Varimi vakawanda vari kushamisika kuti vakura sei marangi pamunda wavo pachawo. Iyo michero inobva kuSouth America, asi mamiriro ekumaodzanyemba kweEuropti yakakosha zvakakwana kukura miti yekunaka. Kuti uwane chirimwa, zvakakosha kutenga mbeu uye kuongorora nzira dzekurima.
Mavhuvhu - kudyara nekukura kumba
Ground peanuts inogadzirwa gore rimwechete rinodyarwa gore negore. Anofungidzirwa kuva mhuri yemaguru, ane chidimbu chakanaka. Zvibereko zvayo zvinoumba muganda pane zvidimbu zvishoma, kukura pasi pevhu. Mvura yakaderera yemaruva yemiti yacho inosvika muvhu uye zvishoma nezvishoma ikawa zvachose mairi, mushure mokunge kutanga kwekukohwa kunotanga. Kune mhete, nzira iri nyore yekukura muhari dzakawanda, iri pamba pahwindo, zvakare yakakosha. Iwe unongoda kuisa muvhu rakajeka, kupa chiedza chakakwana, chengetedza kubva kumashizha.
Nzira yekudyara marinari kumba?
Usati wadyara mahwende pamba, unofanira kugadzira chigadziko chakareba (30-40 cm muupamhi), kuitira kuti gare gare mashizha awo haasungiri pamucheto wehari. Nguva yakakosha yokudyara inenge pakati peApril. Mitemo yekugadzirisa:
- Mbeu dziri nani kutenga mune imwe nzvimbo dzekutengesa, usiku hunoiswa mumvura, kuwedzera donhwe reEpin . Mangwanani, marati anovhurwa uye musana unoonekwa;
- substrate yakagadzirirwa kubva kumushu uye jecha, inotorwa muzvikamu zvakafanana;
- mbeu dzekudyara zviri nyore mu peat mahwendefa (iyi nzira inoda kuwedzerwa kuwedzerwa) kana kuti pakarepo panzvimbo inogara;
- iyo nhumbi izere ne substrate yakadzika;
- Mbeu yakasimwa yakasimwa pakati nepakadzika 2-2.5 cm;
- kuti aumbe microclimate inodziya, iyo pfuti yakafukidzwa ne cellophane uye yakaiswa munzvimbo inotonhora;
- kumera, hotbed nguva dzose inoputika.
Kuchengetedza manyowa kumba
Kubudirira kubudirira kwemiti, inofanirwa kuchengeta agrotechnology yekukura marangi. Nzira yekukura sei marangi mumusha muhari:
- Kunwisa. Simbisai michero nguva dzose, muchidzivirira sputum ye coma.
- Kupera. Pamazuva anopisa, mhinzwa inomirirwa nemvura mumusasa wekunze mangwanani nemanheru.
- Kupisa kwehutongi. Optimum - + 20-27 ° С, pasi pasi + 15 ° С uye pamusoro + 30 ° С kuparadza chibereko.
- Hilling. Yakapera pakupera kwaJuly kusvika pakusvika masendimita matatu, uye kavirizve munaAugust pa 1.5-2 cm.
Apo urefu hwacho hunosvika masendimita makumi maviri, mbeu yacho inotumbuka (pazuva 40-45). Panzvimbo yemakwenzi emarangi anoonekwa mazai mavari, ayo anopinda muvhu. Zvibereko zvinoumbwa pakadzika kwe 8-10 cm. Mashizha ane tsvuku anova chiratidzo chekukohwa. Chimiro chacho chinobudiswa kubva pasi, chakaiswa kunze kwezuva kuti chiome. Mushure memazuva 10-12, nutsanga dzichatanga kuparadzanisa zvakanaka kubva muhombe. Girasi rimwe nerimwe rinopa mahesheni makumi mashanu nemaruva 1-7 mukati mehombe.
Nzira yekukura sei marangi mumunda?
Usati wakura mapeji ari pachena, zvinokosha kuti uzive nezvimwe zvezvinhu zvekurima kwayo. Kudyara musango kusarudza nzvimbo dzakasununguka nekunakidza mhepo uye chiedza chakajeka. Izvo zvakagara zvakagadzirwa ndezvenyati, mbatanidzwa, kabichi. Mushure mokunge miriwo ikura zvakanaka kukohwa kwakaoma. Iyo ivhu inoda kusununguka, mvura-inogadzirika, kusatsigira. Nguruve dzinokura kana uchidyara nekugadzira kunze kunze kwekushisa kwe + 20 ° C. Apo inoderera, simiti yekukura inomira, munyaya iyi zvinokurudzirwa kuvhara tsika nefirimu.
Nzira yekudyara sei michero yemakungu munyika?
