Bronchitis chirwere chinoputika umo mucous membrane yemadziro ebronchi anobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa chirwere. Kana kubstructive bronchitis ichiongororwa, izvi zvinoreva kuti kuputika kunofambidzana ne- bronchial obstruction syndrome, ndiko kuti, kuderera kwechiedza chebronchi chinoonekwa, izvo zvinodzivirira kufamba kwemhepo.
Nzira yekudzivirira kunopisa
Bronchi inhengo yeviri yekufema, inotaridzika yakaita sechinhu chinoputika chechirachea muzvikamu zviviri, kubva pane kushandiswa kwechipiri (bronchial tree) kubva. Mashizha emakona maduku akabatanidzwa akabatanidzwa kune zvidzidzo zvema alveolar, pamagumo ayo alveoli aripo - bubble maitiro emapapu, ayo anoshandiswa kugoverana gasi. Basa guru rebronchial tubes nderekusimudzira mweya panguva yekufuridzirwa nekuchenesa panguva imwe chete, kuchenesa uye kupisa, pamwe nekubvisa iyo panguva yekubuda.
Mukurwisana kwemashure ekuvhiringidza zvirongwa zviri kuitika mubronchi pasi pesimba rezvinhu zvinosuruvarisa, kune kuora kwehutachiona hwemunharaunda, kuzvidzivirira kwebhonchi kunorega kushanda nemabasa ayo. Muzvinyorwa zvemucosa, kuchinja kwemasimba kunosanganiswa ne hypertrophy yezvinyorwa zvinokonzera kushungurudzika kwechibhakera uye kushanduka kwemasero e-ciliated epithelium inotungamirira kumapurogm muchikanda-chinokonzera masero. Somugumisiro, anonzi anonzi pathogenetic triad yakasikwa:
- kuwedzera kwechisimba chekudzivirira;
- kuora kwekubuda kweputi kubva kwavari;
- kunonoka uye kuwedzera kwezvinyorwa zvinopisa.
Izvi zvinotungamirira pakugadzirwa kwezvinetso zvekudzivirira kwebhanchi, zvakasiyana nezvinoitika nekusavhiringidza kwekudzivirira. Nyanzvi dzinocherechedza kuti kushandiswa kwebhanchial kunotanga kuburikidza nenzira dzinoshandiswa uye dzisingagadziriswi. Ikutanga ndeyokuti:
- kupenya kwechiedza chebronchi nekuda kwehupamhi hwechiremera chinoputika (bronchospasm);
- kuputika kunobatanidza nekuputika kwemukati uye submucosa bronchi;
- kuzadza bhangichiri nemiti yakaoma, isina kubudisa mucus masses.
Mune ramangwana, nzira idzi dzinoshandiswa nekusakanganisika:
- stenosis yebronchi, inofambidzana nekuwedzerwa kwechiedza chayo chinogadzirisa maviri;
- kupera kwakakosha mumhepo inobuda ichibva kumatavi maduku ebronchi;
- kunopera kwerusvingo rwemumakumbo rwebronchi huru uye trachea nekudzivirira mukati memwenje yemhepo.
Zvinokonzera obstructive bronchitis
Mukurwara kwevanhu vakuru, maronchitis obstructive inowanzowedzera pasi pesimba rezviitiko zvinotevera:
- fodya kusvuta, mune iyo mhepo inoenda kunowedzera zvinhu zvinopisa zvinokanganisa kuchenesa, uye kuputika kwemukati mutsara nemhaka yekushungurudza utsi;
- mamiriro ekushanda anokanganisa anokonzerwa nekuputika kwemhepo, iyo ine guruva, makemikari akabatanidzwa;
- kazhinji zvirwere zvokufema, kuderedza nzira dzekudzivirira dzemhepo yekufema;
- genetic factor - kudarika kwekugadzirwa kwe α1-antitrypsin protein, zvichiita kuparadzwa kwemapapu.
Kune zvidimbu zvishoma zvekuderera mu lumen yebronchi:
- Kuvhara nyore nyore - hakuiti kukanganisa kwakanyanya mumhepo yepamhepo uye kushanduka kwakafanana.
- Kuvharidzirwa kwemukati kwebronchi - apo chiedza chebronchi chakavharwa nechepasi pe50%.
- Kureba kwakanyanya kwekudzivirira - kukanganisa kwechiedza chebronchi zvakanyanya kuderedzwa, izvo zvinokonzera kuderera kwe okisijeni muropa uye kuipa kwebasa rezvikamu zvose uye zvirongwa.
