Kuchema - izvi zvinokonzerwa nemagariro evanhu-zvepfungwa zvakagadzirwa kubvira kare uye munguva yanhasi nyika inowedzera. Zvinotendwa kuti kudzvinyirirwa kubva kuvasikana, kusiyana nevakomana, ndiko kwepfungwa kunonyanya kuonekwa nemunhu anenge atambudzwa, vasikana vakanyanyisa mune nzira dzekutambudzwa, izvo zvisingatauri zvinosiya zvinyorwa zvepfungwa dzemunhu akabatwa.
Kuchema - chii ichocho?
Kuchema kunouya kubva kuChirungu izwi bulling - kushungurudzwa, uye chiito chechisimba, kurwisa kunorwadza nenzira yekunyomba, kunyadziswa, zvichikonzera kukuvadza mumuviri kune mumwe kana vanhu vazhinji, vana nekuda kwekutumira. Inoitwa pakutanga kwekutanga ne 1-2 instigators kana nzombe, nekubatanidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwekirasi yose, boka kana pamwe. Kutamba uye kudheerera kunobatana nenhau. Kufambisa ishoko re "herd", somuenzaniso, apo munhu anotanga kuonekwa ari pachikoro kana boka, uye kusiyana nekudzvinyirira, kungofanana nekutambudzwa kunoshandiswa.
Zvinokonzera kudzvinyirira
Sei kusagadzikana kwepakati pevanhu uye kwepfungwa kwekushungurudza (kutambudzwa) kunogona kubviswa? Ichi chikonzero chechikonzero, chimwe cheicho chisimba chisimba mumba, uye nzombe ivo pachavo vanowanzotambudzwa mumhuri yavo pachavo. Chido chekunyadzisa kana kukuvadza vamwe chinokura kunze kwechikonzero chekuninipiswa, nzombe haina simba pamusoro pemamiriro emhirizhonga mudzimba, asi munzanga, chikoro, anogona kuzviita, uye anozviona pachake akabata simba mumaoko ake.
Zvimwe zvikonzero:
- Kuberekwa - panguva ye "horckal" (restructuring), pane kusunungurwa muropa repamusoro ye testosterone uye adrenaline muvechiri kuyaruka, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kuwedzera kukurwa ;
- propensity to sadism;
- chido chekuva pfungwa yekucherechedza;
- high level of aspiration.
Vanoshungurudzwa
Chikonzero nei kusarudzwa kunowira mhosva kunowira kune mumwe mwana - zvakaoma kupindura mubvunzo uyu, asi unobva kune zvikonzero zvechiitiko chacho pachako. Kakawanda, avo vanodzvinyirirwa kuchikoro ndivo:
- vasina kubudirira vadzidzi;
- vane zvipo vana;
- vana vane hurema;
- vana vevadzidzisi;
- vanyunyuti uye makuhwa;
- vana kubva kumhuri dzine urombo;
- vamiririri vevashoma zvepabonde ;
- vamiririri vemamwe marudzi;
- vana vane mafungiro asina kujairika;
- vanoda vadzidzisi.
Psychology of bullying
Chikonzero chechisimba, chisimba, chine zvikamu zvitatu zvegadziriro: anotevera ndeye bullie kana nzombe, nharo, uye vanocherechedza. Kakawanda kazhinji kune chikamu chechina - mutsigiri. Kudzidza chinoshamisa chekudheerera, vanyori vepfungwa vakasvika pakugumisa kuti manzwiro akadai shanje, vasingadi, pfungwa dzisina kururama dzekusaruramisira, chido chekuzvitaura chinogona kukonzera kugadzirwa kwechiitiko ichi muchikoro chechikoro. Kumbirira kwekunzi - iyi inongova mhodziro shomanana yemanzwiro eanotambudzwa, kana vanhu vakuru nenguva vachiziva kuvapo kwekudheererwa uye kutorwa.
Mhando dzehutsinye
Mhando dzekudheerera dzinoparadzaniswa nemhando yehupenyu kune mumwe munhu. Inogona kuva chisimba mumuviri nekukonzera kukuvadza mumuviri, uye mupfungwa mupfungwa. Kuparadzanisa kwakagadziriswa, nokuti kukonzera kukuvara mumuviri kunobatanidzwawo nekuwedzera kwehutano hwepfungwa, kana ari mwana kana munhu mukuru anoziva kuzvizvimirira, kana kushungurudzika kwakarongeka, muviri nomuviri wemunhu anotambura, kunyanya panyaya yekuita zvepabonde.