Mbeu dzinotanga kuvharwa mumapera eEpril (dzinogona kuiswa mumhinduro ye potassium permanganate kwemaminitsi makumi matatu), mushure memazuva gumi inotanga kuonekwa pavari. Zvadaro mbesa dzinoiswa muvhu rakavhurika. Mushure mokumera mbeu inotanga kukura nokukurumidza. Nzira iyi ichadzivirira mbesa kubva kubhesi, iyo inowanzodya mbeu muvhu. Zviri nani kusarudza nhamba huru yekudyara, michero maduku haigone kukwira zvachose. Nzira yekudyara mapeji mumunda:
- Kubhururuka kunoitwa mu fossa ye 10 cm yakadzika nechokuyera kwema 50 cm pakati pezvienzaniso. Inogona kudyarwa mumitsara nechekuita kwemasentimita 30 kana chess nzira;
- Kukura mhete kunogona uye zvikwangwani 60х60 kana 70х70 cm;
- Ivhu rinofanira kunge rakasununguka uye rinopisa, sezvo tsika inoda nyika inonyorera;
- Nokuti kudyara kwakasimwa nyemba inoshandiswa, masara anobva mumashizha anogona zvakare kukandirwa mumugodhi - ivo vachabata basa rehutairi yemidzi;
- Mbeu 3 dzinoiswa mu fossa imwe neimwe, nokuti vasina simba havagone kukwira;
- mushure mokuvhara, mubhedha unomirirwa nechisimba chakamanikidzwa, kuitira kuti usashamba nechepamusoro pevhu;
- Mbeu dzinokura kwemwedzi mumwechete kusvika pakureba 25-75 cm.
Nguva yekudyara mapeji
Sezvo mhete inogona kukura mumamiriro ezvinhu anodziya, kudyara kunoitwa mushure mekushisa kwevhu kunopisa kusvika ku15 ° C. Izvi zvinowanikwa pakati peMay mushure mekunyunguduka kwemakate. Frosts inokuvadza kune maruva, naizvozvo usati wagadzira marangi munyika iyo yakavhara, iwe unofanira kumirira iyo yakagadzikana inonaya mamiriro okunze. Iwe unogona kuisa nyemba mumagirazi 3-4 masentimita muupamhi muna April, kuisa zuva rakananga window-sill. Zvadaro michero inotamirwa kune ivhu rakazaruka kutanga kweJune.
Kuchengeta marangi muvhu rakavhurika
Nzvimbo dzomumhenderekedzo dzegungwa, kana dzichikura kunze, dzinoda kutarisirwa-dzinoda kumwa mvura, kudya, kuparadza zvirwere. Vechidiki pasi shoma vanofanira kuchengetedzwa kubva kumasora. Weeding mitsetse inosanganiswa nekudzima kwevhu pashure pokunge yakanyoroveswa. Mushure mamashizha emiti yacho achiita zhizha, uye mbeu dzinotanga kubviswa nyore nyore kubva kubhairi, nguva yekukohwa inotanga (hafu yepiri yaSeptember). Chokutanga mashizha akafuridzirwa, vanorega michero yacho ikaoma. Mbeu yacho inokohwa mudanga rehairi dzisina kubviswa mumabhegi ematumba muimba yakaoma pa8-8 ° C. Kubva kune rimwe gwenzi rinounganidza kusvika ku 0.5 kg yemiti.
Zviratidzo zvekukura marangi muvhu rakavhurika
Iyo manyokwe ane chinhu chinonakidza - chinokurudzira rimwe zuva. Dzimwe nguva izvi zvinodarika zvisinganzwisisiki kune varimi vemotokari. Mangwanani-ngwanani munaJune mazai anotumbuka, uye manheru ivo vari kutotanga - panguva ino vanogona kupora. Pashure pemwedzi 1.5-2 mushure mokutunga maruva, mazai aya anowira muvhu, achikura mumvura yakadzika, apo kuumbwa kwemichero yemutsika kuchaitika.
Kukura mapeji mubindu kunowirirana nechisimba chekukwirira. Mazuva gumi mushure mokupenya, mazai ayo anosaswa nemvura yakasviba, ivhu rakaoma re 5-7 cm (semitare), kuitira kuti miviri yezvokudya inosvika kune cotyledon. Kazhinji, kukura mhashu kunobatsira mamwe magwe maviri mamwe mazuva ane gumi, iyo iyo tsanga yemuti inowanikwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Iyo nzira inokurudzirwa mushure mekudiridza kana mvura.
