Pakutanga, izwi rechipiri rakanga rakapararira mukurapa. Kwenguva yokutanga ambivalence yakazozivikanwa nokuda kwechirwere chechirwere cheFrance muna 1900s. Nekufamba kwemazuva, pfungwa iyi yakatanga kushandiswa mu psychoanalytic dzidziso uye mabasa a Sigmund Freud.
Chii chinonzi ambivalence?
Kuvhiringidzika kushamwaridzana mupfungwa yemunhu wehukama kune chimwe chinhu uye izvi zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwezviitiko, kana hukama hwemhando mbiri kumusoro, kumunhu nezvakadaro. Ihurumende umo maviri manzwiro anopikisana anogona kuwirirana. Kuti zvive zvakakwana kudzidza chirevo chekusangana, zvakakosha kuzvifungisisa kubva pakuona kwepfungwa nehupfungwa.
Chii chinonzi ambivalence mune zvepfungwa?
Kana tikasateerera, chokwadi chokuti izwi rokuti ambivalence rakatanga kushandiswa chete munharaunda yezvokurapa, pfungwa yekubatana kwemanzwiro akasiyana zvakasiyana mupfungwa dzevanhu yakave yakakurumbira zvikuru mune zvepfungwa. Kubva pakufunga kwepfungwa, munhu asingadiwi haasi kurwara, sezvo nyika ino inogona kukanganisa zvachose munhu chero upi zvawo, musiyano uri muhuwandu hwekuratidzwa kwehurumende yakadaro. Pakati pese, ambivalence mune zvepfungwa ndeyekunzwa kwekushamwaridzana kune chero chinhu.
Sigmund Freud akatsigira kuti kuratidzwa kwakajeka kwehuviri kunogona kuratidzwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzehutano, huratidzwa mune imwe nguva yehupenyu hwekuvandudza. Sei ma psychoanalysts vachibhadhara zvikuru izvi? Nheyo yacho inoratidzika mune zvakarongeka zveuperego yevanhu. Pane maviri inenable masikirwo ehupenyu nerufu izvo zvatova pamwe chete mupfungwa dzomunhu kubvira pakatanga, iyo inoratidza chimiro chekuita.
Kuenderera mberi kubva pane izvi, hazvigoni kutaridzirwa kuti izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa, kana zvichikonzerwa nezvimwe zvinhu, asi zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti muhupo hwemamiriro ezvinhu anokonzera kuwirirana, hurumende ino inogona kuva yakaipisisa zvikuru uye inokonzera kushungurudzika kwekutya uye semugumisiro - migumisiro yakaipa. Zvinhu zvinofadza zvinogona kuva zvinotevera:
- kuedza kuchinja pfungwa, kana kuwedzera;
- kushandisa psychotropic zvinodhaka, anesthesia, kushandisa doro;
- mamiriro ezvinhu akakuvadza pfungwa dzevanhu;
- zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzera kushungurudzika, kuora mwoyo.
Panewo shanduro inozivikanwe iyo pane imwe nguva, mafungiro aripo anokakavhiringidza kana pfungwa dzinogona kupinda mumamiriro ekukakavadzana, semugumisiro weimwe nyika inogona kushandura imwe mune zvisinganzwisisiki. Nemhaka yeizvi, havasi vose vanogona kuratidzira kushamwaridzana, izvo zviripo mupfungwa, pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu asingafadzi mamiriro ezvinhu anoitika.
Kushushikana mufilosofi
Pfungwa yehuviri muhuzivi inoonekwa semufananidzo wegirazi mumanzwiro evanhu emitemo inopikisana. Kuvhiringidzika kwekuvapo kunoumba mukurwisana nguva dzose pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa, mukuzvarwa nekufa, rudo uye ruvengo. Chipiri chega chega munhu anoteererwa nekutengesa kakawanda panguva imwechete, achiita sarudzo, kunzwa uye kugadzira chimwe kana chimwe. Upenyu hwevanhu hwakazadzwa nemafungiro akawanda uye zvisarudzo.
Kushushikana uye chido
Ambitendency zvinoreva kukanganisa kwakaoma kwemotokari, iyo inoratidzirwa nehuviri muhutano hwezviito zvisingatauriki, iyo migumisiro iyo haina kukwana, mufambiro unoshamisa. Ichi chinoshamisa chinonyanya kuratidzwa kuvanhu vane schizophrenic ne catatonic syndrome. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti kushamwaridzana kunogona kutungamirira kune chinangwa chemunhu ane chirwere chepfungwa.
Zvikonzero zvekumbivalence
Zvimwe zvinokonzera kubatana ndezvimwe zviitiko zvinoratidzwa kuvanhu.
- Kusakwanisa kuita chero chisarudzo. Chisarudzo pamberi pomunhu chinowanikwa muhupenyu hwose, uye chisarudzo chimwe nechimwe chinosanganisira migumisiro yakawanda, zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa. Vanhu vanoedza kudzivisa kuita zvisarudzo vanotarisana nharo mukati mehutano hwepfungwa mukati, izvo zvinotungamirira kumusikana.