Kuchema kuchikoro
Kushungurudzika kuchikoro kunosanganisira kushungurudzwa kwevamwe vana kurwisana nevamwe, kana kunyange nekirasi yose yekutyisa mudzidzi mumwe. Izvi zvinotanga nguva nenguva, uye zvakagadziriswa, uye zvinogara zvakagara nguva dzose. Pane 2 kuratidzwa kukuru kwechisimba kuchikoro:
- Kudheerera kwepanyama - mwana anodururwa, anopiwa makapu, kukwezva, dzimwe nguva achikonzera kukuvadza mumuviri kwakakomba.
- Kushongedza kwepfungwa - kuchinja kwepfungwa ne:
- kutyisidzira;
- kukurumidza;
- kutambudzwa;
- kutyisidzira;
- vaturika mazita ekunyangadza, mavara;
- kunyorera ads, kutengesa;
- kupamba kwemari, zvinhu zvega.
Rudzi rutsva rwekunetseka kwepfungwa - kutyidzana kwepurogiramu. Pa-e-mail, pakarepo nhume kumwana anotanga kutumira kukumbira kwakaipa, mifananidzo, kutuka chiremera chemashoko, zvinogona kutyisidzirwa nekutyisidzirwa kwekutambudzwa. Kusiyana pakati pekunyadzisira kwekambani uye tsika ndeyekuti bullet inoramba isingazivikanwe, iyo inowedzera hutano hwemwana, nokuti ingozi, dambudziko racho harina kuonekwa, uye izvi zvinonyanya kukanganisa unhu.
Kuvhiringidzika kubasa
Pfungwa dzepfungwa dzinobva kune vamwe vashandi pabasa hazvisi zvisizvo. Mune chimwe chekuunganidza, iwe unogona kuwana mumwe munhu ari gadziriro kana gwayana rokuurawa. Kuchechera kubasa mararamiro okurwisana, mazano evanodzidza nezvepfungwa:
- kuti vawedzere basa ravo, kuti vasakanganiswa muhofisi yavo, hakuna munhu achakwanisa kupa mhosva yekushaya simba;
- kuti asvibise mutadzi haana kufarirwa, izvi zvinongowedzera kushungurudzika pane zvaanoita, ngaaite hake kuchema, agumburwe, kusvikira apera, zvinogona kutsanangurwa kwaari kuti "ani nani anorwadza, ndizvo zvaanotaura", munyaya iyi anodanidzira;
- Zvakakosha kuwana vanhu vanofunga-vanogona kuva vashandi vakambotambudzwa;
- tsvaka rubatsiro kubva kune vatungamiri;
- kana kutambudzwa kuchienderera mberi, sechisarudzo, kumbira mutungamiri kutamira kune imwe chikwata.
Kudzvinyirira mumhuri
Kushungurudzwa kwemhuri - chimwe chinhu chinowanikwa munyika yanhasi, zvikonzero zvaro zviri muhutano (maitiro ekuberekwa kwechimiro nenzira yekumanikidza kwehutano), hupfumi, hutano, hutano uye hwepfungwa. Pane 3 maitiro ekutambudzwa mumhuri:
- Kudheerera kwepanyama - kukanganisa kwakagadzikana kuhutano hwemwana, imwe nhengo yemhuri ine kukuvara mumuviri, kukuvadzwa mumuviri.
- Kushungurudzwa kwepabonde - kubatanidzwa kwemwana pasina kubvumirwa mune zvepabonde zvevanhu vakuru, kusangana nezvido zvavo zvepabonde.
- Kushungurudzika kwepfungwa - kunyadziswa kwechiremera chomwana, chisimba chinopikisa munhu ane rubatsiro rwekutuka, mwana akaumbwa nepfungwa dzepfungwa.
Nzira yekugadzirisa sei kushungurudzwa?
Nzira yekudzivisa kudzvinyirira - panyaya iyi yenyaya yekushanda inoshanda masayendisiti, vakuru vemasangano ezvidzidzo, kubvisa kudzvinyirira kwakaoma, kana zvinhu zvose kubva pakutanga zvakange zvisingakanganwi uye kurwisana kunobudirira. Kudzivirira ndiyo nzira chete yekupedza zvinhu zvose muBhudha, saka migumisiro yacho haisi yepamusoro uye haisi iyo inosuruvarisa. Kazhinji, nzombe dziri kuyaruka kubva kumhuri dzinotambura, saka kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwetsika, kushanda nemhuri chinhu chinokosha chekurwisana nechisimba.
Nzira yekuziva kudheerera sei?
