Nhau dzekubata pamuviri, pamuviri uye kubudirira kwaro panguva dzose zvakakodzera kumusoro kweZVI dzezvidzidzo zvevakadzi. Uye, zvinotyisa, zvisinei, ruzivo pamusoro penheyo dze "kuberekwa kwehupenyu hutsva" kazhinji hunowanikwa kune "biology uye pestle" course yakadzidza mumakore ekuchikoro. Ngatiedzei kuti tibate uye tidzidze kurongeka kweumwe wevanhu vepamusoro-shanduko - dhi rekadzi.
Pakuberekwa kwemusikana ari mudumbu rake, chirwere chendocrine chinokonzera mahomoni ake, kune mamiriyoni manomwe emakemikari emadzimai - mazai (gametes), rimwe nerimwe rawo, rinodzidziswa, rinogona kuva hwaro hwehupenyu hutsva mushure mekuberekwa. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma nemakore, nhamba ye mazai inova maduku: mumakore makumi maviri eve iko iko kakasvika mazana matanhatu, uye shure kwe60 haigone kuwanikwa zvachose. Simba rakadaro remasero echikadzi rinobvumira mukadzi kuva amai kunyange kana imwe kana chikamu cheimwe chivharo ichibviswa.
Saka, mazai evha (egg cell, ovum) ndiro chipenyu chikuru kwazvo chemuviri womunhu, chikadzi chekubereka chikafu chinokwana (chinongororeka kana chizere) chimiro chinokura uye "chinosungirirwa" mumashizha evanhu. Izvo zvinenge zvisingaiti uye zvisati zvasvika mubereki zvinogadzira nzira inenge 10 masendimita pakureba nechemukati villi ye oviduct mukati me 4-7 mazuva. Uhu hweii hupamhi kaviri kupfuura hupamhi hwemhandara chemajeri - mukomana wechirwere uye dzimwe nguva dzinoverengeka - ukuru hwemamwe masero mumuviri. Kureba kwaro kwakaenzana nekuraira kwe100-170 μm. Mukadzi wechikadzi anonzi gamete inotarisirwa kutumirwa mune imwe nzira yekuberekwa kweka haploid ye 23 chromosomes (22 kuzvigadzirisa kutora mazita ezvenhaka + zvepabonde rimwe x X chromosome inobata zvepabonde yemwana asati aberekwa).
Iro rinoita sei?
Chirongwa chegadziriro yeii yakakura, iyo inoumbwa mushure mekunyuka-kubudiswa kweii kubva muhutori kusvika muchidziro chemuviri, kunoratidzwa pasi apa.
Nenzira yakawanda, mazai ane chimiro chakafanana nemamwe masero emuviri: nucleus, cytoplasm, kuvharwa kwemuviri we plasma. Nhamba ye Haploid ine seti yemakromosomes ari pamusoro apa iri mukati. Iyo cytoplasm inosanganisira dzakasiyana-siyana zve ribosomes, zvigadzirwa zve endoplasmic reticulum uye zvine enzyme dzinodiwa kupemha kwemitochondrial masero. Nzvimbo yekunze ye cytoplasm ine chinyorwa (cortical) granules, iyo iyo inopinda muzai rehuta inosunungurwa, ichiita shato yayo, iyo inoguma ichiita kuti kuve nekushandurwa kwechimiro che oocyte uye kunodzivirira kupindira kwemamwe spermatozoa. Kushanda cortical mbeu kunobatsira kubudirira kubudirira.
Mahombekombe eai anoitawo chekudzivirira uye basa rekugadzira chikafu chacho. Kunze, evha yakakomberedzwa nehombodo yakajeka, yakafukidzwa necheka ye microvilli - iyi ndiyo inonzi follicular coat kana korona inopenya.
Muviri wePolar isirasi duku iyo, pamwe chete neii, inoumbwa semugumisiro weeiosis - kupatsanurwa kwemugadziri wesero panguva yekutsvaga. Izvo zvakasimbiswa nesayenzi kuti zvinyorwa zvemuviri we polar zvinogona kuva chikonzero chekuongororwa kwezvirwere zvegenetic.
Zvokudya zvejeri kusati kwasvika muganhu werinini inoitwa pamwe nekubatsirwa kwejinki granules-vesicles, izere namafuta, zvishoma zveprotein, mavitamini uye microelements.
Unhu hwekukura kweiyo yero, kubatika kwayo kunogona kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvakadaro zvekunze kwekunze semamiriro emagetsi, hupenyu hwehupenyu hwehupenyu uye kutonhora kwezvakatipoteredza zveii. Mukuwedzera, iyo inogadziriswa ye intracellular kushanda inobatsira zvikuru mukugadzirwa kwekutsvaira kwayo. "Usina simba", kwete mazai okubika anowanzokonzera kusununguka. Izvi zvinogona kuitika, somuenzaniso, kana kuenda kumwedzi kunopera mazuva masere anopfuura 21, kana kupfuura mazuva makumi matatu. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zamai masero haana "kuibva", kana kuti inenge isati yakwana. Kana kusina ovulation, mazamu haaiti mhando dzemapurisi, umo mavha anowedzera. Nokudaro, pasina mazai, apo spermatozoa inopinda, kubereka hakuiti.