Kuvapo kwehupenyu hwevanhu kunobva pamitemo yakatarwa nemakore nemadzitateguru. Kuchinja kwemitemo yakadaro hakudzivisiki uye kunokonzera mhirizhonga dzinoverengeka. Munharaunda yemazuva ano, kodzero yekuratidza maonero evanhu munyika yakazaruka - inowanzoitika, mutsetse pakati pekuchengetedza tsika dzetsika uye kuratidzira pfungwa yekushaya hanya kunotyisa.
Chii chinonzi xenophobia?
Izwi xenophobia rinosanganisira zvikamu zviviri "xenos" - muchiGiriki zvinoreva kure, kusazvidza, uye "phobos" -kutya. Kune manzwiro akadaro okusatya kusinganzwisisiki kwevasingazivi kana kusagadzikana, kune mumwe munhu, tsika. Xenophobia ishungu yekuvenga zvakanyanya uye kusawirirana kune dzimwe nyika, tsika dzetsika, uye kushorwa kwechimiro chekunze-chirevo chenhema chokuda nyika.
Chii chinotyisa xenophobia?
Pamusoro pehutano hwevanhu, kushatirwa kurambwa kwevatorwa kunogona kuva nehasha - kushaya xenophobia sekutyisidzira kuchengeteka, kunogona kushanda sekunetseka kwepfungwa kwekuvapo kwemakakatanwa makuru. Mune nhoroondo yevanhu vemazuva ano kune zvinyorwa zvinotsigira kubuda kwemakakatanwa eveperethnic nezviratidzo zvakajeka zvekushaya xenophobia. Kuparadzaniswa kwevanhu kuti vave "vega" uye "vakadzingwa" nerudzi rwemarudzi kana rudzi rwakasagamuchirwa harucagamuchirwi, asi zvakadaro nzvimbo yakadaro iriko.
Xenophobia munyika yanhasi
Kuparadzwa kwemitambo yemitambo uye kutuka kwevanhu pachavo ndiko kunonyanya kukuvadza kubva pakufunga kwehutano. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti xenophobia inopestiyano yakakonzerwa pamakwikwi ekuvengana kune vamwe vanhu, hondo uye kuparadza, apo munhu anobva pamakakatanwa emarudzi anongoparadza mumwe munhu, achiisa ruvara rwechiito chake nenzira yakanaka - kuratidza muvengi kune ani zvake, asina nheyo nokuda kwezviito zvakananga.
Kutenda kwechitendero
Phobia mumhando ipi neipi - kutya kwekutya , inokonzera vanhu kuva nemafungiro nemapenzi, inoita maonero asina kururama enyika yakapoteredza. Masayendisiti anotsanangura pfungwa yokuti mune zvehukama hwehukama - hondo, kukanganisa, kugadziriswa kwetsika, tsika dzekuzvarwa dzinogona kuumbwa. Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinotaura kuti xenophobia inopararira - nyore kuparidzirwa kune vamwe. Inogamuchirwa kuparadzanisa nyika yakadaro mumhando dzakawanda dzekushaya xenophobia:
- racial;
- chitendero;
- territorial;
- ethnicity;
- mhuri;
- hukama.
Xenophobia ihondo isingafadzi, kana yakaratidzwa pachena, vanhu kana nyika dzingatambura. Pano panewo xenophobia, izvo zvisingaoneki kuratidzwa:
- Kuita zvepabonde chinhu chisinganzwisisiki kune vakomana nevasikana.
- Ageism - kupindura kushungurudza kune vanhu pazera remakore.
- Kuremara - kusarurwa kwemunhu nemaitiro ehuviri - hurema.
Xenophobia uye zvechisarura
Kuvhiringidzika kwemaonero evanhu nemadzinza kunonzi racism. Kurwisana kwechisarura ndeyekutya uye kurwisana kune munhu oga, kudzvinyirirwa kwetsika uye kushorwa, kunyadziswa kwevanhu pamusangano wenyika, zvichibva pamucheka wechipfuva, chitendero, tsika dzemitauro, mutauro wakataurwa. Munhoroondo, kune mienzaniso yakaparadzanisa vanhu mu "marudzi akakwirira" uye "pasi", apo chiratidzo chekuzvarwa kwakashanda sechirevo - munhu akaparadzwa.