Nzira yekudzivisa kudheerera sei? Kuti uite izvi, iwe unofanirwa kuve uri mukucherechedza, izvi zvinoshandawo kune imwe nyaya chaiyo apo mubereki anocherechedza kuti chimwe chinhu chiri kusakanganisika nemwana wake uye kutarisa kwomudzidzisi we microclimate mukirasi uye chido chavose chekudzidzisa vose nevatariri kuti vaone uye vacherechedza hupenyu hwechikoro sehuse. Izvi zvinotibvumira kuziva zviitiko zvekudheeresa panguva yekutanga, apo zvinodzvinyirira zvinogona kuve nechinangwa chakakosha uye kuderedza kushungurudzika kwepfungwa. Chii chatinofanira kutarisira kuvabereki nevadzidzisi:
- mwana, achiri kuyaruka panguva yekushandura, kushamwaridzana kubva kune munhu wese kune imwe nzvimbo, kutaura kune umwe, ane kutarisa kunetseka;
- hutano hwevadzidzi hunoderera, kazhinji kuonekwa kwepfungwa mukati mekuita zvirwere zvokufema;
- pa desk mudzidzi agere ari oga, hakuna munhu anoda kugara naye (kazhinji inopedzerwa mumutsara madheski);
- pane kuchinja, kana shure kwezvidzidzo unogona kuona mufananidzo wekuti boka revarume vari kumirira sei munhu anotarisa-famba, achinzwa kushungurudzwa kunobva kwavari;
- muimba yokudyira, unogonawo kufunga kuti chimwe chinhu chakashata kana mumwe wevadzidzi achigara achitenga zvokudya kune mumwe (kazhinji vadzidzi vaduku vanotenga masikati vevadzidzi vekusekondari);
- vabereki vanogona kuziva kuti mwana akawanzokumbira mari ye "zvido" zvekirasi, saka zvakakosha kuwana chirevo ichi mukirasi mudzidzisi;
- mwana wacho anouya kumba ari kuora mwoyo, anoenda kuchikoro achinyunyuta.
Kutyisa Kudzivirira
Kudzivirira kudzvinyirira muchikoro kunofanira kuvakwa nekubatana kwevadzidzisi, mahofisi ekutungamirira nevabereki, uye chete munhu anogona kutaura nezvekubudirira. Kukurira kuchikoro nzira yekurwa - kudzivirira:
- kusikwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu muchikoro chisingaregi kutaridzika kwekudheerera;
- kana nyaya yekudzvinyirira zvisati zvamboitika, zviyero zvekushanda zvakakosha: kuparadzanisa akaurayiwa uye nzombe, kuitira kuti kuderedza kushungurudzika;
- shanda nevana kusimbisa unhu nemweya, kudzidzira kurwisa utsinye;
- Kusarudza maitiro ekudheerera kunoitika muchikoro;
- kukurukurirana kwechinetso pahuwandu hwemakirasi, vanodzidzisa;
- kukurukura nehando nevabereki vavo;
- kururamisa mufambiro unoparadza wemudzidzi ane utsinye, kushanda nemhuri yake.
Migumisiro yekudheerera
Kufuridzira kunosasa chiratidzo chisingaoneki pamweya wevose vanoita basa iri. Munhu anodheererwa ndiye chikamu chakakanganiswa uye migumisiro inofanirwa kuburikidza nekufamba kwenguva kwenguva yekutambudzwa kwakaguma sei. Zvinonyanya kukanganisika mupfungwa ndezvekuderedza kwekuzviremekedza, kusunganidzwa kwehupenyu hwe "chiremera", kukanganisika kwepfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana, kuumbwa kwemakumbo uye phobias. Zvinotyisa kuti pakati pevaya vanovhiringidzika kune huwandu hwekuzviuraya .
Nyeredzi dzinotarisana nemigumisiro yehupenyu hwavo hunokuvadza, kuva vakuru, vanotaridzika kuzvidzora ivo pachavo munguva yakapfuura, pfungwa yekutadza uye kunyadziswa inosangana navo kwehupenyu hwavo hwose. Chinhu chakadaro mumweya hachibvumi kurarama hupenyu huzere, munhu anowanzofunga mupfungwa panguva idzodzo uye sekunge achiedza mupfungwa kugadzirisa. Asi pakati pevadzvinyiriri uye vazhinji vanobatanidza hupenyu hwavo nehupombwe uye vanoramba vachikuvadza kuita vanhu nevanhu sevanhu vose. Mutoro wekudheererwa uripo uye zviito zvehando zvinopomerwa mhosva, zvakakosha kuyeuka izvi.
Kunewo boka revatariri kana vataridzi vanoona kudzvinyirira, asi kupfuura, mutemo wekusapindira kunodhura vanovhiringidzika, asi asiya mutsara mumweya weanocherechedza: izwi rehana rinosvibiswa, munhu anova asina hanya, asina hanya, asingakwanisi tsitsi netsitsi, nekuda kwekudzivirirwa kwekudzivirira atrophy.