Dyslexia - chii ichocho: kurwara, kudzidzisa kusakanganiswa kana chimwe chezvinhu zveimwe zvikamu zveuropi? Munyaya imwe neimwe, dyslexia munhu oga - vanachiremba vanotenda. Maererano nehuwandu, kune 5 vakomana vanotambura nekuputsa uku, pane musikana 1. Pakati pekuruboshwe-dyslexics kupfuura pakati pevanhu vakarurama.
Dyslexia - chii ichocho?
Kurwisana kwekucherechedzwa kwezviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana, zviratidzo uye, naizvozvo, kuonekwa kwekuoma kunzwisisa mukunzwisiswa - sezvinoratidzwa nedyslexia, munyaya yezvekurapa yepasi rose yeIndaneti - 10. Izwi rokuti "dyslexia" rekare rechiGiriki chekutanga-kuputsa , kutaura. Dyslexics vanhu vanoona zvakaoma kudzidza ruzivo rwekuverenga, kunyora. Izvo zvinoratidzwa dyslexia kuvanhu vakuru ndeye chiratidzo chekushaya kukwana kururamiswa kwechirwere muhuduku.
Zvinokonzera dyslexia
Dyslexia inowanikwa muvanhu vane hutano hwakakwana (kusvika ku5%), uye nehupenyu hwekuvandudza pfungwa (25-50%). Nzira dzekuita dyslexia hadzisi yakakwana zvachose kune vanyori, asi basa guru mukuitika kwacho nderokugara nhaka kana kuti maitiro ekuvhiringidza (muna 70% emhosva). Zvimwe zvakakosha zvimwe zvinokonzera dyslexia:
- neurobiological zvikonzero - basa uye hukuru hwemaseri pakati pekati gyrus temporal zvakanyanya kuderedzwa;
- kukanganisa mu-equilibri pakati pehemispheres;
- kururamisa hemisphere rudzi rwekufunga ;
- pamuviri wakaomeswa nehutachiona (rubella, herpes, masero) kana kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinosvibisa (kusvuta, doro, zvinodhaka);
- kusagadzikana kwebasa: fetal asphyxia, mushure mutsva wepentecenta;
- kushungurudzika, zvirwere zvakanyanya (meningitis);
- zvemagariro evanhu: kudzivirira chirwere, kuparara kwekukurukurirana , mhuri isina kufara, kudzidzisa kusakanganiswa kana kunyanya kudzidzisa mitoro.
Dyslexia - zviratidzo
Kuongororwa kwe dyslexia kunogona kukonzera matambudziko uye kuva chiratidzo chinogadzirisa chekusawirirana kukuru. Vabereki, vadzidzisi vanogona kuona nhamo dzinokosha dzomwana mukurovedza, ndicho chikonzero chekushanyira nyanzvi. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kubhadhara nzeve: huwandu hwehuchenjeri hunoenderana nehutano hwemakore. Zviratidzo zveDyslexia:
- matambudziko mukudzidza zvinyorwa;
- tsamba, mazwi, nhamba - ona zvakasiyana;
- rakanyora mukunyora, kuverenga;
- zvikanganiso mu soundproofing;
- mhaka yakajeka yemazita, nhamba, ingoverenga zvinyorwa;
- kuverenga zvinyorwa zvishoma nezvishoma nekumira kukuru uye kubvumirwa kwemashoko, mashandisiro mumashoko;
- mathematical calculation inomiririra kuoma;
- Kuziva mashoma kwemashoko anopa mherechedzo imwe chete;
- kuverenga mutsara wekutanga wehurukuro kunogona kuva yakarurama, asi nemutsara unotevera maonero akarasikirwa;
- kukanganisika mupfungwa (kutsamwa, kutsamwa);
- muhukuru: kuoma mukuratidza pfungwa, kusakwanisa kurangarira migwagwa, mazuva;
- kukanganisa kwepakati uye kugadzirisa munharaunda: kumusoro-pasi, kurudyi-kuruboshwe - zvisingaenzaniswi zvikamu.
Mhando dzeDyslexia
Zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika hazvireve kuti kuvapo kwezviratidzo zvose, uye zviratidzo zvinotanga, kutanga kune zvose, pamhando yehutano. Nyanzvi dzakaratidza idzi dzinotevera dyslexia:
- Agrammatical dyslexia - inoratidzwa nehurukuro isati yasimudzirwa, chirongwa chechirama chechirevo: nguva, matambudziko, kupedzisira kusina kutenderwa kubvumirana: "Ndinoda kuenda kumugwagwa," "motley cat."