- Kusatenda uye kusaziva kutya kuita mhosho kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa.
- Kuora mwoyo kwenguva yakareba, kushungurudzika, kushushikana - zvose izvi zvinogona kukonzera chirwere chisina kunaka.
Kushushikana muhukama
Munhu ihwo huri hwakaoma huripo kusina kufanana pakati pemafungiro, zviito uye zvido. Manzwiro evanhu, mumusoro, haana kubatana uye kubatana. Tinogona kuona panguva imwechete manzwiro anopesana kune mumwe munhu. Havana kutaura nenzira isingadi kuti: "Ndinoda uye ndinovenga" - zvingaita sokuti, munhu angazviona sei panguva imwe chete?
Chimiro chisingadikanwi chinogona kuratidzirwa muchiedza chekufananidzira kwemaamai kumwana wavo uye kunzwa kwehasha nekutsamwiswa kubva kuneta, kana kuda murume wake uye ruvengo runokonzerwa negodo. Kubatana kwemanzwiro kunogona kuve kwakagadzirika muitiko iyo inopesana nemanzwiro anotsamwisa uye anomuka kwenguva pfupi, apo pane mamwe maonero akaiswa kwechinhu chimwe, munhu, kana chiito.
Kuvhiringidza zvepabonde
Zviitiko zvehupenyu hwemhando mbiri muhutano hwepabonde zvinogona kukonzerwa nemitemo yehutano hwepabonde, iyo iyo manzwiro anokonzerwa nemafungiro epabonde angamuka. Mukuwedzera, manzwiro anonyadzisa anogona kukonzerwa nekuvapo panguva imwechete ye unyoro uye pfungwa dzepabonde. Pane imwe nguva munhu angada chimwe chinhu "chinotapira", uye wechipiri chinotevera kumupa "peppercorn".
Gender ambivalence
Dambudziko nderekusava nechokwadi kwemunhu mune zvepabonde uye zvepabonde. Hapana hunodi hwechokwadi mupfungwa dzevanhu-pane chimwe chikonzero, inogona kukurumidza pakati pezvinotsanangurwa, kwete kuziva nzira iyo inofanira kuva nayo. Kuvhiringidza kwekuzvibata kunogona kukonzerwa nekukweverwa kwehupombwe kune vosekadzi nevanhurume.
Ambivalence in attachment
Ambivalent attachment is a kind attachment, in which the child is not sure of his feelings for the mother, he hesitates, zvino anoedza kumukwezva, zvino pane kupikisa. Kuratidzwa kwakadaro kunogona kubuda semubairo wekusakwanisa kuvimbana pakati peamai nemwana wavo. Dzidzo yevana mukutsungirira, nekugara kusingakwanisi nemiganhu, pasina kuratidzirwa kwekudziya, rudo nekucherechedza, kunotungamirira kuhupenyu hunotevera huri mumwana maererano nevabereki.
Chigumisiro chechiitiko ichocho chinogona kunge chiri kupesana, kuchengetedza kwakanyanya kwevabereki, kupinda mumwana wega wega uye kuchengetedza nguva dzose, pasina mimwe mitemo. Somugumisiro wedzidzo yakadaro, kusanzwisisika kunogona kuzviratidza. Panguva imwe chete, nezera, munhu achava:
- kunyanya kuzvizvidza;
- asina chokwadi;
- kusavimbika kwenyika yakapoteredza;
- vanovimba neukama.
Kushushikana - sei kubvisa?
Kuvhiringidzika - chinhu chinowanzoitika mupfungwa dzomunhu kusinganzwisisi uye hazvirevi mimwe migumisiro. Zvisinei, kana kuvhiringidzika kwemanzwiro, manzwiro, kunounza kusagadzikana mukukurukurirana nevamwe vanhu uye muhupenyu hwose, saka iwe unofanira kubvunza nyanzvi. Kurapa kwemaitiro kunosanganisira zvakasarudzwa zvirongwa, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemunhu uye zvikonzero zvekutanga kwehuviri.
Mukurapa, mishonga ine basa rekudzivisa hutachiona hwepfungwa uye kugadzirisa chirwere chinogona kushandiswa. Kune zviitiko apo chirwere ichi chinopfuurira, pangave kune ngozi kune hupenyu hwomurwere nevamwe, zvino kurapwa kunofanira kuitwa muzvipatara zvepfungwa. Pachiratidzo chekutanga chekusangana, sezviratidzo zvehutachiona, mumwe munhu haafaniri kuita mishonga, nokuti izvi hazvikwanisi kukanganisa kubereka zvibereko zvakanaka, asiwo zvinowedzera kuwedzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu.
Zvichipa kuti ambivalence inoratidziro yehutano hwemunhu, zvakakosha kuongorora mweya wako, teerera kune chero shanduko. Kana iwe uchitanga kushanyira pfungwa dzisina kukwana dzausingakwanisi kubvisa iwe pachako, zvino unoda kutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kuna chiremba. Izvi zvichaita kuti zvikwanise kuziva chirwere ichi mumatanho ekutanga, izvo zvichabatsira zvikuru kurapa kwakatevera.