Taiwanzofunga kuti maantibayoti mishonga yemhosva yakakura, asi kunewo mishonga yakachengeteka inosangana nehutachiona nenzira mbiri uye panguva imwechete ine zvishoma zvisingabatsiri pamuviri wemurwere. Aya mishonga "machena uye inopisa" ndeye macrolides. Chii chinokosha pamusoro pavo?
"Ndivanaani" dzakadaro macrolides?
Izvozvo zvinorwisa mabhakitiriya zvine chimiro chakakomberedzwa chemakemikari, maitiro ayo kuti unzwisise oh, zvakaoma sei kana iwe usingati uri biochemist. Asi isu tichaedza kunzwisisa. Saka, boka re macrolides zvinhu zvinosanganisira macrocyclic ring lactone, umo umo kunogona kuve nenhamba dzakasiyana dzeatomu dzebhoni. Maererano nemutsara uyu, mishonga iyi yakakamurwa kuva ma-macrolides ane 14 ne16-azalides, ane maatomu makumi maviri nemashanu. Izvi zvinorwisa mabhakitiriya zvinongororwa semakemikari ezvisikwa.
Yokutanga yaiva erythromycin (muna 1952), iyo ichiri kuremekedzwa navanachiremba. Gare gare, mumakore makumi manomwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe, mazana macrolides emazuva ano akawanikwa, ayo akabva aenda kune bhizimisi ndokuratidza migumisiro yakaisvonaka mukurwisa zvirwere. Izvi zvakashanda sechirudziro chekuwedzera kuongorora macrolides, zvichienderana nei nhasi mazita avo akazara zvikuru.
Ko macrolides anoshanda sei?
Zvinhu izvi zvinopinda mukati memakiromita esero uye zvinokanganisa kushandiswa kweprotheni pairi ribosomes. Ichokwadi, mushure mokunge kurwisa kwakadaro, hutachiona hunonyengera hunopa. Mukuwedzera kune zvinorwisa mishonga, ma antibiotics macrolides ane immunomodulatory (kudzora utachiona) uye basa rinorwisa-kupisa (asi rakanyanyisa).
Iyi mishonga inonyatsopindirana ne-gram-positive cocci, inypical microbacteria nezvimwe zvirwere zvinokonzera kuparara, bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis nezvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda. Munguva pfupi, kupikisa kwave kuchicherechedzwa (microbes inoshandiswa uye haityi nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya), asi macrolides emarudzi matsva anochengetedza basa ravo maererano nematachiona akawanda.
Ndezvipi zvinonzi macrolides zvakabatwa?
Pakati pezviratidzo zvekushandisa kwemishonga iyi zvirwere zvakadai se:
- kupumhidza marwadzo mauto - diphtheria, kuputika, chikafu chepineumia, kuwedzera kwechirwere chisingagumi, sinusitis yakaoma;
- zvipembenene zvezvinyoro zviduku, ganda - folliculitis, furunculosis, paronychia;
- zvirwere zvinoparadzirwa zvepabonde - chlamydia, syphilis;
- mirwere zvirwere - periostitis, periodontitis.
Uyewo macrolides echizvarwa chemazuva ano anobata toxoplasmosis, acne (muhutomu hwakaoma), gastroenteritis, cryptosporidiosis nezvimwe zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nezvirwere. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya eboka rakakura inoshandiswawo kuprophylaxis - mune mazinyore, rheumatology, mukushanda pamutsipa mukuru.
Contraindications nemigumisiro
Kufanana nemishonga yose, macrolides ane runyora rwezvinhu zvisingafadzi uye zvinopesana, asi zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti urongwa urwu hwakawanda kudarika humwe hwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Macrolides inonzi inonyanya kusasvibiswa uye yakachengeteka pakati pemishonga yakafanana. Asi mune zviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, zvinotevera zvinoshandisika zvinogona kuitika:
- musoro, chizungu, kunzwa kurasikirwa;
- kushungurudza, kurarisa, kurutsa, kusava nepamuviri;
- rash, mikoko.
Kugadzirira kweboka re macrooids kunopesana:
- vakadzi vane pamuviri uye vanokanganisa;
- vana vari pasi pemwedzi mitanhatu yemakore (vasati vadzidza);
- Vanhu vane hanya nemunhu mumwe chete.
Nehanya nemishonga iyi inofanirwa kurapwa nevarwere vane chirwere chisina simba uye sepfungwa.
Chii chiri macrolides?
Isu tinonyora macrolides anozivikanwa zvikuru ezera idzva, tichivimba nehuwandu hwavo.
- Zvisikwa: oleandomycin, erythromycin, spiramycin, midecamycin, leucomycin, josamycin.
- Semisynthetic: roxithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, flurithromycin, azithromycin, rookitamycin.
Zvinhu izvi zvinoshanda mumishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, mazita ayo angasiyana nemazita macrolides. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzirira "Azitroks" chinhu chinoshanda chiri macrolide-azithromycin, uye mulotion "Zinerit" - erythromycin.