- Phonemic (acoustic) dyslexia ndiyo yakawanda pakati pevana vechidiki vaduku. Pane kugadziriswa kwemashoko, musanganiswa wemashoko pane chimwe chinhu chinoparadzaniswa mumashoko akafanana uye kukanganisa kwechimiro chezwi (com-lom-house, dendered-friend, pine-pump, yedu-tire).
- Mystical dyslexia - neromufomu iyi, kune matambudziko mukugadzirisa tsamba mumuromo kana izwi.
- Semantic dyslexia - kuverenga hakusi kwakaoma, asi "mechanical" uye shoko rimwe nerimwe rinonzwisiswa ari oga kubva kumashoko ose uye zvinoreva dyslexic hazvigone kutsanangurwa.
- Optical dyslexia - inozviratidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana: kusvetuka paunenge uchiverenga kune dzimwe mitsetse yekunyora, kuratidzira kuverenga (kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe), kusanzwisisa kwemashoko ane zvimwe zvakafanana, asi nenzvimbo dzakasiyana (I-N-P).
- Tactile dyslexia inofanana ne-optical dyslexia , asi inongowanikwa chete kune mapofu. Paunoverenga mabhuku eBraille, zvigunwe zvinotamira kune dzimwe mitsetse, kuvhiringidzwa kwemashoko ane sendimi yakafanana.
Dyslexia uye dysgraphia
Dyslexia chirwere chinowanzosangana nemamwe matambudziko. Kunyadziswa ndiko kuputsa kwekutaura kwakanyorwa. Paanenge achinyora zvinyorwa nemwana, shanduro dzakarongedzwa zvakare, tsamba dzakanyorwa muchigoni chechioni. Tsamba yakanyorwa yakazara nezvikanganiso, kusavapo kwemabhii makuru nemapfupisi. Dysgraphia inogona kuva chirwere chokuzvimirira, njere panguva imwe chete, pamwe chete ne dyslexia inodzivirirwa.
Mushonga weDyslexia
Zvimwe zvirongwa zvekurapa zvinodhaka zve dyslexia hazvipo. Izvo zvakapfuura chirwere chacho chinoratidzwa, mabasa akasiyana-siyana anogona kuitwa kuitira kuvandudza kushanda kwomwana. Kugadziriswa kwe dyslexia kunoitwa nemutauri wekutaura, uye ane zvirwere zvinotenderera, a neuropathologist, chiremba chepfungwa, an ophthalmologist akabatanidzwa. Purogiramu yekururamisa inosanganisira zvinotevera:
- kushanda nekudzivirira kusina;
- pakuumbwa kwegiramatic system;
- pamusangano wekuongorora nekuona zviripo ;
- pamusoro pekubatanidzwa kwezvioni uye zvakajeka.
Vanhu vakakurumbira vane dyslexia
Dyslexia - chirwere chemasimba, pane maonero pakati pevamwe nyanzvi - munhu anogona kuva nechokwadi chei kuburikidza nekudzidza mazita evanhu vanozivikanwa vane chirwere, izvo hazvina kuvadzivisa kuti vabudirire, kuti vave vakakurumbira mubasa uye zvido zvevanhu vose. Dyslexia pakati pevanhu vanozivikanwa avo vakakunda zvinetso zvavo, uye vanoshumira semuenzaniso wakaisvonaka, kuti munhu haafaniri kuora mwoyo kune vamwe:
- Vladimir Mayakovsky - nhetembo yakakurumbira yeSoviet nekunetseka kuverenga, yaiva "kusabvumirana" nemapfupiso.
- Keanu Reeves - semwana, akazobviswa zvikuru nekuda kwekusakundikana kwake kuverenga zvakanaka, vaaidzidza navo vakamuti iye benzi.
- Quentin Tarantino - mutungamiri anonyadzisa uye eccentric uye mutevedzeri, akaiswa pasi kusekwa nevezera rake, achimudzidzisa akapiwa nenzira yakaoma.
- Cher - kuchikoro akawana matambudziko mukuverenga, kunyora uye matambudziko mukusiyanisa nhamba 6-9.
- Keira Knightley - chirwere chakadzidzisa mutadzi kuzvidzivirira uye kutsungirira pakukunda matambudziko.
Dyslexia - mabhuku
Dyslexia - chii uye nzira yekubvisa dyslexia kune munhu mukuru ari oga. Mibvunzo iyi yose inomutswa mumabhuku ekudyslexia:
- Chipo cheDyslexia naR. Davis
- "Chipo Chokudzidza" R. Davis
- "Kururamiswa kweagramtic dyslexia" E. Mazanova
- "Dyslexia kana Sei ..." T. Voronina
- "Dyslexia yeuropi. Kunze kwezvinozivikanwa zvikuru "T. Goguadze