The psychopathological syndrome of catatonia (kubva muchiGiriki "kuvhomora, kushungurudza") yakatanga kutsanangurwa pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe. muGermany psychiatrist Karl Ludwig Kalbaum. Akazvisarura uye akaidzidza semunhu akazvimiririra mupfungwa, asi vateveri veKalbaum vakatanga kutora catatonia sechinyorwa chechichichiphrenia.
Chii chatatonia?
Chipatara zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinokonzerwa nemotokari - kunyorova, kushaya chimiro kana kushungurudzika. Kushungurudzika mumutauro wemasisita kunogona kuwirirana nehutano hwehupombwe (nekuda kwekurohwa, kuputika, Tourette's syndrome, zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemunhu uye mamiriro ezvinhu, kutora mamwe mishonga, zvinodhaka, nezvimwewo). Psychosis inoratidzika sechiratidzo chesiyana-siyana kwepfungwa. Mune vamwe varwere hazvibviri kuziva zvikonzero zvechirwere.
Catatonia chirwere chinokonzera kukakavara pakati pevanyori vanobva kumativi ose enyika. Chikonzero chaicho chekwakabva kwayo hachizivikanwi, uye pane kungofungidzira chete. Saka, chitarisiko chechirwere chinokonzerwa ne:
- kushayikwa mu-cerebral cortex ye gamma-aminobutyric acid;
- nekudzivirirwa kamwe kamwe muuropi ye dopamine hormone;
- basa rakawedzerwa re serotonergic uye cholinergic systems (mushure mekurumidza kuregera kwe clozapine);
- kubuda kwekushanduka-shanduka kwekutya;
- kudengenyeka kwemagetsi kwemagetsi mumakona ekutanga lobes uye thalamus.
Catatonic syndrome
Nzvimbo ye catatonia inosanganisira kushungurudzwa kwemotokari, dzimwe nguva inosanganiswa ne delirium, kufungidzira, kupesana kwekuziva uye zvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa. Kuongororwa kwechirwere kunosimbiswa nekufungisisa nhoroondo, zvipatara zvechipatara, kuongorora kwepfungwa uye tsvakurudzo. Muongorori wepfungwa anofanirwa kugadzirisa chirwere chinokonzera chirwere chakakonzera kukura kwechirwere. Izvi zvinogona kuongororwa kana zvikamu zviviri zvezviratidzo zvaro zvinowanzodzokororwa kwevhiki mbiri.
Catatonic zviratidzo
Catatonic syndrome inobata vanhu vezera ripi zvaro - vana nevakuru (kunyanya kusvika makore makumi mashanu). Muchiitiko chekutanga, chirwere chinotora maitiro ekudzoka kwepamusoro uye mafambiro emotokari: zviito zvisingatauriki kana zvipenzi, maitiro, mutism, nezvimwewo. Kune avo vane makore 16 kusvika ku30, zviratidzo zve catatoni zvinosvika pakukura kukuru. Zviratidzo zvekurwara kuvakadzi makore 40 kusvika ku5 zvingave zvisiri kukanganisa nekuda kwehutano: kutaura kwechitarisiko chemaziso uye kutaura, maitiro, maitiro, nezvimwewo. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinotevera:
- maitiro - varwere vanowanzoberekazve maitiro, kufamba;
- echosymptoms - kudzokorora kwemashoko nemashoko;
- kusagadzikana kana kushingaira kusagadzikana - kusakwanisa kuzadzisa zvikumbiro kana kuita zvadzo zvakare);
- kunyorova uye kukanganisa - kukwira munzvimbo isina kusimba.
Pakukura kwechirwere zvinogona kuratidza zviratidzo zvakadaro sekunakidzwa nguva dzose, kuwirirana kwemanzwiro kune munhu kana nyaya imwechete, kuvhurika, kunyarara kwakakwana (mutism) kana kutaura kusingaiti, musimba kusagadzikana, chiratidzo che "muteve wemhepo" (munhu anogara munzvimbo isina kunetseka ane musoro wake wakamutswa), akazaruka maziso, kubata pfungwa.
Matambudziko eCatatonic
Mamiriro ekutanga ekatatonia ndeyekusimudzira musungo wehutachiona uye kunyarara. Kune mhando mitatu yemamiriro aya: cataleptic stupor, negativistic uye nejinga. Varwere vanogona kuchengetedza imwe nzvimbo yemuviri kana kutarisa kwemaziso kubva maawa mashoma kusvika kumwedzi yakawanda. Pasina tsika yakanyanya catatonic tsika inononoka basa remotokari, umo nzvimbo yomuviri inowanzosingawanzo kana isina kukodzera. Kudzorera kutendeuka kwechirwere chimwechete - kushungurudzika uye kufamba kusina chinangwa, kwete nechokuita nemhuka.
Catatonic agitation
Kana murwere ari famba, achishanda uye achiita zvinangwa uye zvisingaiti, zvinokonzerwa nekushungurudzika kwe catato, zviratidzo zvingagoni kugoverwa kuva maviri. Nzira yekushushikana inonzwisisika inozivikanwa nekuwedzerwa kukura, uye haisi iyo yakataurirwa zvikuru: inotanga nekuchinja kwemanzwiro, mufambiro usina kukodzera, mutauro unoshungurudza. Rudzi rwechipiri rwekusimudzirwa harukurumidzi, uye ruzivo rwakakura rwezviratidzo hunhu. Murwere anoshanda zvakashata, nekushingaira, nekusingaperi, pamwero wekuoma, anogona kuzvikuvadza iye nevamwe; zviito zvake zvinotyisa.