Mamiriro ezvinhu ekukura mhozha - ivhu
Zvakakosha kune varimi kuti vazive kuti zvirimwa zvakakura sei. Nzvimbo iyi inofanira kunge yakazaruka pasina ruzha rwemvuri kubva kumatare, zvivakwa, miti. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yemarangi inoda mvura, chiedza, nepamusoro peumushu, calcium uye magnesium - chernozem kana sandy loam. Miti ine ivhu haibvumiri tsika, uye asidi inofanira kunge yakatarwa isati yatanga. Musati makura mhete, nzvimbo yacho yakagadzirirwa: mukutonhora yekuchera kusvika pakadzika 30 cm muvhu kuwedzera 1-3 kg ye humus kusvika 1 m 2 munzvimbo yacho. Muchitsime, nzvimbo yekudyara zvakare yakasununguka yakasunungurwa nekuwedzera kune imwe neimwe m 2 kusvika 50 magamu e nitrophosphate .
Nzira yekudyara mapeaniti nenzira yakakodzera - zvinoshandiswa pakudiridza
Muti wevhu unofarira mvura, kwete ivhu rakaoma. Kunyanya kunwisa kunogona kutungamirira mukuora kwechibereko. Nzira yekukura sei peanut yevhu munyika - kudiridza:
- Gadzirisa chibage kana chikamu chepamusoro chevhu chichinge chaoma-kanenge kamwe pazuva;
- pamusara wekutumbuka, zvinomera zvinonwa mvura zhinji - mangwanani-ngwanani imwe kana kaviri pavhiki;
- mvura yehutano haifaniri kuva inotonhora - inofanira kunge yakatsamwa muzuva;
- Mushure mokuumbwa kweivary panzvimbo yekudiridza, zvinokurudzirwa kuparadzira mamwe masikati manheru;
- mushure mekunge imwe neimwe inonyorera ivhu rinosunungurwa kuitira kuti rigadziridzwe neokisijeni;
- kana munzvimbo iyo kune mvura nguva dzose, kunwa kunogona kushaikwa;
- mwedzi usati watanga kukohwa, kukonzera kunomiswa. Kana mbeu yacho yakanyanyiswa mvura munaSeptember, michero ichapedza nguva refu.
Kukura kwemaruva - mbatya dzepamusoro
Muti wevhu unodyiswa kaviri mumwaka. Mushonga wakanaka kune kukura nekubereka. Miti yacho inogadzirisa zvakakwana potassium uye phosphorus. Nzira yekukurira marangi munyika - fertilizer:
- iyo yokutanga yakagadzirwa mushure mamashizha kusvika kusvika masendimita gumi muhupamhi - magwenzi anopa 20 g ammonium nitrate, 45 g ye potassium munyu, 70 g ye superphosphate paminita 10 emvura;
- kechipiri nguva yekudyara inodzokororwa panhandare yemiti.
Nzira yekukura sei marangi - zvirwere nezvirwere?
Kufanana nemashizha ose, iyo nut inokanganiswa nehosha uye inorwiswa nezvipembenene. Nzira yekukura nayo mucheki mujacha - kurwisana nemasipirisi:
- Nhekwe dzinoshungurudzwa nehove, makungu. Zvinokuvadza mavara, zvinoparadza maruva. Kuti kubvisa zvirwere zvinokonzerwa, zvinosviba, nekusasa gomba nemadota ematanda kana guruva refodya.
- Kubva pane zvakasvibirira, simiti inoshandiswa nezvipembenene .
- Iko nengozi, kana nut inotanga kudya mutsvuku - inorarama pasi uye inochera michero kunyange muchero. Nokuda kwekuparadzwa kwavo, gomba-misungo inogadzirwa umo zvikamu zve mbatatisi, bheta kana karoti zvinowanikwa. Matsime akafukidzwa nemapuranga, simbi, uye mushure mechinguva makororo anokamba achikamba achiuya achikambaira.
- Kunyangwe mubindu rine mhete, inokurudzirwa kuisa scarecrow kuti inyeke shiri, iyo inogona kukuvadza zvibereko zvose.
Nzira yekukura sei zvipembenene - zvirwere:
- Powdery mildew. Chirwere ichi chinoratidzika sematanda kumativi ose maviri emashizha. Nekukundwa kwefungicides - Topaz, Bravo, Quadrice.
- Phallosticosis kana mashizha. Inozivikanwa nevhudzi rakasvibirira kusvika 6 mm muhupamhi, iyo inofambira mberi neyemvura yakakwirira. Fungicides yezviito zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshanda mukurwisa chirwere chacho.
- Grey rot. Inotarisa mushure mokutunga maruva nenzira yezvipfeko zvinopisa, zvichibva pamashizha kusvika kumatope. Mashizha akaoma haabvumi michero. Kukura musango wakanaka kunobatsira kuchengetedzwa kwekombiyuta yezvekurima, kukura kwechimiro, kuchengetedza kukohwa kwezvirimwa, panguva yakakodzera yekudzikinura.