Xenophobia uye Extremism
Izwi rokuti "kukanganisa" rine maFrench, mukushandura rinoreva - rakanyanyisa, kureva, rinorondedzera muganhu mune zvekutonga uye zviito. Mhedziso yengozi kune dzimwe nyika ndedambudziko rezvinyengeri rekushaya xenophobia. Mafungiro evanhu munzanga mune kutya kwekurasikirwa kwetsika uye tsika dzemarudzi, kuvabatanidza nekunopesana kwevamwe tsika dzevanhu - kunowedzera ruvengo kune tsika dzisiri dzetsika dzenzira mune imwe nyika, nyika inogamuchirwa.
Xenophobia uye chauvinism
Chauvinism inoratidziro yekunaka pamusoro pemamwe marudzi, kazhinji kacho akafuridzirwa kuti ataure zviito zvekudzvinyirira kweimwe nyika, kusada pachena kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana uye vanhu. Kutaura kwemashoko anonyanya kudanwa chinonzi chauvinism, ndicho chikonzero chekuita zvakasimba, kurwisa mamwe marudzi-chikonzero chekudzvinyirira mutsika, kuparadzwa kwenyama.
Xenophobia uye nyika
Rudzi rwechizvarwa - rudo rwemaamai, madzinza uye tsika dzemadzitateguru avo nemazuva avo, kuzvikudza mune zvinobudirira zvevanyori munyika yose. Kusarudzika kana nhema yenyika - kuratidzwa kwekutsamwa kwevanhu, kurambwa kwevanhu uye tsika dzakanaka dzinoratidzirwa muhutsinye hunhu, zviito. Munhu anoramba uye anorega mumwe munhu, kunyange mumamiriro ekuonekwa akasimba we "mutorwa", anoremekedza unhu hwake hwakanaka, anonyadzisa pachena chiremerera chake nekuda kwevasati vari ve "vanhu" vake.
Rudzi rwechizvarwa mune kuratidzwa kwaro rwechokwadi haruna mafungiro evamwe vanhu, zvitendero. Chinangwa chemudzi wenyika ndechekuratidzira rudo rwezvakaitika uye tsika, tsika dzenyika. Ushamwari hwekune dzimwe nyika uye hwekupindira, kune munhu akadaro - nzira yekuratidza uye kuratidza chiremera chevanhu vake uye zvido zvake zvepasi.
Kushivirira uye xenophobia
Izwi rokuti "kushivirira" rinoreva kushivirira, mukuenzanisa nehutano, zvinogona kurondedzerwa sehukama hunogamuchirwa nevasingazivi, mutorwa wekunze, tsika dzisingazikamwi netsika dzetsika, tsika dzevanhu. Munhu mumwe nomumwe ane muganhu wake wekutenderera kune mutorwa. Kurwisana kwega nehuwandu hwekushaya hanya kunoreva maonero evanhu vasingatendi kwete semuvengi, asi semuvengi, mumiririri wemumwe musangano ane maonero akafanana pane dzimwe nyaya, nzira yakasiyana yemitemo yakawanda inogamuchirwa.
Xenophobia inogona kumutsa munhu kushivirira kune imwe tsika, achiedza kumutsa utsinye kana kusaremekedza. Kuti agadzire vese avo vanomukomberedza kuti varwe nezviito zvisingagamuchirwi mumaziso ake, zvinotyisa kutyisa kune humwe munhu. Xenophobes vanowana sevanhu vane mafungiro uye mapoka emapoka, havagoni kukakavadzana nemunhu anoshivirira ane vanhu vakadaro.
Xenophobia - nzira yekurapa sei?
Midzi yehutsinye hwehutano hwehuwandu munharaunda inogona kuva nehuwandu hwemarudzi, hukama hwezvematongerwo enyika, kusagadzikana kwevanhu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chikonzero chezviitiko izvi ndechiyeuchidzo chakaipa kubva kare. Kudzidza muhutano hwehuduku - kukurukurirana nevamwe kunorambidzwa - kunogona kuita mafungiro asina kunaka kune vasingazivi.
Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinokurudzira kurwisana nehutano sehutano hwepfungwa , munhu anofanira kuzviziva kuti chinzvimbo chake kune vamwe, chisinganzwisisiki, chinodzivirira kuvaka ukama uye kutaurirana zvakakwana. Mafungiro ezvepfungwa neongororo dzinotsanangura zvinobvumira kubvisa kutya kukuru uye kusarura kusarura kune vasingazivi.