. Pamberi penzira yacho, chiremba anofanira kutsanangura kuti CT scan yeuropi ndeye - mifananidzo ye X-ray kubva kumativi akasiyana-siyana, zvichikubvumira kuwana zvifananidzo zvakakwirira (zvimedu) zvekugadzira mufananidzo weD 3D.
Kushandiswa kunobatsira kutsvaga zvirwere nekukuvadzwa kwemuviri, kuongorora kuwanda kwekupararira mumhepo, kuongorora nzira yekurapa. Computer tomography yehuropi inoratidza kukanganisa kunotevera:
- kurohwa;
- zvironda zvinopisa uye zvinotyisa;
- hematomas;
- kukuvadzwa;
- an abscess;
- chirwere chakakomba chekupararira kweropa;
- encephalitis;
- meningitis;
- miviri yevatorwa muzvinyama zvishoma;
- cysts;
- kuberekwa kana kufanirwa kukura anomalies;
- edema;
- fractures mujinga rehenya;
- kuwedzera mumupfu hweuropi;
- hydrocephalus;
- venous thrombi;
- zvinetso zvekurwisa kwechemereki kana kurohwa;
- kushungurudzwa kwei hemispheres nevamwe.
Computer tomography yemeno
Ichi chidzidzo chinodikanwa nokuda kwezvirwere zvakakomba zvemazino kana kuti kudiwa kwekupindira kwepachirwere pasi pe X-ray control. Computer tomography yetsanga inobatsira kuona:
- neoplasms;
- cysts;
- kuvhuvhuta kwezvakatipoteredza midzi;
- kuchinja mune zvakagadziriswa panguva nenguva uye panguvaontium;
- kuvapo kwemazino euchenjeri anowanikwa;
- birth defects;
- Kukuvara kwejaya;
- kuchinja mu mucous membrane;
- pathology of pulp;
- zvirwere zvemidzi midzi;
- kushungurudzika kwemhirizhonga mumutambo wemidziyo miduku;
- anomalies yezvivi zvakatarisana uye zvakashata.
Computed tomography yemutsana
Kubudiswa kushandiswa kunopiwa kujekesa kufungidzirwa nekurwadziwa kwakanyanya kumashure uye kugadzirisa kufamba kwayo. Chii chinoratidzira CT yepamusoro:
- fractures;
- osteoporosis;
- deformation;
- osteochondrosis;
- hernia;
- shanduko mu lumen yemugero wemugwagwa;
- kuparadzwa kwemashoko;
- abscesses;
- kudzvinyirira kwemasinga emutsipa wesimbi;
- arthritis ye intervertebral joints;
- matumbo;
- metastases kubva kunzvimbo dzakapoteredza;
- kupisa ropa;
- spondylosis;
- kuputika mune vertebrae;
- scoliosis;
- rheumatic diseases;
- stenosis;
- kutuka;
- kusagadzikana kwemagetsi;
- myelopathy;
- kufema kwemidziyo yeropa.
Makombiyuta tamoriyumu ezvitema zvemhino
Nzira iri pasi pekufungisisa inopa kuongorora kwakakwana kwezvose zvikamu zvepamusoro chekufuridza nzira:
- maxillary sinuses;
- zvitadzo zvakatarisana;
- latticed labyrinth;
- wedge-shaped cavities.
Computer tomography yemhino inoratidza:
- etmoiditis;
- sinusitis;
- sinusitis;
- frontitis;
- sphenoiditis;
- matumbo emakumbo emakumbo emhando chero ipi zvayo;
- kuvhiringidza zvirongwa;
- polyps;
- adenoids;
- kuora mwoyo, kuputsika uye mamwe mavanga emapfupa;
- zvinhu zvekunze;
- congenital anomalies yegadziriro.