Matambudziko nemararamiro ekuona haagoni kuonekwa nguva nenguva, izvo zvinonyadzisa hupenyu hwehupenyu. Chiyero chekupfumika kwemavara chinogona kuona ichi chirwere chechimiro munguva pfupi pasina humwe hutachiona hwehupenzi. Kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeizvi.
Ndeipi kuedza kwehupfumi hwemavara uye ruvara rwemavara?
Mhando dzakadaro dzisina kururama dzemirazi dzinozivikanwa:
- protoanopia (kuvhiringidzwa nemuvara maonero mukati mezvitsvuku);
- deuteranopia (kushungurudzika nemucherechedzo muhuturo mumagetsi).
Mukuwedzera, pane mhando yakakwana yehupofu, umo vanhu vanoona chokwadi chakakomberedzwa mumicheka mutsvuku nemachena - monochromasia.
Maonero anowanzoitwa mumvuri anonzi trichromasia.
Chinokosha chekuedza kwekuongorora ruvara rwehuputi mu oculist ndechekuona munhu ane makadhi ane mifananidzo ine madiki maduku. Dzinoumba zviyero zvemajemi nematafura nenzira yakadai yokuti vanhu vane ruvara rwemavara avo vanogona kuvaona, uye varwere vane hutachiona havakwanisi kuita izvi kana kuona mamwe mifananidzo.
Rubkin's test for color blindness
Dzidzo iri mubvunzo inosanganisira kuona makadhi makumi maviri nemaviri. Nokuti chimwe nechimwe chazvo chakagoverwa 9-10 seconds of time. Zvakakosha kuti chiitiko chacho chinoitwa zvakanaka pakunyarara. Mifananidzo inofanira kunge yakafanana nemeso omurwere. Mifananidzo inofanira kuonekwa kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi, kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi.
Pakutanga kadhi - nhamba 69, pachipiri - chikwere uye katatu. Zvinogona kuonekwa nevanhu vane ruvara rwemavara, uye maronda-mapofu. Iyi mifananidzo yakagadzirirwa kuenzanisira chinangwa chemuedzo kuongorora ruvara rwekupodza uye kuziva kuenzanisa.
Zvadaro, funga makadhi acho, nhamba yekutanga kana chimiro chinoratidzika kune trichromant:
- 3 - chiito 9. Ne protoanopia uye de Deuteronomy, nhamba ye5 inooneka.
- 4 - katatu. Nemapofu mune chikamu chakasvibirira uye chekundu chetambo kune denderedzwa.
- 5 - nhamba 13. Ne deuteranopia uye proto anopia - 6.
- 6 - denderedzwa uye katatu. Ratidza mapofu mapofu hauoni chinhu pane kadhi.
- 7 - isu tinogona kuona yose nhamba 9.
- 8 - nhamba 5. Inogona kuonekwa uye vanhu vane matambudziko emavara, asi izvi zvinopiwa nenzira yakaoma, zvinotora nguva yakareba kutarisisa.
- 9 - chifananidzo 9 (inoonekwa nevarwere vane deuteranopia). Ne protoanopia - 6 kana 8.
- 10 ndiyo nhamba 136. Daltonics inocherechedza 66, 69 kana 68.
- 11 - Mufananidzo 14, inoonekwa kune vose.
- 12 - nhamba 12, chete deuteranopam uye trichromantum vanosiyaniswa. Proto-Nopes haigoni kuona chinhu.
- 13 - katatu uye denderedzwa. Kana kukanganisa nemanzwisisiro emiti yakasvibirira kunogona kuonekwa chete chiyero chekutanga, tsvuku-yechipiri.
- 14 - muchikamu chekumusoro nhamba 30. Proto-ops ona ipapo 10, uye pasi - 6. Deuteranopes anosiyanisa imwe kumusoro uye 6 munzvimbo yakaderera.
- 15 - denderedzwa nekatatu (kubva kumusoro). Kusava nemafungiro emagetsi matsvuku kunobvumira kuona katatu kakaturi kumusoro uye chikamu kubva pasi, chine ruvara - rumwe rutsanga nekwere.
- 16 - chimiro 96. Ne protoanopia, mapfumbamwe chete anoonekwa, deuteronopia - 6.
- 17 - denderedzwa uye katatu. Kuchinja mukuonekwa kwechikamu chekundu chetambo kunopa kuonekwa kwekande katatu, uye iyo yeguru-inongova denderedzwa.
- 18 - nzvimbo dzakatenderera mumumvuri umwe, zvakananga - dzakasiyana-siyana. Deiteranopes ona mitsara imwe chete yakatsvuka 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, uye dzose dzakananga dzinoita kuti dzive dzakasiyana-siyana. Protanopes anoona 3, 5 uye 7 mitsetse yakafanana mune rumwe ruvara, pamwe nemiganhu yakananga yemakwere.
- 19 - nhamba 25. Kuratidza mapofu anoona 5 chete.
- 20 - denderedzwa uye katatu. Varwere vasina simba havaoni chinhu.
- 21 ndiyo nhamba 96, inowanikwawo kune proto-mpam. Deiteranopes haaoni 9.
- 22 - nhamba 5. Zvakaoma kuti Daltons aone chifananidzo kana chisingaiti.
- 23 - mumigwagwa yakanyanyisa kune zvikwereti zvine mavara akasiyana, uye mumitsara yakafanana - mumvuri wakafanana. Varwere vane ruvara rwemavara vanoona iyo kadhi pamwe chete.
Muedzo weRubkin wekupodza mavara dzimwe nguva unonzi Rybkin's test (zvisina kukodzera), zvinokosha kuti usakanganiswa nematafura eIshihara kana Ishihara. Vanoratidzika semakadhi aRubkin, asi panzvimbo pezvikwiriso zvemagetsi, muOfthromologist wechiJapane anoshandisa mitsara inowirirana yakakomba.