Gore negore pasi pano kune vana vanosvika mamiriyoni 8 vane maitiro asina kunaka. Zvechokwadi, iwe haugone kufunga pamusoro peizvi uye tariro kuti hauzombogunzwi. Asi, nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho, kuongorora kwemazwi kunowanikwa pakuzivikanwa pakuberekwa nhasi.
Iwe unogona kuvimba nezvinoitika, asi hazvisi zvose zvinokwanisika kufanotaura, uye zviri nani kuedza kudzivirira dambudziko guru mumhuri. Zvirwere zvizhinji zvinotapudzwa zvingadziviswa kana iwe uchitora mushonga pakurongwa kwekuita pamuviri. Uye zvose zvaunoda ndezvekutarisana kwekutanga ne geneticist. Mushure mezvose, iDNA yako (yako uye murume wako) iyo inosarudza utano hwako uye unhu hwemwana wako ...
Sezvatotaurwa, zvakakosha kuti tibvunzurudze uyu nyanzvi pakurongwa kwekuita pamuviri. Chiremba achakwanisa kufanotaura hutano hwemangwana revana, aone dambudziko rekuonekwa kwezvirwere zvakaberekwa, anoudza kuti chii chiongororwo uye maitiro ekuberekwa anofanira kuitwa kuti arege kutora mararamiro evanhu.
Genetic analysis, iyo inoitwa zvose panguva yekugadzirira uye panguva yekuzvitakura, inoratidza zvikonzero zvekusununguka kwepamuviri, inogadzirisa njodzi yekuberekwa kusagadzikana uye zvirwere zvinowanikwa muhutusi, pasi pesimba retetragonal zvisati zvaitika uye pamuviri.
Iva nechokwadi chekutarisa geneticist kana:
- amai vanotarisira kupfuura makore makumi matatu;
- mumhuri mune zvirwere zvekuzvarwa;
- akaberekwa ari mwana ane hutano husina kunaka;
- inokanganisa nezvinhu zvinokuvadza panguva yekutora kana pamuviri (X-ray, kutora mamwe mishonga, miviri);
- panguva yekuzvitakura amai vakamirira vainge vava nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona (toxoplasmosis, rubella, zvirwere zvakanyanya zvokuputika, fenza);
- kana mukadzi wacho ainge akangoberekwa kana kuti achiri kuberekwa;
- Vakadzi vane pamuviri vari pangozi yekuongorora biochemical uye ultrasound.
Genetic test and tests that are performed during pregnancy
Imwe nzira huru yekugadzirisa kukanganisa mukubudirira kwe fetus ndiyo yekuongorora intrauterine, iyo inoitwa nekubatsirwa kwe ultrasound kana tsvakurudzo yezvinyorwa. Ne ultrasound, fetus inororwa - iyi ndiyo nzira yakachengeteka uye isina ngozi. Yokutanga ultrasound inoitwa mavhiki 10-14. Ikozvino panguva ino, zvinokwanisika kuongororwa nekromosome pathologies ye fetus. Yechipiri yakagadzirirwa ultrasound inoitwa mavhiki makumi maviri nemaviri, kana huwandu hwekusakanganiswa mukukudziridzwa kwemukati, nhengo uye nhengo dzomukomana zvakatotangwa. Pachine 30-32 vhiki, ultrasound inobatsira kuona zviduku zviduku mukukura kwe fetal, nhamba ye amniotic fluid uye placenta isingaiti. Pamusoro pevhiki 10-13 uye 16-20, ruzivo rwekutsvaga ropa panguva yekubata huri kuitwa, zviitiko zvehupenyu hwechimiro zvakatemwa. Nzira dziri pamusoro apa dzinonzi kwete-invasive. Kana hutachiona hunoonekwa mune izvi kuongororwa, nzira dzekuongorora dzisina kumira dzinorayirwa.
Mune zvidzidzo zvisingabviri, vanachiremba "vanopinda" muhutu hwekuberekwa: vanotora zvinhu zvekutsvakurudza uye vanoona fetal karyotype nekukwirira kwakakwana, izvo zvinoita kuti zvibvirire kusabvisa maitiro ekurara anonzi Down's syndrome, Edwards nevamwe. Nzira dzinopinda ndezvekuti:
- Chorion tsvina - masero anotorwa kubva munguva inotevera placenta nekuputika kwemukati mudumbu rusvingo. Anobatwa kwemavhiki 9-12. Iyo nzira haigari kwenguva yakareba, chigumisiro chichava mazuva 3-4, mukana wekuparara pamuviri - 2%. Asi kana vakaona gene pathologies, zvino zvinokwanisika kuvhara pamuviri mukati mekutanga;
- amniocentesis - kuongorora amniotic fluid pamasvondo makumi maviri nemasere ekuberekwa. Iyi ndiyo nzira yakachengeteka, nokuti iyo yehuwandu yezvinetso hazvisi kupfuura 1%. Asi chigumisirocho chinofanira kumirira nguva refu, seyanzvi "kukura" masero, uye izvi zvinotora nguva;
- Cordocentesis - kuputika kwembilical cord ye fetus inoteverwa ne fetal collection of blood, inoitwa kwemaawa makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemaviri. Uku ndiko kuongorora kwakarurama, kunoitwa kwemazuva mashanu;
- placentocentesis - samples yemasero anobva ku-placenta, ane masero emucheche. Ngozi yezvinetso ndeye 3-4%.
Paunenge uchiita maitiro aya, njodzi yezvinetso ndeyepamusoro, naizvozvo kuongororwa kwemazwi emucheche uye fetus kunoitwa maererano nezviratidzo zvechiremba zvakasimba. Mukuwedzera kune varwere vanobva muboka rejenic risk, izvi zvinongororwa zvinoitwa nevakadzi kana zviine ngozi yezvirwere,
Iyi miedzo inongororwa chete mune rimwe chipatara pasi pekutarisa kwe ultrasound, nokuti mukadzi mushure momufambiro wavo unofanira kunge uri pasi pekutarisa kwevanyori kwemaawa akawanda. Anogona kutemerwa mishonga kuti arege kunetseka.
Paunenge uchishandisa nzira idzi dzekutsvaga, kusvika kune mazana matatu e5000 zvirwere zvegeneti zvinogona kuonekwa.