Acute obstructive bronchitis
Kuvhiringidzika kwebhonchitis inomuitiro wakaoma kazhinji kunowedzera muhuduku kana uine utachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona, uye hutachiona hwehutachiona kana nekuda kwehutano hwehutachiona. Kuiswa kune chirwere chacho vana vane utachiona husina simba, vane hutachiona hwepamusoro, mararamiro evanhu. Pakati pese, matavi maduku uye mashepiti akabatwa, uye kuvhiringidzwa kwebronchi huru hakuwanzoitiki.
Chronic obstructive bronchitis
Mune chirongwa chisingaperi, pane nguva dzekuregererwa uye kuwedzera, izvo zvinoratidzwa nekuratidzwa kwavo. Kuratidzwa kune chimiro chechirwere ichi kunyanya varume, sechiitiko chekuita pamusoro pavo chekuvhiringidza zvinhu (kusvuta, dambudziko rebasa) rakakwirira. Muchiitiko ichi, pangangodaro kune kuvhiringidzwa kwechidiki chebronchi, uye kuderera kwechiedza chemashizha makuru uye mashizha, uye dzimwe nguva kuputika kwezvisikwa zvealveolar.
Kuvhiringidza maronchitis - zviratidzo
Braconitis yakaoma nekudzivirira, nguva iyo isingapfuuri mavhiki matatu, inofambidzana nekliniki yemifananidzo:
- kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri;
- kuoma kana kusabereka kuora (kazhinji kunopisa, kuipa usiku uye mangwanani);
- kuwedzerwa muhuwandu hwemapfupa ekufema kusvika kusvika 18 nguva paminiti;
- kutaridzika kwemhepo inoputika nemhepo, iyo inogona kuonekwa nevakapoteredza kunyange nechokure, iyo inokurudzirwa munzvimbo yakatarisa.
Kurwarazve kwechirwere chekuvhiringidza bracchitis, inorwara nekudzoka kwechirwere katatu kana kupfuura kakawanda pagore, inoratidza zviratidzo zvinotevera:
- kazhinji misoro;
- kuneta kukuru;
- sweating;
- kupfupika kwemhepo;
- "Tsika" yekukanganiswa uye zvakaoma kuparadzanisa sputum, dzimwe nguva ruvara rwebhuruu, uye kuwirirana kweropa;
- vachiridza, vachiridza vachiri kufema;
- kusava nenzara.
Nguva dzekuwedzera, chaizvoizvo, dzinofananidzwa nenguva yechando uye dzinocherechedzwa mushure mekuzvarwa kwechirwere chetachiona zvirwere kana hypothermia. Muchiitiko ichi, kutonhora kwemuviri kunogona kuwedzera, kunowedzera uye kunowedzera kuwedzera uye kunorwadza kunorwadza, kune chinetso chinooneka pakufema. Nguva yekudzokazve inenge mavhiki maviri.
Chirwere nechirwere chinoparadza
Kuvharidza kwakanyanya kwepiskous sputum, kuunganidza mu bronchi, kunoita kuti chifukidziro chinoputika chive nechibhakitiriya chinoparadza, icho chinowedzera mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Kurondedzerwa uye kupera kwenguva refu kunoonekwa usiku uye pakarepo mushure mokumuka. Kuvharidzirwa kwebhonchial kusina simba, kunogona kuwana chimiro che purulent, uye munyaya iyi inoonekwa sekudzokazve kwechirwere. Kushungurudza nguva dzose kunofambidzana nekufema kwekufema. Kugadzikana kwemashoko kwebronchi, iyo inogona kutungamirira kumapurmonary kusakwana, inosangana nekukanganiswa kwakadzika uye blanching ganda.
Kutsigira nebstructive bronchitis
Kakawanda, varwere vanofungidzira kuti vane chirwere, vane hanya kana pane kutonhora nebstructive bracchitis. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nehutachiona huno kutonhora hakusimudzi kazhinji uye kazhinji hako kunosvika kumahombekombe akakwirira (kazhinji haasviki kupfuura 38 ° C). I febrile nyika inonyanya kufanana nehuwandu hwechirwere chechirwere, uye chirwere chisingaperi chisingagadziriswi munguva zhinji chinopesana nechekupedzisira kwechando chakanaka.
Kubvisa bronchitis - kurapwa
Kuti asarudze maitiro ekurapa bhonchitis inoparadza, chiremba anongoronga huwandu hwekuongorora hutano, hunoita kuti zvikwanise kuziva chikonzero chehutano uye chiyero chekuoma kwayo. Izvozvo zvinosanganisira:
- kuburitsa uye kuputika kwemapapu;
- Radiography (kusanganisira nekutaura kwepakati yakasiyana);
- spirography ;
- microscopic uye bacteriological analysis of sputum;
- kuongororwa kweropa (general, biochemistry);
- immunological test uye nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma hospital hospitalization inoitwa muchipatara. Braconic yakaoma uye yakaoma nekudzivirira, kunyanya kuenda pamwe nefivha, inoda kuti mubhedha ugare. Mushure mokuderedza mamiriro acho ezvinhu, varwere vanokurudzirwa kuti vatore mafambiro mumhepo itsva, kunyanya mangwanani. Mukuwedzera, varwere vanofanira kuchengeta zvinotevera mazano anokosha:
- Kuramba kusvuta (kudzivirira kubva pakusvuta fodya).
