Aya maruva akanaka akareba akauya kwatiri kubva kuAfrica neMediterranean. Iye zvino kune marudzi 5 000 uye gore rimwe nerimwe kune zvakawanda. Kubva pabhubhu ye gladiolus, mashizha mashoma emukoko anonzi bluish anokura, akafanana nesimbi uye anosvika 70-150 cm murefu. Maruva aro akafanana nemaruva matanhatu asina kukwana akabatanidzwa mukati memhepo inonzi inflorescence, iyo inogona kuva imwe-yakatarisana, maviri-rumwe rutivi kana kuti inomira. Duva rinopera shure kwemazuva gumi namaviri uye munzvimbo yaro michero inobereka (bhokisi rine mbeu). Zvichienderana nepo kana gladioli ichibukira mushure mekudyara, iyo yakakamurwa kuva:
- mangwanani-kare-shure kwemazuva makumi matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu;
- kutanga-mazuva 71-74;
- pakati pemakore - mazuva makumi manomwe nemazana manomwe nemakumi manomwe;
- muvhareji - mazuva 80-84;
- chiyero chekupedzisira - 85-90 mazuva;
- iyo gare gare - mazuva 91-95;
- kunonoka - 100-140 mazuva.
Gladiolus: kukura nekugadzirisa
Kubudirira kugadzira gladiolus mubindu unoda: nzvimbo yakakodzera, kunwisa, kusunungura ivhu nechisimba kubviswa kwemasora uye kudya nguva dzose.
Gladiolus photophilous uye zvinotonhora zvinopisa, saka zviri nani kuvadyara pamhepo isina simba yezuva pamwe nemhepo yakasviba, chiedza, breathable uye ivhu rakaorera.
Gladiolus inoda kudiridza kwakanyanya, kamwechete pavhiki (4-5 mabhakiti pa1m2), kunyanya panguva yekukura, asi pasina kunyanya kudarika.
Kubva panguva yekuonekwa kwemashizha ekutanga uye kusvikira pakuguma kwezhizha, mineral fertilizer inotangwa vhiki nevhiki kana kwevhiki mudiki madhii, sezvo kukwirira uye kunaka kwekuyerera kunobva pakudya uye nekudzivirira kwe gladiolus kune zvirwere. Kana iwe usingazivi nzira yekudyisa gladioli, iwe unokwanisa kugadzirisa sarudzo ye ammonium nitrate, superphosphate uye potassium sulfate (40g: 40g: 30g) uye kunyorera kubhodhi remvura.
Gladiolus yakadyarwa muminda, haugoni kusiya nguva yechando muvhu rakavhurika. Mukutanga kweOctober, mababu anofanirwa kukohwa kuitira nguva yechando, uye pakupera kwaApril - vanofanira kudyarwa munzvimbo yakazaruka, nguva dzose munzvimbo itsva.
Nzira yekudyara gladioli?
Iyi duva inodyarwa zviri nyore mubindu. Asi iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti zvakanaka sei uye kuti zvakadini iwe uchida kudyara gladioli. Tinofanira kuita izvi maererano nehuwandu hwehgorithm inotevera:
- Mwedzi mumwe chete usati wasima, tora mababu, uzvinyenye uye uzviise mumabhokisi, izvo zvinofanira kuiswa munzvimbo yakaoma, ine zuva uye inotonhora.
- Gadzirira ivhu: wedzera mvura, gadzira mukuwa, fadza organic fertilizer munguva yegore (add phosphorus).
- Kuenda kunokurudzirwa kuti iitwe pakupera kweApril kana pakati pemayana muvhu inopisa kusvika 10 ° C. Usati wadyara corms nevana, soak kutanga kweawa 1 -2 mugadziriso re potassium permanganate kana mhangura sulfate kuitira kudzivirira zvirwere zvefungal. Ipapo vanomira husiku humwe mukuderedzwa kwehuni ash.
- Gadzirira gorosi neakadzika anenge masendimita makumi maviri (20 cm) Kuwedzera kwekudyara kunoenderana nekukura kwebhari pachayo uye inofanira kunge yakaenzana katatu kana kane kana yakakura. Mabhubhu anoiswa pasi pe groove ari kure nemamita 15-20 kubva kune mumwe. Munguva yekugara, maguta nemiti yakanaka inofanira kunwa mvura.
- Fukidza ivhu nevhu rakaiswa 2-5 cm.
- 3-4 mazuva mushure mekuonekwa kwebukira, sezvavanokura, vachiasasa nevhu, kusvikira pasi rose rakaenzana.
Gladiolus: zvirwere nezvirwere
Gladiolus inokonzerwa nezvirwere zvakawanda nezvirwere. Zvirwere zvakanyanya kwaari ndeye fusariosis, grey, yakaoma uye yakaoma kuora, ganda. Mukurwisana navo kunobatsira:
- kubva pazvirwere zvefungal - kusvibisa nechinangwa chokunwa kana calcined soda;
- kubva kune-causative agents of fusariosis nekuora - kudyara pakati pemitsetse yegariki, marigold, nasturtium, calendula, uye mabhuru emiti inotapukirwa inofanira kushandiswa;
- kubva kune trips uye hove, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa karate uye zvokudya zvinokurumidza (1-2 ml / 10 mamita emvura);
- kubva kumuchetura - kuputira nemhinduro ye decis, fufanon kana carbofos;
- kubva kune slugs - kutema nekusasa kwezvifambiso ne superphosphate, madota, guruva.
Zvichienderana nekutarisira kwaunoita gladioli yako, uchagamuchira maruva akadai sechikonzero.