Catatonic Schizophrenia
Chinhu chisingawanzi, chakakomba uye, sekutonga, chirwere chisingaregi mupfungwa ndeyechi catatoic ye schizophrenia. Inowanikwa mudiki shoma (1-3) schizophrenics. Chirwere chinokanganisa mabasa ese omumuviri, uye kukanganisa kwakanyanya kwemotokari kunoonekwa. Vatachioni vemakatoni vanogona kugara mune imwe nzvimbo kwenguva yakareba, kunyange kana zvisingakanganisi kubva pakatarisana nemunhu chaiye (akamira pamakumbo rimwe kana kutambanudza ruoko rakatenderera kumusoro). Zvimwe zviratidzo zve catatonic schizophrenia ndiyo kushandiswa kwekunyengera uye kufara.
Catatonic shock
Chokutanga, catatonic schizophrenia inoratidzirwa nekushaya simba motokari basa. Asi nedzimwe pane zvimwe zviratidzo: paranoid nonsense, kukanganisa, nezvimwe. Mune nguva inotevera yechirwere, kuora kwakanyanya kwevanhu kunowedzera. Catatonic delirium, sekutonga, inowanikwa ne cataleptic stupor, apo murwere anotsvaga kwenguva yakareba, haapinduri kumukumbira kukuru kwaari uye anovapo nokuda kwekukurukurirana mukunyarara.
Catatonia isina gore rekuziva rinonzi lucid. Kakawanda nguva dzose inowedzera schizophrenia. Nzira iyo inofungidzirwa yechirwere ichi inotakura iko kuputsa kwekuratidzira kwenyika chaiyo, kusagadzikana kwekufunga, kuora mwoyo, amnesia (yakakwana kana kuti yakasarura). Vamwe vanachiremba vanotora catatonia yeiiroid kuti ive iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kwechimwe schizoaffective attack. Catatonic syndrome iyi inomuka pakarepo.
Catatonic state
IOyneroid syndrome inoratidzira kusvibiswa kworwere kwechirwere nemararamiro akaita soro, kuchinja kwakakomba kwemanzwiro uye kudanidzirwa kukanganiswa. Catatonic kurota izere nezvakaitika zvinonakidza uye zvisinganzwisisiki. Vanogona kutarisana nechokwadi. Murwere ari mubatanidzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvinyorwa, pane kuvhiringidzika mune nzvimbo kunyanya ari oga "Ini". Pane kuchinja kwakakurumidza kwemufaro wekunyengera.
Catatonic Kuora mwoyo
Catatonic syndrome inokura zvose zvisingatauriki uye pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinetso zvepfungwa. Kazhinji chirwere chacho chinosangana nekuora mwoyo, izvo zvinowedzera zviratidzo zvekatonia. Semuenzaniso, murwere mumupata anogona kurega kwenguva refu, achirwadziwa kunyange nekusimudza munwe - zvose mumuviri uye mupfungwa. Kushungurudzika hunova chinokonzera nzvimbo yose yemurwere.
Deadly Catatonia
Kune chimiro chechimiro che schizophrenia, iyo inoratidzirwa nehutachiona hwekutsvaga, kukurudzirwa kwakakurumidza, kusimba kwakasimba kwekateatonic, kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri, kushandiswa kwemazimbwa uye kushanduka kwechirwere mu hematopoietic system, kukura kwekuora uye coma. Imwe zita rechirwere ichi ndi hypertoxic schizophrenia. Kufananidzira kwechirwere hakushamisi, kunyange zvazvo catatonia inouraya inoporesa.
Catatonia - kurapa
Munhu anorwara ane catatonia haakwanisi kuendeswa kumushonga usati matambudziko epfungwa anobatsira pakuvandudzwa kwechirwere anoonekwa. Ongororo dzakakosha dzinofanira kuitwa kuti dzisiye zvimwe zvinokonzerwa neuroloki uye kuti dziwane zvinokonzera kukanganisa catatonia. Kana catatonia inowedzera maererano neschizophrenia uye chero ipi zvayo yepfungwa inokanganisa, kurapwa kunofanira kutanga nekuderedza murwere wezviratidzo zvezvirwere izvi. Murwere anoramba achicherechedza kuna chiremba, anoiswa muchipatara.
Kutambudzwa kwe catatonic stupor kunofanira kutora matanho akawanda ekurapa. Pachigamba chekutanga, murwere anopiwa maitiro mashoma ecaffeine uye 10% solution ye barbamyl. Apo iyo motokari inotanga zvakare, kushandiswa kwemishonga kunoguma. Mushonga unobudirira zvikuru unomira pamwe nekubatsirwa kweECT - electroconvulsive therapy uye maitiro ebenzodiazepine. Panguva imwe chete kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwechirwere chechirwere ichi murwere anogara achiongororwa kuti aone matanho ekuti awanezve.
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekutora catatonic syndrome, iyo inotarisa kuwedzera kwekurapa. Panzvimbo yezvino yekukurapa kwemishonga, ino hutano hwehupfungwa hwepfungwa haisi mutongo. Murairo unoporesa unogona kunzi 40% yevarwere. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, nyanzvi dzinokwanisa kuwana kuregererwa kwakakwana kana kuenderera mberi nekuvandudzwa mumamiriro ekurapa.