- Kunwa uye kunwa mvura yakawanda (inowanzogara yakanwiwa inofanira kuwedzerwa 1.5-2 nguva).
- Kudya kwakanaka nekuregwa kwekuoma-ku-kunya, mafuta, fried foods.
- Mhepo iri muimba iyo murwere ari kugara inofanira kuva yakachena, yakanyorova.
Maitiro makuru ekurapa:
- drug therapy;
- physiotherapeutic nzira (percussion uye vibrating massage, electrophoresis, inhalation);
- kuporesa, kutevedza mvura.
Kubvisa bronchitis - rubatsiro rwekutanga
Vanhu vakakurumidza kubvisa bronchitis, kuchengetedzwa kwekukurumidzira kunogona kudiwa chero nguva, nokuti kukuvadzwa kwekuchera kunogona kukurumidza kukurumidza uye kusatarisiri. Zviratidzo zvinoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi ndezvekuti: kumanikidzirwa kunogara pamucheto wechigaro nemakumbo zvakaparadzana, kuomeswa kwakanyanya kwakakomba nokurira uye kuridza mhere, miromo yebhuruu nemhino, palpitations. Munyaya iyi, unoda kudana ambulensi.
Usati wasvika vanachiremba, unoda:
- Ipai murwere nemhepo inobuda.
- Bvisa mbatya dzinobvumira kufema.
- Isai inhaler-aerosol ne bronchodilator, kana akambogadzwa kuva chiremba.
- Shandisa nzira yekudzikisa kupisa kwebronchi, inosanganisira kufema mune gas carbon-rich - exhale uye inopinza mhepo, zvakasimba kufungidzira chikwata kune munhu wacho.
Kubvisa bronchitis - madhiragi ekurapa
Varwere vane chirwere che "obstructive bronchitis" zvinodhaka zvinogona kunyorwa zvinotevera:
- bronchodilators ( Salbutamol , Atrovent, Serevent);
- mucolytics (Ambroxol, Trypsin, Acetylcysteine);
- maantibayoti ekuvhiringidza maronchitis (Azithromycin, Cefuroxime, Clarithromycin);
- glucocorticosteroids (Prednisolone, Fluticasone);
- kwete-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Nimesulide).
Inhalation ne-bronchitis inoparadza
Kana kurapwa kwekudzivirira kwebhanchi kuchidikanwa, imwe yenzira dzakasarudzwa dzehutungamiri dzinoputika nebulibuliza. Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa zvinosunungurwa munguva pfupi kusvika pakatarisa kwepfungwa, zvichibvumira kubvisa tsvina, kuderedza kuputika, uye kubvisa phlegm. Tinonyora mishonga inowanzobatwa yekudzivirira:
- Berodual ;
- Atrovent;
- Berotek;
- Ventolin;
- Lazolvan;
- Budesonid nevamwe.
Kuvhiringidzwa kwebhonchitis - nzira dzechirwere dzevanhu
Kurapa kwekudzivirira bhonchitis nemishonga yevanhu kunogamuchirwa mushure mokubvumirana nachiremba anouya, uye mapoka evanhu anogona kungova rubatsiro rwehutano hwehutano. Kazhinji, vanoporesa vanokurudzira kutora michero yemishonga yakasiyana-siyana uye zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandisa expectorant uye anti-inflammatory effect (amai namai vemwana, licorice root, thyme).
Kubudirira keroji yakagadzirwa neeiii
Zvisungo:
- onion - 500 g;
- shuga - 400 g;
- uchi - 50 g;
- mvura - 1 litre.
Kugadzirira uye kushandiswa
- Edzai uye bvisai anyanisi.
- Sakanidza ne shuga, uchi, wedzera mvura.
- Birai pamusana wekupisa kwemaawa matatu, kutonhora, kunyura.
- Tora kikapu 4-6 kakawanda pazuva.
Kubvisa bronchitis - zvinetso
Kukanganiswa kwenguva refu kwebhonchitis zvinowanzoita zvinotevera:
- emphysema yemapapu ;
- kuporesa kusakwana;
- pulmonary heart ;
- bronchiectasis;
- secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension.